Diabetes Buddies: Peer Support Through a Mobile Phone Buddy System

Rotheram-Borus, Mary Jane; Tomlinson, Mark; Gwegwe, Margaret; Comulada, W. Scott; Kaufman, Neal; Keim, Marion

doi:10.1177/0145721712444617

Cited by 108Mobile Health and mHealth ApplicationsDiabetes Management and EducationDiabetes Management and Research

Diabetes Buddies: Peer Support Through a Mobile Phone Buddy System

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Rotheram-Borus, Mary Jane, Tomlinson, Mark, Gwegwe, Margaret, Comulada, W. Scott, Kaufman, Neal, Keim, Marion·2012·The Diabetes Educator

DOI 10.1177/0145721712444617PMC PMC4059372

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Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this study is to test the feasibility and acceptability of a mobile phone–based peer support intervention among women in resource-poor settings to self-manage their diabetes. Secondary goals were to evaluate the intervention’s effectiveness to motivate diabetes-related health choices. Methods Women with diabetes (n = 22) in Cape Town, South Africa, participated in a 12-week program focused on providing and applying knowledge of health routines to manage diabetes. Women were linked with a buddy via a mobile phone for support and were questioned daily about a health behavior via text message. Women were assessed at recruitment and then 3 and 6 months later by a trained interviewer using a mobile phone for data collection. The women were evaluated on technology uptake, reduction of body mass index, blood glucose levels, and increases in positive coping and general health-seeking behaviors. Results Women exchanged 16 739 text messages to buddies and received 3144 texts from the project. Women responded to 29% of texted questions (n = 1321/14 582). Women attended at least 9 of 12 possible intervention sessions; a third attended all 12 sessions (n = 8/22). Between baseline and 3 months, women increased their sleep and reported a higher level of positive action and social support coping, yet blood glucose increased by 3.3 points. From 3 to 6 months, spiritual hope decreased and diastolic blood pressure increased. One year later, the 22 women continue to attend meetings. Conclusions Mobile phones are an easy and reliable way to provide peer support and disseminate health messages. Both positive and negative changes were observed in this pilot study.

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In 8 included studies, mHealth interventions connected a patient to a provider, directly facilitating patient access to professional care.
“In 8 studies, mHealth interventions connected a patient to a provider, thus directly facilitating patient access to (professional) care [20, 37, 46, 50, 51, 53–55].”
From A realist review of mobile phone-based health interventions for non-communicable disease management in sub-Saharan Africa (2017) · cites this paper as [55]
Participating patients or providers usually required only a few days of training on how to use the mobile technology and the consultation procedures.
“Participating patients or providers usually required only a few days of training on how to use the mobile technology (such as the mobile phone and its application software) and the consultation procedures [41, 43, 46–48, 50, 55].”
From A realist review of mobile phone-based health interventions for non-communicable disease management in sub-Saharan Africa (2017) · cites this paper as [55]
For patients, the most important predisposing characteristic associated with the perception that an mHealth intervention was more useful than an alternative was patients' cultural and social acceptance of the mobile technology, involving familiarity with the technology in the community and absence of negative myths.
“For patients, the most important predisposing characteristic associated with the perception that a mHealth intervention was more useful than an alternative was the patients’ cultural and social acceptance of the mobile technology, which involved familiarity with the technology in the community and absence of negative myths [38, 40, 41, 46, 53, 55].”
From A realist review of mobile phone-based health interventions for non-communicable disease management in sub-Saharan Africa (2017) · cites this paper as [55]
mHealth interventions have to be specifically designed to be easy to use for particular groups of patients, such as older age groups, or people with low educational levels or poor socio-economic backgrounds.
“In addition, studies reported that mHealth interventions have to be specifically designed to be easy to use for particular groups of patients, such as older age groups [55], or people with low educational levels [50, 55] or poor socio-economic backgrounds [50].”
From A realist review of mobile phone-based health interventions for non-communicable disease management in sub-Saharan Africa (2017) · cites this paper as [55]
If patients faced access barriers such as long travel times, waiting times, and high travel costs, mHealth interventions were perceived to be useful.
“If patients faced access barriers such as long travel times, waiting times, and high travel costs, mHealth interventions were perceived to be useful [20, 42, 45, 46, 48–50, 52, 53, 55].”
From A realist review of mobile phone-based health interventions for non-communicable disease management in sub-Saharan Africa (2017) · cites this paper as [55]

In three studies, sicker patients were more likely to use mHealth interventions.
“Furthermore, three studies found that sicker patients were more likely to use the interventions, possibly because they found it easier to use the mHealth interventions rather than, for instance, walk to a provider [20, 51, 55].”
From A realist review of mobile phone-based health interventions for non-communicable disease management in sub-Saharan Africa (2017) · cites this paper as [55]
For patients, availability of a functioning stable telecommunications network was one of the two most important enabling resources necessary for a mHealth intervention to be perceived useful.
“For patients, unsurprisingly, the two most important enabling resources necessary for a mHealth intervention to be (perceived to be) useful were access to mobile phones [37, 45, 46, 50, 53–55] (also possible through borrowing [46, 50]) and the availability of a functioning stable telecommunications network [20, 36, 39, 42, 45, 47, 48, 52, 55].”
From A realist review of mobile phone-based health interventions for non-communicable disease management in sub-Saharan Africa (2017) · cites this paper as [55]
Affordability of telecommunication services and other operating costs was an enabling resource for first-contact providers.
“Enabling resources for first-contact providers were access to basic infrastructure, such as electric power and functioning medical technologies [49, 52], ambulance services and good roads [46, 47], as well as the affordability of telecommunication services and other operating costs [50, 54, 55] (see Table 2).”
From A realist review of mobile phone-based health interventions for non-communicable disease management in sub-Saharan Africa (2017) · cites this paper as [55]
(First-contact) providers reported that they needed support in order to follow guidelines.
“Furthermore, (first-contact) providers reported that they needed support in order to follow guidelines [50, 54, 55] and that mHealth could contribute to overcoming barriers to accessing supervision [37, 40–42, 47, 51].”
From A realist review of mobile phone-based health interventions for non-communicable disease management in sub-Saharan Africa (2017) · cites this paper as [55]
Support from partners/relatives was an enabling resource for patients.
“Other enabling resources were assurance of privacy [43, 48], support from partners/relatives [51, 55], reduced costs of travel, and reduced time away from home or work [24, 50–53].”
From A realist review of mobile phone-based health interventions for non-communicable disease management in sub-Saharan Africa (2017) · cites this paper as [55]
For patients, access to mobile phones was one of the two most important enabling resources necessary for a mHealth intervention to be perceived useful.
“For patients, unsurprisingly, the two most important enabling resources necessary for a mHealth intervention to be (perceived to be) useful were access to mobile phones [37, 45, 46, 50, 53–55] (also possible through borrowing [46, 50]) and the availability of a functioning stable telecommunications network [20, 36, 39, 42, 45, 47, 48, 52, 55].”
From A realist review of mobile phone-based health interventions for non-communicable disease management in sub-Saharan Africa (2017) · cites this paper as [55]
Use of financial incentives was one of the most important enabling resources for specialized healthcare providers.
“For (specialized) healthcare providers, the most important enabling resources were a tolerable additional workload [40, 46, 47], the use of financial incentives [47, 55], and the availability of policy guidelines regarding data protection, phone usage, etc. [40, 43, 45, 52].”
From A realist review of mobile phone-based health interventions for non-communicable disease management in sub-Saharan Africa (2017) · cites this paper as [55]
Low complexity of the technology (e.g., SMS and icons) was an enabling resource influencing patients' perceived ease of use of mHealth interventions.
“Enabling resources influencing patients’ perceived ease of use of mHealth interventions included the durability and portability of mobile phones [37, 55] and the low complexity of the technology, for example, short message service (SMS) and icons [53, 55].”
From A realist review of mobile phone-based health interventions for non-communicable disease management in sub-Saharan Africa (2017) · cites this paper as [55]
Durability and portability of mobile phones was an enabling resource influencing patients' perceived ease of use of mHealth interventions.
“Enabling resources influencing patients’ perceived ease of use of mHealth interventions included the durability and portability of mobile phones [37, 55] and the low complexity of the technology, for example, short message service (SMS) and icons [53, 55].”
From A realist review of mobile phone-based health interventions for non-communicable disease management in sub-Saharan Africa (2017) · cites this paper as [55]
A before-and-after evaluation of a mHealth-based peer-support group for women suffering from diabetes mellitus in South Africa showed no evidence of significant change in health over a 6-month period, although the sample size was very small (n=22).
“Results showed no evidence of significant change in health over a 6-month period, although the sample size was very small (n=22) (32).”
From Assessing the impact of mHealth interventions in low- and middle-income countries – what has been shown to work? (2014) · cites this paper as [32]

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van Olmen, J., Ku, G. M., Darras, C., Kalobu, J. C., Bewa, E., van Pelt, M. H., Heang, H., Kristien, V. A., Eggermont, N., Schellevis, F., et al. (2014) · Primary care diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.pcd.2014.09.001 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Peer support groups, mobile phones and refugee women in Melbourne: Table 1:
Liamputtong, P., Koh, L., Wollersheim, D., & Walker, R. (2015) · Health Promotion International · doi:10.1093/heapro/dav015 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
The Promise of Mobile Technologies for the Health Care System in the Developing World: A Systematic Review
Karageorgos, G. M., Andreadis, I., Psychas, K., Mourkousis, G., Kiourti, A., Lazzi, G., & Nikita, K. S. (2018) · IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/rbme.2018.2868896 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Opportunities and Design Considerations for Peer Support in a Hospital Setting
Haldar, S., Mishra, S. R., Khelifi, M., Pollack, A. H., & Pratt, W. (2017) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3025453.3026040 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
A Pilot Randomized Trial of Text-Messaging for Symptom Awareness and Diabetes Knowledge in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
Han, Y., Faulkner, M. S., Fritz, H., Fadoju, D., MUIR, A. B., Abowd, G. D., Head, L. M., & Arriaga, R. I. (2015) · Journal of Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2015.02.002 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“Similar to the text messaging systems designed by Rotheram-Borus et al. (Rotheram-Borus et al., 2012) and Tasker et al. (Tasker et al., 2007), our system also delivered a maximum of one question a day to the study participants, thereby minimizing the burden of needing to respond to multiple text…”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Evidence based review of type 2 diabetes prevention and management in low and middle income countries
Afable, A., & Karingula, N. S. (2016) · World Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.4239/wjd.v7.i10.209 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Usability of Mobile Phones in Physical Activity–Related Research: A Systematic Review
Monroe, C. M., Thompson, D. L., Bassett, D. R., Fitzhugh, E. C., & Raynor, H. A. (2015) · American Journal of Health Education · doi:10.1080/19325037.2015.1044141 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“However, several SMS-based studies in the present review did not find statistically significant changes in PA despite the use of these strategies.(52,58,59,77,78,80,85,86) These PHYSICAL ACTIVITY–RELATED RESEARCH 201”
Mobile phone technology for improved mental health care in South Africa: possibilities and challenges
Norris, L., Swartz, L. M., & Tomlinson, M. (2013) · South African Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1177/0081246313493376 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“There has been a rapid uptake of mobile phone technology in a variety of health-related fields in this country, for example, in diabetes care (Flisher et al., 2007; Rotheram-Borus et al., 2012) and in improving HIV medication adherence (Pop-Eleches et al., 2011).”
Self-citation
Wearable technology for hazardous remote environments: Smart shirt and Rugged IoT network for forestry worker health
Hinze, A., Bowen, J., & König, J. L. (2021) · Smart Health · doi:10.1016/j.smhl.2021.100225 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
A qualitative study on the use of personal information technology by persons with spinal cord injury
Mattar, A. A. G., Hitzig, S. L., & McGillivray, C. F. (2014) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.3109/09638288.2014.963708 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“mobile phones, text messaging, online video-conferencing and social networking can improve the health of diabetics by offering peer support [21], by improving blood glucose monitoring and control [22–25], providing information resources [26,27], sup-”
Cardiovascular risk outcome and program evaluation of a cluster randomised controlled trial of a community-based, lay peer led program for people with diabetes
the Australasian Peers for Progress Diabetes Project Investigators, Riddell, M. A., Dunbar, J., Absetz, P., Wolfe, R. S., Li, H., Brand, M., Aziz, Z., & Oldenburg, B. F. (2016) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3538-3 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Mobile health adoption in Burundi: A UTAUT perspective
Ndayizigamiye, P., & Maharaj, M. (2016) · IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference · doi:10.1109/ghtc.2016.7857342 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Peer support and social networking interventions in diabetes self-management in Kenya and Uganda: A scoping review
Otanga, H., Semujju, B., Mwaniki, L. M., & Aungo, J. B. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0273722 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Mobile health solutions in developing countries: a stakeholder perspective
Eze, E., Gleasure, R., & Heavin, C. (2018) · Health Systems · doi:10.1080/20476965.2018.1457134 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“…& Odujoko, 2016; Nhavoto, Grönlund, & Klein, 2017); cross-sectional observational studies (House, Cheptinga, & Rusyniak, 2015); in-depth interviews (Rotheram-Borus et al., 2012; Thondoo et al., 2015; Zhang et al., 2013); feasibility studies (Gupta et al., 2017; Istepanian et al., 2014;…”
Assessment of Psychological Distress in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Through Technologies: Literature Review
Bassi, G., Gabrielli, S., Donisi, V., Carbone, S., Forti, S., & Salcuni, S. (2020) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/17740 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Quantifying Social Reinforcement Among Family Members on Adherence to Medications for Chronic Conditions: a US-Based Retrospective Cohort Study
Lauffenburger, J. C., Khan, N. F., Brill, G. E., & Choudhry, N. K. (2018) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-018-4654-9 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“I don’t have options but to persevere.” Experiences and practices of care for HIV and diabetes in rural Tanzania: a qualitative study of patients and family caregivers
Mwangome, M. N., Geubbels, E. L. P. E., Klatser, P. R., & Dieleman, M. A. (2016) · International Journal for Equity in Health · doi:10.1186/s12939-016-0345-5 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“existing technologies can be employed for sharing information with patients, for simpler testing and for support and supervision of CHWs by facility-based health providers [60, 61].”
Achieving Sustainability and Scale-Up of Mobile Health Noncommunicable Disease Interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa: Views of Policy Makers in Ghana
Opoku, D., Busse, R., & Quentin, W. (2019) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/11497 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Recruitment and retention in an SMS-based health education program: Lessons learned from Text2BHealthy
Speirs, K. E., Grutzmacher, S. K., Munger, A., & Messina, L. A. (2015) · Health Informatics Journal · doi:10.1177/1460458215577995 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“87) Gender Female 125 (92) 95 (87) Male 11 (8) 14 (13) Text2BHealthy participation Participant 35 (25) 25 (23) Non-participant 105 (75) 85 (77) Program delivery method Text messages 24 (83) 19 (79) Email messages 5 (17) 5 (21)”
The effectiveness of text messages support for diabetes self-management: protocol of the TEXT4DSM study in the democratic Republic of Congo, Cambodia and the Philippines
van Olmen, J., Ku, G. M., van Pelt, M. H., Kalobu, J. C., Heang, H., Darras, C., Acker, K. L. V., Villaraza, B., Schellevis, F., & Kegels, G. (2013) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-423 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“The participants reported positive effects of the intervention, for instance increased social support coping, yet their physical parameters did not improve in the 6 months’ follow-up [19].”
Connected health: a review of the literature
Colorafi, K. J. (2016) · mHealth · doi:10.21037/mhealth.2016.03.09 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“%) each from China (36), South Africa (32), South Korea (28), and the UK (43), 2 (6”
Blending into Everyday Life: Designing a Social Media-Based Peer Support System
Lambton-Howard, D., Simpson, E. L., Quimby, K. R., Kharrufa, A., Ng, H., Foster, E., & Olivier, P. L. (2021) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3411764.3445079 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Social support can play a major role in self-management of diabetes [15, 30, 39, 41], where higher levels of social support have been linked to better glycaemic control, better compliance with treatment plans and improved quality of life.”
The Role of Community Organisation, Religion, Spirituality and Cultural Beliefs on Diabetes Social Support and Self-Management in Sub-Saharan Africa: Integrative Literature Review
Molla, I. B., Hagger, V. L., Rothmann, M. J., & Rasmussen, B. (2025) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-024-02233-y · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Engaging Patients through Mobile Phones: Demonstrator Services, Success Factors, and Future Opportunities in Low and Middle-income Countries
Hartzler, A. L., & Wetter, T. C. (2014) · Yearbook of Medical Informatics · doi:10.15265/iy-2014-0022 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“In South Africa, where overeating an unhealthy diets co-exist with malnutrition, services to fight metabolic syndrome are emerging, such as transforming the “Power to Prevent” SMS reporting and peer support service developed for African-Americans in the US for a Township in Cape Town [20].”
Influential
Technology to encourage meaningful activities following brain injury
Jamieson, M., Jack, R., O’Neill, B., Cullen, B., Lennon, M., Brewster, S. A., & Evans, J. J. (2019) · Disability and Rehabilitation Assistive Technology · doi:10.1080/17483107.2019.1594402 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
I think someone is walking with me: the use of mobile phone for social capital development among women in four refugee communities
Koh, L., Walker, R., Wollersheim, D., & Liamputtong, P. (2018) · International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care · doi:10.1108/ijmhsc-08-2017-0033 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Use and impact of an online community for hospital patients
Haldar, S., Mishra, S. R., Kim, Y., Hartzler, A. L., Pollack, A. H., & Pratt, W. (2019) · Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · doi:10.1093/jamia/ocz212 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“98, 4 (1-65) Prior experience as a patient in the hospital Yes 9 14 No 5 1 Unsure 1 0”
Background
Adolescent-friendly technologies as potential adjuncts for health promotion
Dietrich, J. J., Coetzee, J., Otwombe, K. N., Mdanda, S., Nkala-Dlamini, B., Makongoza, M., Tshabalala, C., Hornschuh, S., Soon, C. N., Kaida, A., et al. (2014) · Health Education · doi:10.1108/he-08-2013-0039 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“…used successfully to improve antiretroviral medication adherence (Mukund Bahadur and Murray, 2010), support the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (De Tolly and Alexander, 2009), manage diabetes (Rotheram-Borus et al., 2012) and for continued midwifery education (Woods et al., 2012).”
The Patient Advice System
Haldar, S., Kim, Y., Mishra, S. R., Hartzler, A. L., Pollack, A. H., & Pratt, W. (2020) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3415183 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Social support strategies in adult patients with diabetes: a review of strategies in the USA and Europe
Kirk, J. K., Ebert, C. N., Gamble, G. P., & Ebert, C. E. (2013) · Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1586/17446651.2013.811895 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Digital health and self-management of chronic diseases in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review
Achieng, M. S., & Ogundaini, O. O. (2022) · South African journal of information management · doi:10.4102/sajim.v24i1.1550 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
An Emerging Model of Pregnancy Care
Carissoli, C., Villani, D., & Riva, G. (2016) · Advances in psychology, mental health, and behavioral studies (APMHBS) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-9986-1.ch007 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
mHealth for behaviour change: role of a smartphone-based multi-intervention service for hypertension and diabetes in Bangladesh
Ghorai, K., Jahan, S., RAY, P. K., & Chylinski, M. (2014) · International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Technology · doi:10.1504/ijbet.2014.065655 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Peer Support in Prevention, Chronic Disease Management, and Well-Being
Fisher, E. B., Bhushan, N. L., Coufal, M. M., Kowitt, S. D., Parada, H., Sokol, R. L., Tang, P. Y., Urlaub, D. M., & Graham, J. T. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-93826-4_22 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Buddy Study: Partners for better health in adolescents with type 2 diabetes
Sylvetsky, A. C. (2015) · World Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.4239/wjd.v6.i18.1355 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Peer Support for Type 2 Diabetes Management in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs): A Scoping Review
Sherifali, D., da Silva, L. P., Dewan, P., Cader, F. A., Dakhil, Z. A., Gyawali, B., Klassen, S. L., Yaseen, I. F., Jovkovic, M., Khalid, S., et al. (2024) · Global Heart · doi:10.5334/gh.1299 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Exploring mHealth app utilization for diabetes self-management: survey insights from a northern district in Malaysia
Supramaniam, P., Beh, Y.-S., Junus, S., & Devesahayam, P. R. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-21056-w · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Physical activity containing behavioural interventions for adults living with modifiable chronic non-communicable diseases in Africa: a systematic mixed-studies review
Igwesi-Chidobe, C. N., Kengne, A. P., Sorinola, I. O., & Godfrey, E. L. (2018) · International Health · doi:10.1093/inthealth/ihy013 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Moving beyond ‘don't ask, don't tell’: Mental health needs of adults with type 1 diabetes in rural and remote regions of British Columbia
Ashrafi, S., Taylor, D., & Tang, T. S. (2021) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.14534 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
A design of a mobile health intervention to enhance home-carers' disposal of medical waste in South Africa
Ndayizigamiye, P., Hangulu, L., & Akintola, O. (2017) · IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC) · doi:10.1109/ghtc.2017.8239241 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“This is an important factor because familiarity with the use of mobile phones have been mentioned in various studies [23,24, 25] as part of the enablers of mHealth adoption.”
Perceived Benefits of Group Exercise Among Individuals With Peripheral Neuropathy
Powell‐Cope, G. M., Quigley, P. A., Besterman‐Dahan, K., & Lind, J. D. (2014) · Western Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/0193945914523493 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“, 2012); cardiovascular fitness in persons with mental illness (Gill, 2012); and diabetics using the mobile phone buddy system (Rotheram-Borus et al., 2012).”
Understanding the Needs of Low SES Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Barnes, P. A., Caine, K. E., Connelly, K., & Siek, K. A. (2013) · Proceedings of the ICTs for improving Patients Rehabilitation Research Techniques · doi:10.4108/icst.pervasivehealth.2013.252153 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Pervasive health technologies are already being used to help people make the necessary lifestyle changes to promote long-term health [10-15].”
Design and patient characteristics of the randomized controlled trial TExT-MED + FANS A test of mHealth augmented social support added to a patient-focused text-messaging intervention for emergency department patients with poorly controlled diabetes
Burner, E., Mercado, J., Saenz, A. H., Peters, A. L., Mack, W. J., Baezconde-Garbanati, L. A., Arora, S., & Wu, S. (2019) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2019.03.003 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Giving and taking social support at work: An experience sampling study among coworker dyads
Zeijen, M. E. L., Petrou, P., & Bakker, A. B. (2024) · Applied Psychology · doi:10.1111/apps.12520 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Hypertension in Sub-Saharan Africa
Joubert, J., Lacroix, P., Preux, P., & Dumas, M. (2021) · Journal of Clinical and Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.4103/jcpc.jcpc_55_20 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Buddies as In-Group Influencers in Online Support Groups: A Social Network Analysis of Processes and Outcomes
Esmaeeli, A., Pechmann, C., & Prochaska, J. J. (2022) · Journal of Interactive Marketing · doi:10.1177/10949968221076144 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“…and Keilty 2007; Rotheram-Borus et al. 2012; Zuyderduin, Ehlers, and Van der Wal 2008), and the two people are often behaviorally similar in that they are partners in goal pursuit (Fals-Stewart, Birchler, and Kelley 2006; Lee et al. 2013; Nicholas and Keilty 2007; Rotheram-Borus et al. 2012).”
Influential
Peer Group and Text Message–Based Weight-Loss and Management Intervention for African American Women
Lee, S., Schorr, E. N., Chi, C., Treat‐Jacobson, D., Mathiason, M. A., & Lindquist, R. A. (2017) · Western Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/0193945917697225 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“A mobile phone “buddy system” was investigated to evaluate a mobile phone–based intervention for self-management of diabetes (Rotheram-Borus et al., 2012).”
Development of a Web-Based Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) for Chinese Americans: A Formative Evaluation Approach
Yeh, M., Lau, W., Gong, Z., Horlyck-Romanovsky, M., Tung, H., Zhu, L., Grace, X., & Wylie‐Rosett, J. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20010599 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Review of Key Stakeholders for an mHealth Pilot Study in Malawi Motivations and Expectations
O’Connor, Y., Heavin, C., & O’Donoghue, J. (2015) · International Journal of Reliable and Quality E-Healthcare · doi:10.4018/ijrqeh.2015040105 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The efficacy of an EMR-enabled text messaging system to the expanded health beliefs, diabetes care profile and HbA1c of diabetes mellitus patients
Custodio, R., Victorino, J. N., & Estuar, M. R. J. E. (2018) · Procedia Computer Science · doi:10.1016/j.procs.2018.10.021 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“(2013) where the amount of social support received overall and received daily improved at 3 months and 6 months, while satisfaction with overall and daily social support improved only at 6 months [20, 21].”
The Role of Reciprocity and Directionality of Friendship Ties in Promoting Behavioral Change
Almaatouq, A., Radaelli, L., Pentland, A., & Shmueli, E. (2016) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-39931-7_4 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Mobile Health
Vasudevan, L., Zeller, K., & Labrique, A. B. (2018) · Health informatics · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-61446-5_2 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Formalizing Language Teacher Association Leadership Development
Curtis, A., & de Jong, E. J. (2018) · Second language learning and teaching · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-00967-0_18 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
[mSalUV: a new mobile messaging system for diabetes control in Mexico].
Mendoza, N. I. C., Enriquez, P. P. C., Demeneghi-Marini, V. P., Fernández-Luque, L., Morales‐Romero, J., Sainz-Vázquez, L., & León, M. C. O. (2014) · PubMed · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Quality Improvement in Cardiovascular Disease Care
Lee, E. S., Vedanthan, R., Jeemon, P., Kamano, J. H., Kudesia, P., Rajan, V., Engelgau, M. M., & Moran, A. E. (2017) · doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-0518-9/ch18 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Factors Motivating the Adoption of Self-Healthcare Monitoring Mobile Applications by the South African Youth
Ndayizigamiye, P., Soni, T. C., & Jere, N. (2018) · IST-Africa Week Conference · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Burden of Diabetes Mellitus and Role of Telemedicine in its Management: Narrative Review
Bano, G., Ali, S. A., Mawani, M., & Ali, S. A. (2016) · Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Research · doi:10.21767/2386-5180.1000113 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Examples of such technologies include television, computers, Internet [85,86] and mobile phones [87,88].”
Scaling up structured lifestyle interventions to improve the management of cardiometabolic diseases in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review of strategies, methods and outcomes
Shrestha, A., Yang, L., Demissie, G. D., Dhital, R., Jeemon, P., Ganeshkumar, P., Gupta, S., Karmacharya, B. M., Thankappan, K. R., Oldenburg, B. F., et al. (2025) · BMJ Public Health · doi:10.1136/bmjph-2024-001371 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
A Work-Based, Fully Remote, and Peer-Supported Exercise Snack Behavior Change Intervention (MOV’D): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial
Monteiro, A., Moore, J. B., Aikens, R. C., Duckworth, A. L., Gross, J. J., Schwartz, D., Baiocchi, M., Prochaska, J. J., & Oppezzo, M. (2025) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/64455 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Use of Mobile Electronic Devices for Public Health Data Collection and Syndromic Surveillance at the Republic Of Sierra Leone Armed Forces
Ansumana, R., Bockarie, A. S., Sankoh, P. S., Jacobsen, K. H., Koroma, A. H., Malanoski, A., Meehan, K. A., Łęski, T. A., Jimmy, D., Bangura, U., et al. (2013) · Sierra Leone Journal of Biomedical Research · doi:10.4314/sljbr.v5i1.2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Quality Improvement in Cardiovascular Disease Care
Lee, E. S., Vedanthan, R., Jeemon, P., Kamano, J. H., Kudesia, P., Rajan, V., Engelgau, M. M., & Moran, A. E. (2017) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-0518-9_ch18 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Caring through Conversations: Voice User Interfaces For Everyday Stress Care
Sainz, A. N., & Prabhakar, A. S. (2022) · doi:10.1145/3565494.3565495 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Role of Reciprocity and Directionality of Friendship Ties in Promoting Behavioral ChangePreprint
Almaatouq, A., Radaelli, L., Pentland, A., & Shmueli, E. (2016) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1610.03901 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Innovations in Chronic Disease Management (CDM) from Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs)
Parikh, H. (2013) · TSpace (University of Toronto) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
T1D REACHOUT–A Mobile App to Deliver Peer-Led Mental Health Support to Adults Living With Type 1 Diabetes: Co-Design and Development Process
Lee, S., Sidhu, B., Johal, P., Azhar, A., Sujan, J., Görges, M., & Tang, T. S. (2026) · JMIR Diabetes · doi:10.2196/71733 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Basic Services Reach Out Towards Under-Served Populations
Wetter, T. C. (2015) · Health informatics · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-19590-2_10 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Enhancing Peer Support Interventions in Diabetes Care
Tang, P. Y., & Fisher, E. B. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-33286-0_27 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Gender Differences in Peer Support in Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management: An International Qualitative Study
Okoro, F. (2019) · Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) · doi:10.17615/yw2v-nz92 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Establishing the needs of Type 1 diabetes users for mobile application design
Skinner, A. J. (2015) · doi:10.31274/etd-180810-4065
“Structured self-help groups are promising, allowing for ongoing patient education and tools for lifestyle change between peers (Rotheram-Borus et al., 2012).”
Influential
The dynamics of building a better society
Tapscott, C., Slembrouck, S., & Pokpas, L. (2014) · Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)
DIABETES E O FUTURO DO TRATAMENTO DIABETES AND THE FUTURE OF TREATMENT
Medina, J. L., Souto, S. B., & Ferreira, J. L. (2015)
The study on the awareness of mentoring program among lecturers: A case study of UNITEN
Saad, N. M. (2016) · IEEE International Conference on Engineering Education (ICEED) · doi:10.1109/iceed.2016.7856079

Peer support and mobile phone-based diabetes self-management education in a rural community in Tamil Nadu, India – a cluster randomized controlled trialPreprint
Subramaniam, S., Palanisamy, B., Chidambaram, P., Harikrishnan, A., & Gopichandran, V. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10255739/v1
The effectiveness of text messages support for diabetes self-management: protocol of the TEXT4DSM study in the democratic Republic of Congo, Cambodia and the Philippines
van Olmen, J., Ku, G. M., van Pelt, M. H., Kalobu, J. C., Heang, H., Darras, C., Acker, K. L. V., Villaraza, B., Schellevis, F., & Kegels, G. (2013) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-423 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Mobile-Enhanced Peer Support for African Americans with Type 2 Diabetes: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Presley, C. A., Agne, A. A., Shelton, T., Oster, R. A., & Cherrington, A. (2020) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-020-06011-w · Cited by 44 · see citing works
How Do Mobile Phone Diabetes Programs Drive Behavior Change?
Nundy, S., Mishra, A., Hogan, P. C., Lee, S. M., Solomon, M. C., & Peek, M. E. (2014) · The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care · doi:10.1177/0145721714551992 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Older Adult Self-Efficacy Study of Mobile Phone Diabetes Management
Quinn, C. C., Khokhar, B., Weed, K., Barr, E. A., & Gruber‐Baldini, A. L. (2015) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2014.0341 · Cited by 56 · see citing works

Authors: Rotheram-Borus, M. J., Tomlinson, M., Gwegwe, M., Comulada, W. S., Kaufman, N., & Keim, M.
Affiliations: Center for Community Health, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (Dr Rotheram-Borus, Dr Comulada)
University of California, Los Angeles (US)
ORCID: Tomlinson, Mark
Comulada, W. Scott
Kaufman, Neal
Venue: The Diabetes Educator
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2012-04-30
Volume: 38
Issue: 3
Pages: 357-365
ISSN: 0145-7217 (ISSN-L)
1554-6063
DOI: 10.1177/0145721712444617
PMC: PMC4059372
OpenAlex: W2146644753
Cited by: 108
References: 22
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 19.89
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (P30MH058107)
Topics: Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Keywords: diabetes self-management, peer support, mobile phone intervention, text messaging, women with diabetes, resource-limited settings, feasibility and acceptability, glycemic control, body mass index, sleep, coping, health-seeking behavior, diastolic blood pressure, Cape Town
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Feasibility Studies, Health Services Accessibility, Humans, Middle Aged, Monitoring, Physiologic, Motivation, Pilot Projects, Surveys and Questionnaires, Self Care, Social Support, South Africa, Health Behavior, Young Adult, Text Messaging

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Diabetes Buddies: Peer Support Through a Mobile Phone Buddy System

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