Pilot Mobile Phone Intervention in Promoting Type 2 Diabetes Management in an Urban Area in Ghana: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a nurse-led mobile phone call intervention on glycemic management and adherence to self-management practices among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Ghana. Methods: This was a pilot randomized controlled trial to compare diabetes care as usual to a mobile phone call intervention delivered by nurses in addition to care as usual over a 12-week period in a tertiary referral hospital in Ghana. Sixty patients with T2DM were randomized to either the intervention or the control arm. The intervention group received up to 16 mobile phone calls (mean duration = 12 minutes) from a diabetes specialist nurse in addition to their care as usual. The control group received only care as usual. The primary outcome was the change in A1C over the 12-week period. The secondary outcomes were changes in self-reported adherence to medication and diabetes self-management measures over the 12-week period. Results: Mean baseline A1C was comparable between the intervention and control groups (9.54%, SD = 2.00% vs 9.07%, SD = 1.72%, P = .334). After 12 weeks, A1C was significantly lower in the intervention group compared to the control group. The difference in mean A1C in the control group rose by +0.26 ± 1.30% ( P = .282; 95% CI, −0.23 to 0.75), whereas that of the intervention group reduced by −1.51 ± 2.67% ( P = .004; 95% CI, −2.51 to −0.51). No improvements in self-management were recorded in the control group. In the intervention group, however, the only significant improvement was recorded in the area of foot care practices. Participant recruitment and retention were 100% without any attrition. About 87% (n = 26) of the intervention group completed at least 70% (≥11) of the calls. At the end of the trial, participants who received the intervention rated their satisfaction as 89.3% on average. Conclusion: A mobile phone follow-up call by nurses emphasizing adherence to self-management practices is feasible and can improve short- to medium-term glycemic management among patients with T2DM.
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Three studies reporting medication adherence found significant between-group differences.
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Continuity of patient management in usual care is often not ensured due to time or space constraints.
“However, continuity of patient management in usual care is often not ensured due to time or space constraints.15”
From Effectiveness of synchronous teleconsultation for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [15]
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- Authors
- Asante, E., Bam, V., Diji, A. K.-A., Lomotey, A. Y., Owusu Boateng, A., Sarfo-Kantanka, O., Oparebea Ansah, E., & Adjei, D.
- Affiliations
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (GH)
- Department of Nursing, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Directorate of Medicine, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
- Corresponding author
- Asante, Ernest
- Venue
- The Diabetes Educator
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2020-09-30
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 455-464
- ISSN
- 0145-7217 (ISSN-L)
- 1554-6063
- OpenAlex
- W3090031674
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3
- FWCI
- 4.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, mobile phone intervention, glycemic control, HbA1c, medication adherence, diabetes self-management, foot care, feasibility, Ghana
- MeSH terms
- Self-Management, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Ghana, Health Promotion, Humans, Urban Population, Health Behavior, Treatment Outcome, Cell Phone, Medication Adherence
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