The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Teacher Efficacy and Student Problem as Factors in Special Education Referral
Abstract
We investigated the influence of teacher efficacy and student problem type on teachers' placement and referral decisions. Regular and special educators ( N= 192) were randomly assigned a case study describing a student having a learning and/or behavior problem and asked to judge (a) whether the student was appropriately placed in regular education and (b) whether they would refer this student to special education. Analysis of an efficacy scale yielded two factors: personal efficacy and teaching efficacy. Results indicated that regular and special educators were most likely to agree with regular class placement when they were high in both dimensions of efficacy. Regular educators higher in personal efficacy were more likely to agree with regular education placement than those with lower personal efficacy. In addition, students with combined learning and behavior problems were found to be the most susceptible to referral. This study suggests that teachers' sense of efficacy underlies their placement decisions.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change
Bandura, A. (1977) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.2.191 · Cited by 43,925
Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency
Bandura, A. (1982) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.37.2.122 · Cited by 15,975
Teacher efficacy: A construct validation.
Gibson, S., & Dembo, M. H. (1984) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.76.4.569 · Cited by 3,426
Huitema, B. E. (2011) · Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics · doi:10.1002/9781118067475 · Cited by 464
Cited by
Teacher efficacy: capturing an elusive construct
Tschannen-Moran, M., & Hoy, A. W. (2001) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/s0742-051x(01)00036-1 · Cited by 6,839
Teacher self-efficacy and teacher burnout: A study of relations
Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2010) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/j.tate.2009.11.001 · Cited by 1,787
Zee, M., & Koomen, H. M. Y. (2016) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/0034654315626801 · Cited by 1,774
Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2007) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.99.3.611 · Cited by 1,678
Changes in teacher efficacy during the early years of teaching: A comparison of four measures
Hoy, A. W., & Spero, R. B. (2005) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/j.tate.2005.01.007 · Cited by 1,605
Metadata
- Authors
- Soodak, L. C., & Podell, D. M.
- Venue
- The Journal of Special Education
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1993-04
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 66-81
- ISSN
- 0022-4669 (ISSN-L)
- 1538-4764
- OpenAlex
- W2140706379
- Cited by
- 377
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 4.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Teacher Efficacy and Student Problem as Factors in Special Education Referral. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1177/002246699302700105
- The paper
- Soodak, L. C., & Podell, D. M. (1993). Teacher Efficacy and Student Problem as Factors in Special Education Referral. The Journal of Special Education. https://doi.org/10.1177/002246699302700105
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
