Sex Differences in Romantic Attachment: A Meta-Analysis
Abstract
This article presents the first meta-analysis of sex differences in the avoidance and anxiety dimensions of adult romantic attachment, based on 113 samples (N = 66,132) from 100 studies employing two-dimensional romantic attachment questionnaires (Experiences in Close Relationships, Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised, and Adult Attachment Questionnaire). Overall, males showed higher avoidance and lower anxiety than females, with substantial between-study heterogeneity. Sex differences were much larger in community samples (bivariate D = .28) than in college samples (D = .12); web-based studies showed the smallest sex differences (D = .07) in the opposite direction. Sex differences also varied across geographic regions (overall Ds = .10 to .34). Sex differences in anxiety peaked in young adulthood, whereas those in avoidance increased through the life course. The relevance of these findings for evolutionary models of romantic attachment is discussed, and possible factors leading to underestimation of sex differences are reviewed.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Attachment anxiety and avoidance are moderately correlated, with an average correlation coefficient of r = 0.32.
“A meta-analysis of 100 studies of attachment anxiety and avoidance reported an average correlation coefficient of r = 0.32 [9].”
Cites
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Muller, K. E., & Cohen, J. (1989) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270020 · Cited by 99,588 · see citing works
Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences
Cohen, J. (1990) · Computers Environment and Urban Systems · doi:10.1016/0198-9715(90)90050-4 · Cited by 65,406 · see citing works
Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process.
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. R. (1987) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.52.3.511 · Cited by 8,782 · see citing works
Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., Skinner, R., Martin, J., & Clubley, E. (2001) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1005653411471 · Cited by 6,450 · see citing works
Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process.
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.52.3.511 · Cited by 6,247 · see citing works
On the generalized distance in statistics
Mahalanobis, P. C. (1936) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 6,068 · see citing works
Methods of Meta-Analysis: Correcting Error and Bias in Research Findings
Schmidt, F. L., & Hunter, J. E. (2015) · doi:10.4135/9781483398105 · Cited by 5,542 · see citing works
Adult attachment, working models, and relationship quality in dating couples.
Collins, N. L., & Read, S. J. (1990) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.58.4.644 · Cited by 3,678 · see citing works
Attachment theory and close relationships
(1998) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.35-6513 · Cited by 3,642 · see citing works
An Item-Response Theory Analysis of Self-Report Measures of Adult Attachment
Fraley, R. C., Waller, N. G., & Brennan, K. A. (2000) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.78.2.350 · Cited by 3,385 · see citing works
Hunter, J., & Schmidt, F. (2004) · doi:10.4135/9781412985031 · Cited by 3,023 · see citing works
Gender differences in personality traits across cultures: Robust and surprising findings.
Costa, P. T., Terracciano, A., & McCrae, R. R. (2001) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.81.2.322 · Cited by 2,986 · see citing works
Gosling, S. D., Vazire, S., Srivastava, S., & John, O. P. (2004) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.59.2.93 · Cited by 2,932 · see citing works
Belsky, J., Steinberg, L. D., & Draper, P. (1991) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01558.x · Cited by 2,532 · see citing works
Maesschalck, R. D., Jouan-Rimbaud, D., & Massart, D. L. (2000) · Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems · doi:10.1016/s0169-7439(99)00047-7 · Cited by 2,375 · see citing works
Belsky, J., Steinberg, L., & Draper, P. (1991) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1131166 · Cited by 1,780 · see citing works
Encyclopedia of Statistics in Behavioral Science
(2005) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/0470013192 · Cited by 1,472 · see citing works
Brown, A. B., & Patterson, D. A. (2001) · Cited by 1,396 · see citing works
The Adaptive Calibration Model of stress responsivity
Del Giudice, M., Ellis, B. J., & Shirtcliff, E. A. (2011) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.11.007 · Cited by 1,373 · see citing works
Simpson, J. A., Rholes, W. S., & Nelligan, J. S. (1992) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.62.3.434 · Cited by 1,315 · see citing works
Peterson, R. A. (2001) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/323732 · Cited by 1,258 · see citing works
Schmitt, D. P. (2005) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x05000051 · Cited by 974 · see citing works
Empirical Benchmarks for Interpreting Effect Sizes in Research
Hill, C. J., Bloom, H. S., Black, A. R., & Lipsey, M. W. (2008) · Child Development Perspectives · doi:10.1111/j.1750-8606.2008.00061.x · Cited by 950 · see citing works
Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2009) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616730902814762 · Cited by 917 · see citing works
Journal of Social and Personal Relationships
Duck, S. W. (2016) · Encyclopedia of Family Studies · doi:10.1002/9781119085621.wbefs442 · Cited by 899 · see citing works
Perceptions of Conflict and Support in Romantic Relationships: The Role of Attachment Anxiety
Campbell, L., Simpson, J. A., Boldry, J., & Kashy, D. A. (2005) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.88.3.510 · Cited by 725 · see citing works
The power of statistical tests in meta-analysis
Hedges, L. V., & Pigott, T. D. (2001) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.6.3.203 · Cited by 716 · see citing works
Wei, M., Russell, D. W., & Zakalik, R. A. (2005) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.52.4.602 · Cited by 622 · see citing works
Sex, attachment, and the development of reproductive strategies
Giudice, M. D. (2009) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x09000016 · Cited by 602 · see citing works
Match Makers and Deal Breakers: Analyses of Assortative Mating in Newlywed Couples
Watson, D., Klohnen, E. C., Casillas, A., Simms, E. N., Haig, J. R., & Berry, D. S. (2004) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.0022-3506.2004.00289.x · Cited by 506 · see citing works
Noftle, E. E., & Shaver, P. R. (2006) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2004.11.003 · Cited by 501 · see citing works
Wheelwright, S., Baron-Cohen, S., Goldenfeld, N., Delaney, J., Fine, D., Smith, R. J. H., Weil, L., & Wakabayashi, A. (2006) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2006.01.012 · Cited by 493 · see citing works
Adult attachment, sexual satisfaction, and relationship satisfaction: A study of married couples
BUTZER, B., & CAMPBELL, L. (2008) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2007.00189.x · Cited by 469 · see citing works
Validity of Web-Based Psychological Research
Krantz, J. H., & Dalal, R. S. (2000) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012099980-4/50003-4 · Cited by 425 · see citing works
DiTommaso, E., Brannen, C. L., & Best, L. A. (2004) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/0013164403258450 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Wei, M., Shaffer, P. A., Young, S. K., & Zakalik, R. A. (2005) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.52.4.591 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Human parental effort and environmental risk
Quinlan, R. J. (2006) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2006.3690 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
The heritability of life history strategy: The k‐factor, covitality, and personality
Figueredo, A. J., Vásquez, G., Brumbach, B. H., & Schneider, S. M. R. (2004) · Biodemography and Social Biology · doi:10.1080/19485565.2004.9989090 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Body Image in an Interpersonal Context: Adult Attachment, Fear of Intimacy and Social Anxiety
Cash, T. F., Thériault, J., & Annis, N. M. (2004) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.23.1.89.26987 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Attachment dimensions and sexual motives
Schachner, D. A., & Shaver, P. R. (2004) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2004.00077.x · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Associations between insecure attachment and sexual experiences
Gentzler, A. L., & Kerns, K. A. (2004) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2004.00081.x · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Sibley, C. G., & Liu, J. H. (2004) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(03)00165-x · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Jackson, J. J., & Kirkpatrick, L. A. (2007) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2007.04.005 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Toward a Broader View of Social Stereotyping.
Biernat, M. (2003) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.58.12.1019 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Relative Distribution Methods in the Social Sciences
Handcock, M. S., & Morris, M. M. (1999) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/b97852 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Differentiation of Self and Attachment in Adulthood: Relational Correlates of Effortful Control
Skowron, E. A., & Dendy, A. K. (2004) · Contemporary Family Therapy · doi:10.1023/b:coft.0000037919.63750.9d · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Overall, N. C., Fletcher, G. J. O., & Friesen, M. D. (2003) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167203251519 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
An evolutionary life-history framework for understanding sex differences in human mortality rates
Kruger, D. J., & Nesse, R. M. (2006) · Human Nature · doi:10.1007/s12110-006-1021-z · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Lopez, F. G., & Gormley, B. (2002) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.49.3.355 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Schmitt, D. P. (2003) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/1475-6811.00052 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Davis, D., Shaver, P. R., Widaman, K. F., Vernon, M., Follette, W. C., & Beitz, K. (2006) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2006.00130.x · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Gordon, I., Zagoory‐Sharon, O., Schneiderman, I., Leckman, J. F., Weller, A., & Feldman, R. (2008) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2008.00649.x · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Narcissism and Childhood Recollections: A Quantitative Test of Psychoanalytic Predictions
Otway, L. J., & Vignoles, V. L. (2006) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167205279907 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Personality and Individual Differences
Fellmann, F. (2020) · SpringerBriefs in sociology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-57351-5_5 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Fossati, A., Feeney, J. A., Donati, D., Donini, M., Novella, L., Bagnato, M., Acquarini, E., & Maffei, C. (2003) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/02654075030201003 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Life history variables and risk-taking propensity
Wang, X. T., Kruger, D. J., & Wilke, A. (2008) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2008.09.006 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Langhinrichsen‐Rohling, J., Palarea, R. E., Cohen, J., & Rohling, M. L. (2000) · Violence and Victims · doi:10.1891/0886-6708.15.1.73 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Attachment, sexual experience, and sexual pressure in romantic relationships: A dyadic approach
Brassard, A., Shaver, P. R., & Lussier, Y. A. (2007) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2007.00166.x · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Ein‐Dor, T., Mikulincer, M., Doron, G., & Shaver, P. R. (2010) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691610362349 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Adult Attachment and Patterns of Extradyadic Involvement
Allen, E. S., & Baucom, D. H. (2004) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/j.1545-5300.2004.00035.x · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Maunder, R., Lancee, W. J., Nolan, R. P., Hunter, J., & Tannenbaum, D. W. (2006) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2005.08.013 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Ehrenthal, J., Dinger, U., Lamla, A., Funken, B., & Schauenburg, H. (2009) · PPmP - Psychotherapie · Psychosomatik · Medizinische Psychologie · doi:10.1055/s-2008-1067425 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Genetic Correlates of Adult Attachment Style
Gillath, O., Shaver, P., Baek, J.-M., & Chun, D. S. (2008) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167208321484 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
The Development of Life History Strategies: Toward a Multi-Stage Theory
Giudice, M. D., & Belsky, J. (2010) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195372090.003.0006 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Sackett, P. R., Harris, M. M., & Orr, J. M. (1986) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.71.2.302 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Wei, M., Heppner, P. P., Russell, D. W., & Young, S. K. (2006) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.53.1.67 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
2. Relative Distribution Methods
Handcock, M. S., & Morris, M. (1998) · Sociological Methodology · doi:10.1111/0081-1750.00042 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Attachment style and two forms of affect coregulation between romantic partners
Butner, J., Diamond, L. M., & Hicks, A. M. (2007) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2007.00164.x · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Campbell, L., Simpson, J. A., Kashy, D. A., & Rholes, W. S. (2001) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407501186005 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Defensive pride and consensus: strength in imaginary numbers.
McGregor, I., Nail, P. R., Marigold, D. C., & Kang, S. (2005) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.89.6.978 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Parental/Social Influences on Perfectionism and Adult Attachment Orientations
Rice, K. G., Lopez, F. G., & Vergara, D. (2005) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2005.24.4.580 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Wei, M., Russell, D. W., Mallinckrodt, B. S., & Zakalik, R. A. (2004) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.51.4.408 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
A Spanish version of the Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR) adult attachment questionnaire
Alonso‐Arbiol, I., Balluerka, N., & Shaver, P. R. (2007) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2006.00141.x · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Dykas, M. J., Woodhouse, S. S., Cassidy, J. A., & Waters, H. S. (2006) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616730600856099 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
The Relations Among Varieties of Adult Attachment and the Components of Empathy
Britton, P. C., & Fuendeling, J. M. (2005) · The Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.3200/socp.145.5.519-530 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Investigating Validity Evidence for the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised Questionnaire
Fairchild, A. J., & Finney, S. J. (2006) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/0013164405278564 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Invariance of adult attachment across gender, age, culture, and socioeconomic status?
van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J. (2010) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407509360908 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
The Similarity of Siblings' Attachments to Their Mother
van IJzendoorn, M. H., Moran, G., Belsky, J., Pederson, D. R., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., & Kneppers, K. (2000) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00211 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Adult attachment orientations and college student distress: Test of a mediational model.
Lopez, F. G., Mitchell, P. J., & Gormley, B. (2002) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.49.4.460 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
What Are Effect Sizes and Why Do We Need Them?
Hedges, L. V. (2008) · Child Development Perspectives · doi:10.1111/j.1750-8606.2008.00060.x · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Relationships between sensory processing style, adult attachment, and coping
Jerome, E. M., & Liss, M. (2004) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2004.08.016 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Lange, P. A. M. V., Schippers, M. C., & Balliet, D. P. (2010) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.05.038 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Bradford, S. A., Feeney, J. A., & Campbell, L. (2002) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/1475-6811.00031 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Adult Attachment, Depressive Symptoms, and Validation From Self Versus Others.
Wei, M., Mallinckrodt, B. S., Larson, L. M., & Zakalik, R. A. (2005) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.52.3.368 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Attachment and emotional memory: investigating the source and extent of avoidant memory impairments.
Edelstein, R. S. (2006) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.6.2.340 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Evolution, pair-bonding, and reproductive strategies: A reconceptualization of adult attachment.
Kirkpatrick, L. A. (1998) · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Factors Associated with Relationship Satisfaction: Importance of Communication Skills
Eğeci, İ. S., & Gençöz, T. (2006) · Contemporary Family Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10591-006-9010-2 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Genes, Personality, and Attachment in Adults: A Multivariate Behavioral Genetic Analysis
Donnellan, M. B., Burt, S. A., Levendosky, A. A., & Klump, K. L. (2007) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167207309199 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Insecure Attachment, Gender Roles, and Interpersonal Dependency in the Basque Country
Alonso‐Arbiol, I., Shaver, P. R., & Yárnoz-Yaben, S. (2002) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/1475-6811.00030 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Attachment and trait forgivingness: The mediating role of angry rumination
Burnette, J. L., Taylor, K. W., Worthington, E. L., & Forsyth, D. R. (2006) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2006.10.033 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
I can’t get no satisfaction: How bundling and multi-part pricing can satisfy consumers and suppliers
Bodily, S. E., & Mohammed, R. (2006) · Electronic Commerce Research · doi:10.1007/s10660-006-6957-x · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Sex Differences in Attachment Emerge in Middle Childhood: An Evolutionary Hypothesis
Giudice, M. D., & Belsky, J. (2010) · Child Development Perspectives · doi:10.1111/j.1750-8606.2010.00125.x · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Profiles and Correlates of Relational Aggression in Young Adults’ Romantic Relationships
Goldstein, S. E., Chesir-Teran, D., & McFaul, A. F. (2007) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-007-9255-6 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Evolution of Paternal Investment
Geary, D. C. (2015) · doi:10.1002/9781119125563.evpsych120 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Attachment styles, shame, guilt, and collaborative problem‐solving orientations
Lopez, F. G., Gover, M. R., Leskela, J., Sauer, E. M., Schirmer, L., & Wyssmann, J. (1997) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.1997.tb00138.x · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Beyond the borders of reality: Attachment orientations and sexual fantasies
Birnbaum, G. E. (2007) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2007.00157.x · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Crawford, T. N., Shaver, P. R., Cohen, P. R., Pilkonis, P. A., Gillath, O., & Kasen, S. (2006) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi.2006.20.4.331 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Picardi, A., Caroppo, E., Toni, A., Bitetti, D., & Maria, G. D. (2005) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1348/147608305x26882 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Figueredo, A. J., & Jacobs, W. J. (2011) · Cited by 78 · see citing works
On the Real Magnitude of Psychological Sex Differences
Giudice, M. D. (2009) · Evolutionary Psychology · doi:10.1177/147470490900700209 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
David, D. H., & Lyons‐Ruth, K. (2005) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.20033 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
Fitzgibbon, B. M., Enticott, P. G., Rich, A. N., Giummarra, M. J., Georgiou‐Karistianis, N., & Bradshaw, J. L. (2011) · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Jan Conradi, H., Gerlsma, C., Duijn, M. V., & Jonge, P. D. (2006) · The European Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4321/s0213-61632006000400006 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Ben-Ari, A. T., & Lavee, Y. (2005) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/0002-9432.75.4.621 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
The Relation Between Anxiety Sensitivity and Attachment Style in Adolescence and Early Adulthood
Weems, C. F., Berman, S. L., Silverman, W. K., & Rodriguez, E. T. (2002) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1023/a:1016058600416 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Sanford, K., & Rowatt, W. C. (2004) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2004.00086.x · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Lopez, F. G. (2001) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.48.4.440 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Choose Your Own Adventure: Attachment Dynamics in a Simulated Relationship
Vicary, A. M., & Fraley, R. C. (2007) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167207303013 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Bouthillier, D., Julien, D., Dubé, M., Bélanger, I., & Hamelin, M. (2002) · Journal of Adult Development · doi:10.1023/a:1020291011587 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Schmitt, D. P. (2008) · Cross-Cultural Research · doi:10.1177/1069397108317485 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Hawley, P. H., Shorey, H. S., & Alderman, P. M. (2009) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407509347939 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Early Abuse Experiences and Subsequent Gender Differences in Couple Adjustment
Godbout, N., Lussier, Y., & Sabourin, S. (2006) · Violence and Victims · doi:10.1891/0886-6708.21.6.744 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Brumbaugh, C. C., & Fraley, R. C. (2007) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2007.00169.x · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Rogers, W. S., Bidwell, J., & Wilson, L. (2005) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-005-5988-8 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Brosnan, M. (2006) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1348/000712605x85808 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Bartz, J. A., & Lydon, J. E. (2006) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.91.1.77 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
The role of partner characteristics in attachment insecurity and depressive symptoms
Whiffen, V. E. (2005) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2005.00123.x · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Evolution of Paternal Investment
Geary, D. C. (2015) · doi:10.1002/9780470939376.ch16 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Sibley, C. G. (2006) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2006.03.002 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Bailey, R. D., Foote, W. E., & Throckmorton, B. (2000) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012099980-4/50007-1 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Coping as a mediator between interparental conflict and adolescents' romantic attachment
Rodrigues, L. N., & Kitzmann, K. M. (2007) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407507077230 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Attachment-related dynamics: What can we learn from self-reports of avoidance and anxiety?
Feeney, J. A. (2002) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616730210157475 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Relations Between Anxiety Sensitivity and Attachment Style Dimensions
Watt, M. C., McWilliams, L. A., & Campbell, A. G. (2005) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-005-0635-5 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Testing a conceptual model of working through self-defeating patterns.
Wei, M., & Ku, T. (2007) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.54.3.295 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Sibley, C. G., & Overall, N. C. (2008) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2008.06.004 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Selçuk, E., Günaydın, G., Sümer, N., & Uysal, A. (2005) · Türk Psikoloji Yazıları · Cited by 31 · see citing works
The precarious couple effect: Verbally inhibited men + critical, disinhibited women = bad chemistry.
Swann, W. B., Rentfrow, P. J., & Gosling, S. D. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.6.1095 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
To err is human: Embarrassment, attachment, and communication apprehension
Withers, L. A., & Vernon, L. L. (2005) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.06.018 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Constructing the Japanese version of the Adult Attachment Style Scale (ECR)
Nakao, T., & Kato, K. (2004) · The Japanese journal of psychology · doi:10.4992/jjpsy.75.154 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Adult attachment orientations: Relation to affiliation motivation
Schwartz, J. P., Lindley, L. D., & Buboltz, W. C. (2007) · Counselling Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1080/09515070701308480 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Being religious implies being different in humour: evidence from self- and peer-ratings
Saroglou, V. (2004) · Mental Health Religion & Culture · doi:10.1080/13674670310001606469 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
(2018) · Türk Psikoloji Yazıları · doi:10.31828/tpy · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Sibley, C. G., & Overall, N. C. (2006) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2006.10.002 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Attachment Priming and Avoidant Personality Features as Predictors of Social-Evaluation Biases
Bowles, D. P., & Meyer, B. (2008) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi.2008.22.1.72 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Sibley, C. G., & Liu, J. H.-F. (2006) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2006.00116.x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
How Measurement Error Affects the Interpretation and Understanding of Effect Sizes
Burchinal, M. (2008) · Child Development Perspectives · doi:10.1111/j.1750-8606.2008.00062.x · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Human reproductive strategies: An emerging synthesis?
Giudice, M. D. (2009) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x09000272 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Penke, L. (2009) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x0900020x · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Gender difference of insecure attachment: Universal or culture-specific?
Li, N., Hu, J., & Li, T. (2009) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x09000181 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Tempelhof, T. C., & Allen, J. S. (2008) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2008.02.016 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Moreira, J. M., Lind, W., Santos, M. J., Moreira, A. R., Gomes, M. J., Justo, J. M. R. D. M., Oliveira, A. P., Filipe, L. A., & Faustino, M. (2013) · Laboratório de Psicologia · doi:10.14417/lp.760 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Huberty, C. J. (2005) · Encyclopedia of Statistics in Behavioral Science · doi:10.1002/0470013192.bsa359 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Attachment, reproduction, and life history trade-offs: A broader view of human mating
Beckes, L., & Simpson, J. A. (2009) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x09000041 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Personality and attachment to romantic partners
Marušić, I., Kamenov, Ž., & Jelić, M. (2006) · Institute for Social Research in Zagreb Repository (Institut za Društvena Istraživanja Sveučilišta u Zagrebu) · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Attributions as a Mediator Between Attachment Style and Couple Relationship Outcomes
Pearce, Z. (2005) · Griffith Research Online · doi:10.25904/1912/3699 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Fire and Ice: Partner Aggression and Withdrawal
O'Rourke, P. (2007) · Griffith Research Online · doi:10.25904/1912/3338 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Empirically derived guidelines for effect size interpretation in social psychology
Lovakov, A. V., & Рафиковна, А. Е. (2021) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2752 · Cited by 692 · see citing works
Evaluating gender similarities and differences using metasynthesis.
Zell, E., Križan, Z., & Teeter, S. R. (2015) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0038208 · Cited by 438 · see citing works
Behavioural syndromes and social insects: personality at multiple levels
Jandt, J. M., Bengston, S. E., Pinter‐Wollman, N., Pruitt, J. N., Raıne, N. E., Dornhaus, A., & Sih, A. (2013) · Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · doi:10.1111/brv.12042 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
The reality and evolutionary significance of human psychological sex differences
Archer, J. (2019) · Biological Reviews · doi:10.1111/brv.12507 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Parents’ Self-Reported Attachment Styles
Jones, J. D., Cassidy, J. A., & Shaver, P. R. (2014) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868314541858 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Selecting the Best Items for a Short-Form of the Experiences in Close Relationships Questionnaire
Lafontaine, M., Brassard, A., Lussier, Y., Valois, P., Shaver, P. R., & Johnson, S. M. (2015) · European Journal of Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000243 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
From the Cradle to the Grave: Age Differences in Attachment From Early Adulthood to Old Age
Chopik, W. J., Edelstein, R. S., & Fraley, R. C. (2013) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2012.00793.x · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Canetto, S. S., & Chen, J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108561716.042 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism
Rohmann, E., Neumann, E., Herner, M. J., & Bierhoff, H. (2011) · European Psychologist · doi:10.1027/1016-9040/a000100 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Selçuk, E., Vivian Zayas, A., Günaydın, G., Hazan, C., & Kross, E. F. (2012) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0028125 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Overall, N. C., Simpson, J. A., & Struthers, H. (2013) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0031798 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Relationship Duration Moderates Associations Between Attachment and Relationship Quality
Hadden, B. W., Smith, C. V., & Webster, G. D. (2013) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868313501885 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Jones, J. D., Fraley, R. C., Ehrlich, K. B., Stern, J. A., Lejuez, C. W., Shaver, P. R., & Cassidy, J. A. (2017) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.12775 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Sex differences in attachment styles
Giudice, M. D. (2018) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.02.004 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Schmitt, D. P. (2014) · Evolutionary psychology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-09384-0_11 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Fitzpatrick, J., & Lafontaine, M. (2017) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/pere.12203 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Spielmann, S. S., Maxwell, J. A., MacDonald, G., & Baratta, P. L. (2013) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167212472541 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Spencer, C. M., Keilholtz, B. M., & Stith, S. M. (2020) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/famp.12545 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Sex Differences in Attachment Emerge in Middle Childhood: An Evolutionary Hypothesis
Giudice, M. D., & Belsky, J. (2010) · Child Development Perspectives · doi:10.1111/j.1750-8606.2010.00125.x · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Muise, A., Christofides, E., & Desmarais, S. (2014) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/pere.12014 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Doumen, S., Smits, I., Luyckx, K., Duriez, B., Vanhalst, J., Verschueren, K., & Goossens, L. (2012) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2012.01.003 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Sensitivity to CT-optimal, Affective Touch Depends on Adult Attachment Style
Krahé, C., Mohr, M. V., Gentsch, A., Guy, L., Vari, C., Nolte, T., & Fotopoulou, A. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-32865-6 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Moreira, H., Martins, T., Gouveia, M. J., & Canavarro, M. C. (2014) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2014.950377 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Ebner, N. C., Lin, T., Muradoglu, M., Weir, D. H., Plasencia, G. M., Lillard, T. S., Pournajafi-Nazarloo, H., Cohen, R. A., Sue Carter, C., & Connelly, J. J. (2019) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.01.008 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Esbjørn, B. H., Pedersen, S. H., Daniel, S. I. F., Hald, H. H., Holm, J. M., & Steele, H. (2013) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjc.12024 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Neave, N., Tyson, H., McInnes, L., & Hamilton, C. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.067 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
The Mediating Role of Parental Reflective Functioning in Child Social–emotional Development
Nijssens, L., Vliegen, N., & Luyten, P. (2020) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-020-01767-5 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Barbaro, N., & Shackelford, T. K. (2016) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260516640548 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Romantic attachment style and borderline personality pathology: A meta-analysis.
Smith, M., & South, S. (2019) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101781 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Bröning, S., & Wartberg, L. (2022) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2021.106996 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Machiavellianism and Adult Attachment in General Interpersonal Relationships and Close Relationships
Ináncsi, T., Láng, A., & Bereczkei, T. (2015) · Europe’s Journal of Psychology · doi:10.5964/ejop.v11i1.801 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Romantic attachment and relationship functioning in same-sex couples.
Mohr, J. J., Selterman, D. F., & Fassinger, R. E. (2013) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0030994 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Verbeke, W., Pozharliev, R., Strien, J. W. V., Belschak, F., & Bagozzi, R. (2014) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00486 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Transferring connections: Friend and sibling attachments' importance in the lives of singles
Brumbaugh, C. C. (2017) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/pere.12195 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Mediators of the Link between Adult Attachment and Mindfulness
Caldwell, J. G., & Shaver, P. R. (2013) · Interpersona: An International Journal on Personal Relationships · doi:10.5964/ijpr.v7i2.133 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Attachment in Middle Childhood: An Evolutionary-Developmental Perspective
Giudice, M. D. (2015) · New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development · doi:10.1002/cad.20101 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Flow on the Internet: a longitudinal study of Internet addiction symptoms during adolescence
Stavropoulos, V., Griffiths, M. D., Burleigh, T. L., Kuss, D. J., Doh, Y. Y., & Gomez, R. (2018) · Behaviour & Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2018.1424937 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Age Differences in Romantic Attachment Around the World
Chopik, W. J., & Edelstein, R. S. (2014) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550614538460 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
A Systematic Review and New Analyses of the Gender-Equality Paradox
Herlitz, A., Hönig, I., Hedebrant, K., & Asperholm, M. (2025) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/17456916231202685 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
“One study in the new analyses (Del Giudice, 2011) and two in the old analyses (Schmitt, 2008; Schmitt et al., 2003) examined Attachment.”
InfluentialAdolescent Peer Relationship Qualities as Predictors of Long-Term Romantic Life Satisfaction
Allen, J. P., Narr, R. K., Kansky, J., & Szwedo, D. E. (2019) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.13193 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Are insecure attachment styles related to risky sexual behavior? A meta-analysis.
Kim, H. M., & Miller, L. C. (2019) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0000821 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Gander, M., George, C. C., Pokorný, D., & Buchheim, A. (2016) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-016-0639-2 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Debrot, A., Stellar, J. E., MacDonald, G., Keltner, D., & Impett, E. A. (2021) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167220977709 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
The moderation effect of mindfulness on the relationship between adult attachment and wellbeing
Davis, T. J., Morris, M., & Drake, M. M. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.02.080 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Moreira, H., & Canavarro, M. C. (2015) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.07.021 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Barbaro, N., Sela, Y., Atari, M., Shackelford, T. K., & Zeigler‐Hill, V. (2018) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407517749330 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Early parental loss and intimate relationships in adulthood: A nationwide study.
Høeg, B. L., Johansen, C., Christensen, J., Frederiksen, K., Dalton, S. O., Dyregrov, A., Bøge, P., Dencker, A., & Bidstrup, P. E. (2018) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0000483 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Why do they hook up? Attachment style and motives of college students
Snapp, S. D., Lento, R. M., Ryu, E., & Rosen, K. S. (2014) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/pere.12043 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Insecure romantic attachment dimensions and frequency of mate retention behaviors
Barbaro, N., Pham, M. N., Shackelford, T. K., & Zeigler‐Hill, V. (2016) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/pere.12146 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Love, A. B., & Holder, M. D. (2015) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-015-9700-2 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
The Body Speaks: Using the Mirror Game to Link Attachment and Non-verbal Behavior
Feniger‐Schaal, R., Hart, Y., Lotan, N., Koren‐Karie, N., & Noy, L. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01560 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Maternal nurturance predicts decreases in attachment avoidance in emerging adulthood
Chopik, W. J., Moors, A. C., & Edelstein, R. S. (2014) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2014.08.004 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Molero, F. J., Shaver, P. R., Fernández, I., Alonso‐Arbiol, I., & Recio, P. (2016) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/pere.12117 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Agocha, V. B., Asencio, M. W., & Decena, C. U. (2013) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/14194-006 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Tadros, E., & Ansell, A. (2022) · Journal of Forensic Sciences · doi:10.1111/1556-4029.14976 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Nordmo, M., Næss, J. Ø., Husøy, M. F., & Arnestad, M. N. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00355 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Gleeson, G., & Fitzgerald, A. (2014) · Health · doi:10.4236/health.2014.613196 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Barbaro, N., Boutwell, B. B., Barnes, J. C., & Shackelford, T. K. (2016) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000066 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Sadikaj, G., Moskowitz, D. S., & Zuroff, D. C. (2015) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.1988 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Insecure attachment predicts depression and death anxiety in advanced cancer patients
Scheffold, K., Philipp, R., Koranyi, S., Engelmann, D., Schulz‐Kindermann, F., Härter, M. C., & Mehnert, A. (2017) · Palliative & Supportive Care · doi:10.1017/s1478951517000281 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Labadie, C., Godbout, N., Vaillancourt-Morel, M.-P., & Sabourin, S. (2017) · Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy · doi:10.1080/0092623x.2017.1405302 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
The roles of attachment and resilience in perceived stress in medical students
Thompson, G., Wrath, A. J., Trinder, K. M., & Adams, G. C. (2018) · Canadian Medical Education Journal · doi:10.36834/cmej.43204 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Sexual Functioning in Young Women and Men: Role of Attachment Orientation
Dunkley, C. R., Dang, S. S., Chang, S., & Gorzalka, B. B. (2015) · Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy · doi:10.1080/0092623x.2015.1061075 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Volatility in daily relationship quality
Cooper, A. N., Totenhagen, C. J., McDaniel, B. T., & Curran, M. A. (2017) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407517690038 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Fossati, A., Gratz, K. L., Borroni, S., Maffei, C., Somma, A., & Carlotta, D. (2014) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.09.023 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Measuring Sex Differences and Similarities
Giudice, M. D. (2022) · Focus on sexuality research · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-84273-4_1 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Ein‐Dor, T., & Perry‐Paldi, A. (2013) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12035 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
It takes one to know one: Relationship between lie detection and psychopathy
Lyons, M. T., Healy, N., & Bruno, D. (2013) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2013.05.018 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Jones, J. D., Ehrlich, K. B., Lejuez, C. W., & Cassidy, J. A. (2015) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/fam0000070 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Adolescent Attachment Profiles Are Associated With Mental Health and Risk-Taking Behavior
Flykt, M., Vänskä, M., Punamäki, R.-L., Heikkilä, L., Tiitinen, A., Poikkeus, P., & Lindblom, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.761864 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Guzmán‐González, M., Rivera-Ottenberger, D., Brassard, A., Spencer, R., & Lafontaine, M. (2020) · Psicologia Reflexão e Crítica · doi:10.1186/s41155-020-00145-w · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Conradi, H. J., Noordhof, A., Dingemanse, P., Barelds, D. P. H., & Kamphuis, J. H. (2017) · Journal of Marital and Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/jmft.12222 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
A Prototype-Based Model of Adult Attachment for Clinicians
Maunder, R., & Hunter, J. (2012) · Psychodynamic Psychiatry · doi:10.1521/pdps.2012.40.4.549 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Cortisol Stress Response Variability in Early Adolescence: Attachment, Affect and Sex
Cameron, C. A., McKay, S. L., Susman, E. J., Wynne‐Edwards, K. E., Wright, J. M., & Weinberg, J. (2016) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-016-0548-5 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Powell, E. M., Frankel, L. A., Umemura, T., & Hazen, N. L. (2017) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2017.02.006 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Favez, N., Tissot, H., Ghisletta, P., Golay, P., & Notari, S. C. (2016) · Swiss Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1024/1421-0185/a000177 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Weber, R., Eggenberger, L., Stosch, C., & Walther, A. (2022) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs12070204 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
A Serbian Version of Modified and Revised Experiences in Close Relationships Scale (SM–ECR–R)
Hanak, N., & Dimitrijević, A. (2013) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2013.778271 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Gender differences, attachment styles, self-esteem and romantic relationships in Thailand
Wongpakaran, T., Wongpakaran, N., & Wedding, D. (2012) · International Journal of Intercultural Relations · doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2011.12.001 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Spencer, R., Guzmán‐González, M., Fresno, A., & Ramos, N. (2013) · Terapia psicológica · doi:10.4067/s0718-48082013000300006 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Nyström, M. B. T., Kjellberg, E., Heimdahl, U., & Jonsson, B. (2018) · Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic · doi:10.1521/bumc.2018.82.2.137 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Stöven, L. M., & Herzberg, P. Y. (2021) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407520982671 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Kayrouz, R., Karin, E., Staples, L., Dear, B. F., Nielssen, O. B., & Titov, N. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-06848-7 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Graetz, C., Ehrenthal, J. C., Senf, D., Semar, K., Herzog, W., & Dörfer, C. E. (2013) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/jcpe.12159 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Harma, M., & Sümer, N. (2015) · Journal of Family Studies · doi:10.1080/13229400.2015.1024711 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Edelstein, R. S., Kean, E. L., & Chopik, W. J. (2012) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2011.11.007 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Ben‐Yaakov, O., Shlomo, S. B., & Keini, N. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-02721-y · Cited by 32 · see citing works
The association between adult attachment and problematic Internet use: A three-level meta-analysis
Niu, X., Xie, Y., Gou, L.-X., King, D. L., Gu, J., & Wang, J. (2023) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2023.107957 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Wegner, R., Roy, A. R. K., Gorman, K. R., & Ferguson, K. (2018) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.02.033 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Brugnera, A., Zarbo, C., Farina, B., Picardi, A., Greco, A., Coco, G. L., Tasca, G. A., Carlucci, S., Auteri, A., Greco, F., et al. (2019) · Research in Psychotherapy Psychopathology Process and Outcome · doi:10.4081/ripppo.2019.392 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Bloxsom, C. A. J., Firth, J., Kibowski, F., Egan, V., Sumich, A. L., & Heym, N. (2021) · Forensic Science International Mind and Law · doi:10.1016/j.fsiml.2021.100045 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Sex differences in romantic attachment: A facet-level analysis
Giudice, M. D. (2015) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.09.004 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Multivariate Misgivings: Is D a Valid Measure of Group and Sex Differences?
Giudice, M. D. (2013) · Evolutionary Psychology · doi:10.1177/147470491301100511 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Role of Marital Adjustment in Associations Between Romantic Attachment and Coparenting
Young, M., Riggs, S. A., & Kaminski, P. L. (2017) · Family Relations · doi:10.1111/fare.12245 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Recovery from conflict and revival of intimacy in cohabiting couples
Prager, K. J., Shirvani, F. K., Poucher, J. W., Cavallin, G., Truong, M. V. N., & García, J. J. (2015) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/pere.12082 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Bajoghli, H., Joshaghani, N., Gerber, M., Mohammadi, M.-R., Holsboer‐Trachsler, E., & Brand, S. (2012) · International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice · doi:10.3109/13651501.2012.697564 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Family-of-origin, romantic attachment, and marital adjustment: a path analysis model
Muraru, A. A., & Turliuc, M. N. (2012) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.01.089 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Heterogeneity Coefficients for Mahalanobis' D as a Multivariate Effect Size
Giudice, M. D. (2016) · Multivariate Behavioral Research · doi:10.1080/00273171.2016.1262237 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Hoenicka, M. A. K., López-de-la-Nieta, O., Rubio, J. L. M., Shinohara, K., Neoh, M. J. Y., Dimitriou, D., Esposito, G., & Iandolo, G. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0278185 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Dion, J., Gervais, J., Bigras, N., Blackburn, M.-È., & Godbout, N. (2019) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-019-01073-4 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
- Authors
- Del Giudice, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Turin, Torino, Italy,
- Venue
- Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2011-01-14
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 193-214
- ISSN
- 0146-1672 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-7433
- OpenAlex
- W2131783775
- Cited by
- 441
- References
- 146
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 70 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 2.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ArTS Archivio della ricerca di Trieste (University of Trieste https://www.units.it/) (submittedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Keywords
- sex differences, romantic attachment, attachment avoidance, attachment anxiety, adult attachment, Experiences in Close Relationships, life course, regional variation
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Anxiety, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Love, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Psychological, Object Attachment, Personality Disorders, Psychological Tests, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sex Factors, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review