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The Ultimate Attribution Error: Extending Allport's Cognitive Analysis of Prejudice
Abstract
Allport's The Nature of Prejudice is a social psychological classic. Its delineation of the components and principles of prejudice remains modern, especially its handling of cognitive factors. The volume's cognitive contentions are outlined, and then extended with an application from attribution theory. An "ultimate attribution error" is proposed: (1) when prejudiced peonle perceive what they regard as a negative act by an outgroup member, they will more than others attribute it dispositionally, often as genetically determined, in comparison to the same act by an ingroup member: (2) wlhen prejudiced people perceive what they regard as a positive act by an outaroup member, they will more than others attribute it in comparison to the same act by an ingroup member to one or more of the following: (a) "the exceptional case," (b) luck or special advantage, (c) hig,h motivation and effort, and (d) manipulable situational context. Predictions are advanced as to which of these responses will be adopted and under which conditions the phenomenon will be magnified.
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Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.185.4157.1124 · Cited by 28,810
Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.
Rotter, J. B. (1966) · Psychological Monographs: General and Applied · doi:10.1037/h0092976 · Cited by 21,937
From acts to dispositions the attribution process in person perception
Jones, E. E., & Davis, K. E. (1965) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60107-0 · Cited by 3,424
Some Effects of Proportions on Group Life: Skewed Sex Ratios and Responses to Token Women
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Cited by
Social psychology of intergroup relations
Tajfel, H. (1982) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.33.020182.000245 · Cited by 7,949
Culture and cause: American and Chinese attributions for social and physical events.
Morris, M. W., & Peng, K. (1994) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.67.6.949 · Cited by 1,537
Social Identity Theory's Self-Esteem Hypothesis: A Review and Some Suggestions for Clarification
Rubin, M., & Hewstone, M. (1998) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0201_3 · Cited by 689
Language use in intergroup contexts: The linguistic intergroup bias.
Maass, A., Salvi, D., Arcuri, L., & Semin, G. R. (1989) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.981 · Cited by 654
The ‘ultimate attribution error’? A review of the literature on intergroup causal attribution
Hewstone, M. (1990) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2420200404 · Cited by 615
Metadata
- Authors
- Pettigrew, T. F.
- Venue
- Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1979-10
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 461-476
- ISSN
- 0146-1672 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-7433
- OpenAlex
- W2034953542
- Cited by
- 1,184
- References
- 5
- FWCI
- 22.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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