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Educational and Criminal Justice Outcomes 12 Years After School Suspension
Open accessAbstract
A third of U.S. students are suspended over a K-12 school career. Suspended youth have worse adult outcomes than nonsuspended students, but these outcomes could be due to selection bias: that is, suspended youth may have had worse outcomes even without suspension. This study compares the educational and criminal justice outcomes of 480 youth suspended for the first time with those of 1,193 matched nonsuspended youth from a nationally representative sample. Prior to suspension, the suspended and nonsuspended youth did not differ on 60 pre-suspension variables including students’ self-reported delinquency and risk behaviors, parents’ reports of socioeconomic status, and administrators’ reports of school disciplinary policies. Twelve years after suspension (ages 25-32), suspended youth were less likely than matched nonsuspended youth to have earned bachelor’s degrees or high school diplomas, and were more likely to have been arrested and on probation, suggesting that suspension rather than selection bias explains negative outcomes.
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“Given outcomes are worse for Black students with a history of suspension relative to suspended students from other racial/ethnic groups (e.g., Rosenbaum, 2020), the current study’s findings also indicate some promise for RP to aid in dismantling the school-to-prison pipeline.”
From The Impact of Restorative Practices on the Use of Out-of-School Suspensions: Results from a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial (2023) · cites this paper as Rosenbaum, 2020
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“Prior suspensions may lead to a breakdown of trust and respect for the teacher and can trigger a vicious cycle of misconduct and suspensions (Okonofua et al., 2016; Rosenbaum, 2020).”
From The Impact of Restorative Practices on the Use of Out-of-School Suspensions: Results from a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial (2023) · cites this paper as Rosenbaum, 2020
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Metadata
- Authors
- Rosenbaum, J.
- Affiliations
- SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rosenbaum, Janet
- ORCID
- Rosenbaum, Janet
- Venue
- Youth & Society
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2018-01-17
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 515-547
- ISSN
- 0044-118X (ISSN-L)
- 1552-8499
- PMC
- PMC7288849
- OpenAlex
- W2782891860
- Cited by
- 174
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 68.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Youth & Society (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- SUNY Digital Repository Support (State University of New York System) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R24HD041041, P01HD031921)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Education Discipline and Inequality
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
- Keywords
- school suspension, educational outcomes, criminal justice outcomes, selection bias, juvenile delinquency, arrests, probation, high school graduation, bachelor's degree attainment, student discipline, long-term outcomes
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