The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Mapping the Intimate Relationship Mind: Comparisons between Three Models of Attachment Representations
Abstract
This study compared three models of how attachment working models might be cognitively represented. Model 1 posits that attachment representations consist of a single global working model summarizing attachment across specific relationships and domains. Model 2 proposes three independent working models for the relationship domains of family, platonic friendships, and romantic partners. Model 3 postulates that specific relationship models are nested under relationship domain representations that are, in turn, nested under an overarching global working model. Participants completed standard attachment scales for the relationship domains of family, platonic friendships, and romantic partners and also provided attachment ratings for three specific relationships within each domain. As expected, confirmatory factor analyses showed that Model 3 attained the best fit, regardless of analysis strategy, measurement strategy, gender, and relationship status. Implications are discussed.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model.
Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. (1991) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.61.2.226 · Cited by 8,384
Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process.
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.52.3.511 · Cited by 6,247 · cited 4×
“For each of the nine relationships reported, participants were asked to rate each of the original paragraphs denoting prototype attachment styles (secure, avoidant, and anxious/ ambivalent) designed by Hazan and Shaver (1987) on a single 7-point Likert-type scale indicating the extent to which each paragraph character…”
MethodInfluentialPractical issues in structural modeling
BENTLER, P. M., & CHOU, C.-P. (1987) · Sociological Methods & Research · doi:10.1177/0049124187016001004 · Cited by 5,804
La Guardia, J. G., Ryan, R. M., Couchman, C. E., & Deci, E. L. (2000) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.79.3.367 · Cited by 1,571 · cited 2×
“In addition, La Guardia et al. (2000) found that variability in attachment across partners (within individuals) was partly explained by the extent to which attachment-related needs, such as relatedness and autonomy, were met within each relation- ship.”
BackgroundBaldwin, M. W., Keelan, J. P. R., Fehr, B., & Enns, V. (1996) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.71.1.94 · Cited by 671
Research works printed but not linked: 35
- Anderson, S. M. & Berenson, K. R. (2001). Perceiving, feeling, and wanting: Experiencing prior relationships in present-day interpersonal relations. In J. P. Forgas, K. D. Williams, & L. Wheeler (Eds.), The social mind: Cognitive and motivational aspects of interpersonal behavior (pp. 231-256). New York: Cambridge University Press.
- 10.1111/j.1475-6811.1995.tb00090.x · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1037/0022-3514.71.1.94 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1521/soco.1999.17.2.209 · DOI
- 10.1037/0022-3514.61.2.226 · DOI · Paper page
- Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and Loss: Vol. 3. Loss. New York: Basic Books.
- Brennan, K. A., Clark, C. L. & Shaver, P. R. (1998). Self-report measurement of adult attachment: An integrative overview. In J. A. Simpson & W. S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationships (pp. 46-76). New York: Guilford.
- Browne, M. W. & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K. A. Bollen & J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp. 136-162). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
- Collins, N. L. & Read, S. J. (1994). Cognitive representations of attachment: The structure and function of working models. In K. Bartholomew & D. Perlman (Eds.), Attachment processes in adulthood: Vol. 5. Advances in personal relationships (pp. 53-90). London: Jessica Kingsley.
- 10.1177/0146167200267008 · DOI
- 10.1037/0022-3514.76.5.783 · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.76.5.783 · Paper page
- Feeney, J. A. (1999). Adult romantic attachments and couple relationships. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research and clinical applications (pp. 355-377). New York: Guilford.
- 10.2307/1130716 · DOI
- 10.1111/j.1475-6811.1997.tb00135.x · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1348/000711200160273 · DOI
- Griffin, D. W. & Bartholomew, K. (1994). The metaphysics of measurement: The case of adult attachment. In K. Bartholomew & D. Perlman (Eds.), Attachment processes in adulthood: Vol. 5. Advances in personal relationships (pp. 17-52). London: Jessica Kingsley.
- Hammond, J. R. & Fletcher, G. J. O. (1991). Attachment styles and relationship satisfaction in the development of close relationships. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 20, 56-62.
- Hazan, C. & Zeifman, D. (1999). Pairbonds as attachments. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research and clinical applications (pp. 336-354). New York: Guilford.
- 10.1111/j.1475-6811.1994.tb00058.x · DOI · Paper page
- 10.2307/1130395 · DOI
- 10.1207/s15327965pli0501_9 · DOI
- 10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.391 · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.391 · Paper page
- 10.1037/0033-2909.97.3.562 · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.97.3.562 · Paper page
- Marvin, R. S. & Britner, P. A. (1999). Normative development: The ontogeny of attachment. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research and clinical applications (pp. 44-67). New York: Guilford.
- 10.1037/0022-3514.77.4.710 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1037/0022-3514.80.4.613 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1207/s15327906mbr2301_3 · DOI · Paper page
- Shaver, P. R., Collins, N. & Clark, C. L. (1996). Attachment styles and internal working models of self and relationship partners. In G. J. O. Fletcher & J. Fitness (Eds.), Knowledge structures in close relationships: A social cognitive approach (pp. 25-62). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
- Shaver, P. R., Hazan, C. & Bradshaw, D. (1988). Love as attachment. In R. J. Sternberg & M. L. Barnes (Eds.), The psychology of love (pp. 68-99). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
- Simpson, J. A. & Rholes, W. S. (Eds.). (1998). Attachment theory and close relationships. New York: Guilford.
- 10.1037/0022-3514.62.3.434 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1177/0146167202288004 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1037/0022-3514.71.5.899 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1037/0022-3514.70.5.893 · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.70.5.893 · Paper page
- 10.1177/0265407597145002 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Fraley, R. C., Heffernan, M. E., Vicary, A. M., & Brumbaugh, C. C. (2011) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0022898 · Cited by 1,198
Fonagy, P., & Luyten, P. (2009) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579409990198 · Cited by 1,146
“, Fraley, 2007; Pierce & Lydon, 2001) supports a view of internal working models as hierarchically organized networks that contain both global and relationship-specific representations (Fonagy, 2001; Overall et al., 2003) or as distributed processes within a connectionistic network (Fraley, 2007).”
BackgroundPerceptions of Conflict and Support in Romantic Relationships: The Role of Attachment Anxiety
Campbell, L., Simpson, J. A., Boldry, J., & Kashy, D. A. (2005) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.88.3.510 · Cited by 725
Sibley, C. G., Fischer, R., & Liu, J. H. (2005) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167205276865 · Cited by 549
Sex Differences in Romantic Attachment: A Meta-Analysis
Del Giudice, M. (2011) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167210392789 · Cited by 441
Metadata
- Authors
- Overall, N. C., Fletcher, G. J. O., & Friesen, M. D.
- Venue
- Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2003-12
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1479-1493
- ISSN
- 0146-1672 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-7433
- OpenAlex
- W2088270829
- Cited by
- 267
- References
- 5
- FWCI
- 7.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Mapping the Intimate Relationship Mind: Comparisons between Three Models of Attachment Representations. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1177/0146167203251519
- The paper
- Overall, N. C., Fletcher, G. J. O., & Friesen, M. D. (2003). Mapping the Intimate Relationship Mind: Comparisons between Three Models of Attachment Representations. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167203251519
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.