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The Development of a Rasch-Type Loneliness Scale
Open accessAbstract
This paper describes an attempt to construct a measuring instrument for loneliness that meets the cri teria of a Rasch scale. Rasch (1960, 1966) proposed a latent trait model for the unidimensional scaling of di chotomous items that does not suffer from the inade quacies of classical approaches. The resulting Rasch scale of this study, which is based on data from 1,201 employed, disabled, and jobless adults, consists of five positive and six negative items. The positive items assess feelings of belongingness, whereas the negative items apply to three separate aspects of miss ing relationships. The techniques for testing the as sumptions underlying the Rasch model are compared with their counterparts from classical test theory, and the implications for the methodology of scale con struction are discussed.
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“It is likely that studies with more comprehensive measures of loneliness (e.g., the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale [de Jong-Gierveld & Kamphuls, 1985)] or the UCLA loneliness scale [Russell, 1996]) are better able to detect associations between loneliness and subsequent cognitive decline.”
From Longitudinal Associations Between Loneliness and Cognitive Ability in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (2019) · cites this paper as de Jong-Gierveld & Kamphuls, 1985
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“factor analyses of the 20-item UCLA Loneliness Scale have revealed anywhere from two to five dimensions, with second-order factor analyses yielding a single hierarchical loneliness construct.”
From Loneliness and health in older adults: a mini-review and synthesis (2016) · cites this paper as [11]
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Social Relationships and Mortality Risk: A Meta-analytic Review
Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T. B., & Layton, J. B. (2010) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000316 · Cited by 7,272
Loneliness and Social Isolation as Risk Factors for Mortality: A Meta-Analytic Review
Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T. B., Baker, M., Harris, T., & Stephenson, D. (2015) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691614568352 · Cited by 6,043
Pilkonis, P. A., Choi, S. W., Reise, S. P., Stover, A. M., Riley, W. T., Cella, D., & PROMIS Cooperative Group (2011) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191111411667 · Cited by 2,132
“…measures of psychological symptoms and psychopathology has a 30-year history (Bejar, 1977; D. C. Clark, vonAmmon Cavanaugh, & Gibbons, 1983; de Jong-Gierveld & Kamphuis, 1985; Gibbons, Clark, vonAmmon Cavanaugh, & Davis, 1985; Thissen & Steinberg, 1983), although the conceptual basis for IRT…”
BackgroundWang, J., Mann, F., Lloyd-Evans, B., Ma, R., & Johnson, S. (2018) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-018-1736-5 · Cited by 1,494
“Psychometrically robust self-report measures of loneliness have been developed and used extensively in research on physical health and on older people, including the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale [21] and the de Jong-Gierveld Loneliness Scale [22].”
MethodEssential elements of questionnaire design and development
Rattray, J. E., & Jones, M. C. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2006.01573.x · Cited by 1,487
“Rasch scaling is a similar type of scale, e.g. De Jong Gierveld and Kamphuis (1985) and Kline (1993).”
Method
Metadata
- Authors
- de Jong-Gierveld, J., & Kamphuls, F.
- Affiliations
- Free University, Amsterdam
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Venue
- Applied Psychological Measurement
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1985-09
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 289-299
- ISSN
- 0146-6216 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-3497
- OpenAlex
- W1928146223
- Cited by
- 1,291
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 84 · 2025: 96 · 2024: 94 · 2023: 108 · 2022: 119 · 2021: 91 · 2020: 73 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 51 · 2015: 56 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 1.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- purl.umn.edu
- Locations
- Applied Psychological Measurement (publishedVersion)
- University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- loneliness, Rasch model, scale development, latent trait models, dichotomous items, sense of belonging, classical test theory comparison
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