The Link between Leadership and Followership: How Affirming Social Identity Translates Vision into Action
Abstract
Two experiments test the hypothesis that support for leaders is enhanced when their decisions affirm a distinct social identity that is shared with followers. In Experiment 1, participants showed less support for a leader who favored ingroup members who were relatively sympathetic to an outgroup position than for one who favored ingroup members who opposed an outgroup position. This finding was replicated in Experiment 2, which also showed that this pattern extended to support for the leader’s novel plans. Although participants indicated that they supported a leader who behaved evenhandedly toward all ingroup members as much as one whose behavior was identity-affirming, they were unwilling to back up the evenhanded leader with written comments and arguments. These data suggest that leaders’ capacity to engender active followership is contingent on their ability to promote collective interests associated with a shared ingroup identity.
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Leaders who are seen as prototypical of the group ('one of us') and as acting for the interest of the group as a whole ('working for us'), rather than for themselves or for another group, tend to gain greater influence.
“Leaders who are seen as prototypical of the group ('one of us') and as acting for the interest of the group as a whole ('working for us'), rather than for themselves or for another group, tend to gain greater influence 203,204 .”
From Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response (2020) · cites this paper as [203]
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Smith, L. G. E., Amiot, C. E., Callan, V. J., Terry, D. J., & Smith, J. R. (2010) · British Journal of Management · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8551.2010.00728.x · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Identity Processes in Organizations
Haslam, S. A., & Ellemers, N. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-7988-9_30 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Dynamics of Personal and Social Identity Formation
Postmes, T., Baray, G., Haslam, S. A., Morton, T. A., & Swaab, R. I. (2006) · SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781446211946.n12 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Self-citationBerkovich, I., & Bogler, R. (2020) · Educational Management Administration & Leadership · doi:10.1177/1741143220907321 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Using Social and Behavioural Science to Support COVID-19 Pandemic ResponsePreprint
Bavel, J. J. V., D, K. B. A., Boggio, P. S., Capraro, V., Cichocka, A. K., Cikara, M., Crockett, M. J., Crum, A. J., Douglas, K. M., Druckman, J. N., et al. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4178356 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citationSteffens, N. K., Wolyniec, N., Okimoto, T. G., Mols, F., Haslam, S. A., & Kay, A. A. (2021) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2021.101498 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationThere is no leadership if no-one follows: Why leadership is necessarily a group process
Platow, M. J., Haslam, S. A., Reicher, S. D., & Steffens, N. K. (2015) · International Coaching Psychology Review · doi:10.53841/bpsicpr.2015.10.1.20 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationRisk communication and COVID-19 in Europe: lessons for future public health crises
Warren, G. W., & Löfstedt, R. E. (2021) · Journal of Risk Research · doi:10.1080/13669877.2021.1947874 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Ellemers, N., & Rink, F. A. (2005) · Advances in group processes · doi:10.1016/s0882-6145(05)22001-5 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Entrepreneurial competencies of undergraduate students: The case of universities in Nigeria
Okolie, U. C., Igwe, P. A., Ayoola, A. A., Nwosu, H. E., Kanu, C., & Mong, I. K. (2021) · The International Journal of Management Education · doi:10.1016/j.ijme.2021.100452 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Rethinking the Psychology of Leadership: From Personal Identity to Social Identity
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Self-citationSpears, R., Ellemers, N., & Doosje, B. (2005) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.248 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
The Social Validation and Coping Model of Organizational Identity Development
Smith, L. G. E., Amiot, C. E., Smith, J. R., Callan, V., & Terry, D. (2013) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206313488212 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
The Language of Coalition Formation in Online Multiparty Negotiations
Huffaker, D. A., Swaab, R. I., & Diermeier, D. A. (2010) · Journal of Language and Social Psychology · doi:10.1177/0261927x10387102 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Cicero, L., Pierro, A., & van Knippenberg, D. (2007) · Group Dynamics Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/1089-2699.11.3.165 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Bridging intragroup processes and intergroup relations: Needing the twain to meet
Dovidio, J. F. (2013) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12026 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Abrams, D., Travaglino, G. A., Marques, J. M., Pinto, I. R., & Levine, J. M. (2018) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/josi.12255 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Steffens, N., Schuh, S. C., Haslam, S. A., Perez, A., & van Dick, R. (2015) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2088 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationA Theory of Terrorist Leadership (and its Consequences for Leadership Targeting)
Freeman, M. (2014) · Terrorism and Political Violence · doi:10.1080/09546553.2012.751912 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
The Personality of Followers and its Effect on the Perception of Leadership
Schyns, B., & Felfe, J. (2006) · Small Group Research · doi:10.1177/1046496406293013 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Felfe, J., & Heinitz, K. (2009) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/13594320802708070 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Shared social identity in leadership
Reicher, S. D., Haslam, S. A., & Platow, M. J. (2018) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.08.006 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
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The emergence and effects of deviants in low and high status groups
Scheepers, D. T., Branscombe, N. R., Spears, R., & Doosje, B. (2002) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0022-1031(02)00506-1 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Modernizing public administration: the impact on organisational identities
Rondeaux, G. (2006) · International Journal of Public Sector Management · doi:10.1108/09513550610686636 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
- Authors
- Haslam, S. A., & Platow, M. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Exeter (GB)
- La Trobe University (AU)
- Venue
- Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2001-11
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1469-1479
- ISSN
- 0146-1672 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-7433
- OpenAlex
- W2155083800
- Cited by
- 328
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 19.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Power and Status Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Psychology of Social Influence
- Keywords
- leadership, followership, social identity, in-group favoritism, outgroup favoritism, leader support, collective identity, group decision making
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