The experiences in close relationships—Relationship Structures Questionnaire: A method for assessing attachment orientations across relationships.

Fraley, R. Chris; Heffernan, Marie E.; Vicary, Amanda M.; Brumbaugh, Claudia Chloe

doi:10.1037/a0022898

Cited by 1,198Attachment and Relationship DynamicsPersonality Traits and PsychologyPsychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research

The experiences in close relationships—Relationship Structures Questionnaire: A method for assessing attachment orientations across relationships.

Fraley, R. Chris, Heffernan, Marie E., Vicary, Amanda M., Brumbaugh, Claudia Chloe·2011·Psychological Assessment

DOI 10.1037/a0022898

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Abstract

Most research on adult attachment is based on the assumption that working models are relatively general and trait-like. Recent research, however, suggests that people develop attachment representations that are relationship-specific, leading people to hold distinct working models in different relationships. The authors report a measure, the Relationship Structures questionnaire of the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-RS; R. C. Fraley, N. G. Waller, & K. A. Brennan, 2000), that is designed to assess attachment dimensions in multiple contexts. Based on a sample of over 21,000 individuals studied online, it is shown that ECR-RS scores are reliable and have a structure similar to those produced by other measures. In Study 2 (N = 388), it is shown that relationship-specific measures of attachment generally predict intra- and interpersonal outcomes better than broader attachment measures but that broader measures predict personality traits better than relationship-specific measures. Moreover, it is demonstrated that differentiation in working models is not related to psychological outcomes independently of mean levels of security.

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The ECR-RS has good internal consistency and factor validity.
“Previous research suggests the ECR-RS has good internal consistency and factor validity [56].”
From Evaluating attachment-based family therapy in residential treatment in the United States: does adolescents' increased attachment security to caregivers lead to decreases in depressive symptoms? (2024) · cites this paper as [56]
The ECR-RS has well-established psychometric qualities, with reliability (Cronbach's alpha ranged from .85 to .92) and validity.
“The psychometric qualities of the ECR-RS are well established. Fraley et al. (2011) provided evidence of its reliability (Cronbach's alpha ranged from .85 to .92) and validity.”
From Exploring the link between maternal attachment-related anxiety and avoidance and mindful parenting: The mediating role of self-compassion. (2016) · cites this paper as Fraley et al. (2011)

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“…insecurity was assessed globally rather than in relation to the therapeutic relationship, despite evidence that attachment orientations vary across relational contexts and that relationship-specific measures may better predict therapeutic processes (Baldwin et al. 1996; Fraley et al. 2011).”

Authors: Fraley, R. C., Heffernan, M. E., Vicary, A. M., & Brumbaugh, C. C.
Affiliations: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
Queens College, CUNY (US)
Corresponding author: Fraley, R. Chris
ORCID: Fraley, R. Chris
Heffernan, Marie E.
Brumbaugh, Claudia Chloe
Venue: Psychological Assessment
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2011-09
Volume: 23
Issue: 3
Pages: 615-625
ISSN: 1040-3590 (ISSN-L)
1939-134X
DOI: 10.1037/a0022898
OpenAlex: W2151427716
Cited by: 1,198
References: 45
Citations by year: 2026: 102 · 2025: 113 · 2024: 98 · 2023: 115 · 2022: 112 · 2021: 126 · 2020: 98 · 2019: 77 · 2018: 90 · 2017: 63 · 2016: 60 · 2015: 52 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 15
FWCI: 40.02
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychological Assessment (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Digital Commons at Illinois Wesleyan University (Illinois Wesleyan University) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Science Foundation (0443783)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
Keywords: adult attachment, attachment working models, Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised, attachment security, personality traits, interpersonal outcomes
MeSH terms: Adult, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Object Attachment, Psychological Tests, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sex Factors, Reproducibility of Results

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The experiences in close relationships—Relationship Structures Questionnaire: A method for assessing attachment orientations across relationships.

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