Oral Glutamine Decreases Bacterial Translocation and Improves Survival in Experimental Gut‐Origin Sepsis
Abstract
Background: Glutamine has been shown to be an important dietary component for the maintenance of gut metabolism. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential benefit of glutamine‐enriched diets on experimental gut‐derived sepsis. Methods: BALB/c mice were fed either 2% glutamine‐supplemented or 1% glycine‐supplemented (near‐isonitrogenous control) AIN‐76A diets. Control mice received either nonsupplemented AIN‐76A or regular Purina Rodent Laboratory Mouse Chow 5001 diets. After 10 days of feeding, the mice were transfused with allogeneic blood (from C3H/HeJ mice), and the feeding protocols were continued for an additional 5 days. The mice then underwent gavage with 10 10 Escherichia coli labeled with either indium‐111 oxine or [14 C]glucose followed immediately by a 20% burn injury. Some mice were observed 10 days postburn for survival rates. Others were killed 4 hours after burn, and the mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, and spleen were harvested to determine radionuclide and bacterial colony counts. The percentages of viable translocated E coli were also calculated. Results: Mice fed glutamine‐enriched diets had a lower degree of translocation (as measured by both radionuclide and bacterial counts) to the tissues than did the other groups and had an improvement in the ability to kill translocated E coli (as measured by the percentage of viable bacteria). Survival was significantly higher in the group fed 2% glutamine (81%) compared with the groups fed 1% glycine (36%), AIN‐76A (35%), and Purina Rodent Laboratory Mouse Chow 5001 (36%) diets (p <.004). Conclusions: Glutamine‐supplemented enteral diets may exert important benefits in preventing gut‐origin sepsis after trauma (Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 19:69–74, 1995)
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Glutamine supplementation can offer a therapeutic approach for critical illnesses.
“Under these conditions, several studies have reported that glutamine supplementation can offer a therapeutic approach for these critical illnesses145–147.”
From Glutamine reliance in cell metabolism (2020) · cites this paper as [146]
Cites
Uptake and Metabolism of Plasma Glutamine by the Small Intestine
Windmueller, H. G., & Spaeth, A. E. (1974) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)42329-6 · Cited by 791 · see citing works
The gut: a central organ after surgical stress.
Wilmore, D. W., Smith, R. J., O’Dwyer, S., Jacobs, D. O., Ziegler, T. R., & Wang, X. D. (1988) · PubMed · Cited by 604 · see citing works
Glutamine Metabolism by the Intestinal Tract
Souba, W. W., Smith, R. J., & Wilmore, D. W. (1985) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/0148607185009005608 · Cited by 508 · see citing works
Glutamine metabolism in lymphocytes of the rat
Ardawi, M. S., & Newsholme, E. A. (1983) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj2120835 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
The Process of Microbial Translocation
ALEXANDER, J. W., Boyce, S. T., Babcock, G. F., Gianotti, L. V., Peck, M. D., Dunn, D. L., Pyles, T., Childress, C. P., & ASH, S. K. (1990) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000658-199010000-00012 · Cited by 436 · see citing works
Self-citationEndotoxemia and Bacteremia During Hemorrhagic Shock The Link Between Trauma and Sepsis?
Rush, B. F., Sori, A., Murphy, T. F., Smith, S. M. R., Flanagan, J. J., & Machiedo, G. W. (1988) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000658-198805000-00009 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
Souba, W. W., Klimberg, V. S., Plumley, D. A., Salloum, R. M., Flynn, T. C., Bland, K. I., & Copeland, E. M. (1990) · Journal of Surgical Research · doi:10.1016/0022-4804(90)90080-l · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Indium-111-labeled autologous leukocytes in man.
Thakur, M. L., Jp, L., Arnot, R. N., Dj, S., & Segal, A. W. (1977) · PubMed · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Marshall, J. C. (1988) · Archives of Surgery · doi:10.1001/archsurg.1988.01400270043006 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Effect of a Glutamine‐Supplemented Enteral Diet on Methotrexate‐Induced Enterocolitis
Fox, A. D., Kripke, S. A., Paula, J. D., Berman, J. M., Settle, R. G., & Rombeau, J. L. (1988) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/0148607188012004325 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Glutamine-Supplemented Total Parenteral Nutrition Improves Gut Immune Function
Burke, D. J. (1989) · Archives of Surgery · doi:10.1001/archsurg.1989.01410120042009 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Prophylactic glutamine protects the intestinal mucosa from radiation injury
Klimberg, V. S., Souba, W. W., Dolson, D. J., Salloum, R. M., Hautamaki, R. D., Plumley, D. A., Mendenhall, W. M., Bova, F. J., Khan, S. R., Hackett, R. L., et al. (1990) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19900701)66:1 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Klimberg, V. S. (1990) · Archives of Surgery · doi:10.1001/archsurg.1990.01410200104017 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Ardawi, M. S. M., & Newsholme, E. A. (1982) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj2080743 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Oral glutamine reduces bacterial translocation following abdominal radiation
Souba, W. W., Klimberg, V. S., Hautamaki, R. D., Mendenhall, W. H., Bova, F. J., Howard, R. J., Bland, K. I., & Copeland, E. M. (1990) · Journal of Surgical Research · doi:10.1016/0022-4804(90)90136-p · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Gianotti, L. V., Alexander, J., Pyles, T., & Fukushima, R. (1993) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000658-199306000-00006 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Self-citationGianotti, L. V., Alexander, J. W., Nelson, J. L., Fukushima, R., Pyles, T., & Chalk, C. (1994) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-199402000-00018 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Self-citationRole of the Macrophage in the Translocation of Intestinal Bacteria
Wells, C. L. (1987) · Archives of Surgery · doi:10.1001/archsurg.1987.01400130054008 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Distribution and Survival of Escherichia coli Translocating from the Intestine After Thermal Injury
ALEXANDER, J. W., Gianotti, L. V., Pyles, T., Carey, M. A., & Babcock, G. F. (1991) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000658-199106000-00005 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Self-citationAlverdy, J. C., Aoys, E., & Moss, G. J. (1990) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/014860719001400101 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Barber, A. E., Jones, W. G., Minei, J. P., Fahey, T. J., Moldawer, L. L., Rayburn, J., Fischer, E., Keogh, C. V., Shires, G. T., & Lowry, S. F. (1990) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/0148607190014004335 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Enzyme-induced asparagine and glutamine depletion and immune system function
Kafkewitz, D., & Bendich, A. (1983) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/37.6.1025 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Fukushima, R., Gianotti, L. V., ALEXANDER, J. W., & Pyles, T. (1992) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000658-199210000-00007 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationInoue, Y., Grant, J. P., & Snyder, P. J. (1993) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/014860719301700141 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Impact of blood transfusion and burn injury on microbial translocation and bacterial survival
Gianotti, L. V., F'YLES, T., Alexander, J., Babcock, G. F., & Carey, M. A. (1992) · Transfusion · doi:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1992.32492263443.x · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationCosmesis and Local Control After Irradiation in Women Treated Conservatively for Breast Cancer
Steeves, R. A. (1989) · Archives of Surgery · doi:10.1001/archsurg.1989.01410120015004 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Reduction of bacterial translocation with oral fibroblast growth factor and sucralfate
Gianotti, L. V., Alexander, J. W., Fukushima, R., & Pyles, T. (1993) · The American Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0002-9610(05)80425-8 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationWells, C. L., Jechorek, R. P., ERLANDSEN, S. L., Lavin, P. T., & Cerra, F. B. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Taudou, G., Wiart, J., & Panijel, J. (1983) · Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1016/0161-5890(83)90064-0 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Glutamine reliance in cell metabolism
Yoo, H. C., Yu, Y. C., Sung, Y., & Han, J. M. (2020) · Experimental & Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1038/s12276-020-00504-8 · Cited by 1,021 · see citing works
Glutamine supplementation in serious illness: A systematic review of the evidence*
Novak, F. J., Heyland, D. K., Avenell, A., Drover, J., & Su, X. (2002) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-200209000-00011 · Cited by 713 · see citing works
Gianotti, L. V., Braga, M., Nespoli, L. C., Radaelli, G., Beneduce, A. A., & Carlo, V. D. (2002) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/gast.2002.33587 · Cited by 503 · see citing works
Self-citationContribution of microbial amino acids to amino acid homeostasis of the host
Metges, C. C. (2000) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/130.7.1857s · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Perioperative Immunonutrition in Patients Undergoing Cancer Surgery
Braga, M. (1999) · Archives of Surgery · doi:10.1001/archsurg.134.4.428 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Déchelotte, P., Hasselmann, M., Cynober, L., Allaouchiche, B., Coëffier, M., Hecketsweiler, B., Merle, V., Mazerolles, M., Samba, D., Guillou, Y. M., et al. (2006) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000201004.30750.d1 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Alpha-Ketoglutarate: Physiological Functions and Applications
Wu, N., Yang, M., Gaur, U., Xu, H., Yao, Y., & Li, D. (2015) · Biomolecules & Therapeutics · doi:10.4062/biomolther.2015.078 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Wischmeyer, P. E., Lynch, J., Liedel, J., Wolfson, R., Riehm, J., Gottlieb, L. J., & Kahana, M. D. (2001) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-200111000-00006 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Immunonutrition in critically ill patients: a systematic review and analysis of the literature
Marik, P. E., & Zaloga, G. P. (2008) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-008-1213-6 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Intestinal permeability and systemic infections in critically ill patients: Effect of glutamine*
De-Souza, D. A., & Greene, L. J. (2005) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000162680.52397.97 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Protective nutrients and functional foods for the gastrointestinal tract
Duggan, C., Gannon, J. L., & Walker, W. A. (2002) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/75.5.789 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Glutamine induces heat shock protein and protects against endotoxin shock in the rat
Wischmeyer, P. E., Kahana, M. D., Wolfson, R., Ren, H., Musch, M. M., & Chang, E. B. (2001) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.2001.90.6.2403 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Artificial nutrition after major abdominal surgery
Braga, M., Gianotti, L. V., Vignali, A., Cestari, A., Bisagni, P., & Carlo, V. D. (1998) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-199801000-00012 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Self-citationGianotti, L. V. (1997) · Archives of Surgery · doi:10.1001/archsurg.1997.01430350072012 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Self-citationReview article: bacterial translocation in the critically ill – evidence and methods of prevention
Gatt, M., REDDY, B. S., & Macfie, J. M. (2006) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.03174.x · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Enteral nutrition in intensive care patients: a practical approach
Working Group on Nutrition and Metabolism, E., Jolliet, P., Pichard, C., Biolo, G., Chioléro, R. L., GRIMBLE, G. K., Leverve, X. M., Nitenberg, G., Novák, I., Planás, M., et al. (1998) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s001340050677 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Human milk as a carrier of biochemical messages
Bernt, K., & Walker, W. A. (1999) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1999.tb01298.x · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Gianotti, L. V., Braga, M., Fortis, C., Soldini, L., Vignali, A., Colombo, S., Radaelli, G., & Carlo, V. D. (1999) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/0148607199023006314 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Self-citationGlutamine and heat shock protein expression
Wischmeyer, P. E. (2002) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/s0899-9007(01)00796-1 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
López, E. A., Zand, N., Ojo, O., Snowden, M. J., & Kochhar, T. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13082498 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Acquired Amino Acid Deficiencies: A Focus on Arginine and Glutamine
Morris, C. R., Hamilton‐Reeves, J. M., Martindale, R. G., Sarav, M., & Ochoa, J. B. (2017) · Nutrition in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1177/0884533617691250 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Singleton, K. D., Beckey, V. E., & Wischmeyer, P. E. (2005) · Shock · doi:10.1097/01.shk.0000185795.96964.71 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Heyland, D. K., Dhaliwal, R., Day, A. G., Muscedere, J., Drover, J., Suchner, U., Cook, D., & Canadian Critical Care Trials Group (2006) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1079/pns2006505 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Hall, J. C., Heel, K. A., & McCauley, R. (1996) · British journal of surgery · doi:10.1002/bjs.1800830306 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Glutamine dipeptides in clinical nutrition
Fürst, P., Pogan, K., & Stehle, P. (1997) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/s0899-9007(97)83035-3 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Singleton, K. D., & Wischmeyer, P. E. (2007) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00755.2006 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Proceedings of the International Consensus Meeting on Periprosthetic Joint Infection
Gehrke, T. A., & Parvizi, J. (2014) · The Journal of Arthroplasty · doi:10.1016/j.arth.2013.09.024 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
The impact of breastmilk on infant and child health.
Oddy, W. H. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Enteral nutrition in intensive care patients: a practicalapproach
Jolliet, P., Pichard, C., Biolo, G., Chioléro, R. L., GRIMBLE, G. K., Leverve, X. M., Nitenberg, G., Novák, I., Planás, M., Preiser, J., et al. (1999) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/s0261-5614(99)80049-1 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
A prospective randomized trial of enteral glutamine in critical illness
Hall, J. C., DOBB, G. J., Hall, J., de Sousa, R., Brennan, L., & McCauley, R. (2003) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-003-1937-2 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Dai, S., Wang, L. K., Wen, A. Y., Wang, L. X., & Jin, G. M. (2009) · British Poultry Science · doi:10.1080/00071660902806947 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Feeding the Hemodynamically Unstable Patient: A Critical Evaluation of the Evidence
Zaloga, G. P., Roberts, P. R., & Marik, P. E. (2003) · Nutrition in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1177/0115426503018004285 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Dai, S., Gao, F., Zhang, W. H., Song, S., Xinglian, X., & Zhou, G. (2011) · Animal Feed Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.03.005 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Hayashi, Y., Sawa, Y., Fukuyama, N., Nakazawa, H. K., & Matsuda, H. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000035651.72240.07 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Manhart, N., Vierlinger, K., Spittler, A., Bergmeister, H., Sautner, T., & Roth, E. (2001) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000658-200107000-00014 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
THE GUT'S ROLE IN METABOLISM, MUCOSAL BARRIER FUNCTION, AND GUT IMMUNOLOGY
DeWitt, R. C., & Kudsk, K. A. (1999) · Infectious Disease Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70086-6 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Therapeutic considerations of L-glutamine: a review of the literature.
Miller, A. L. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Role of L-glutamine in critical illness: new insights
Kelly, D., & Wischmeyer, P. E. (2003) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/00075197-200303000-00011 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Chen, Q., Yang, Y., He, H., Xie, J., Cai, S., Liu, A., Wang, H., & Qiu, H.-B. (2014) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/cc13185 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Ewaschuk, J. B., Murdoch, G. K., Johnson, I. R., Madsen, K. L., & Field, C. J. (2011) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114511001152 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Twardowska, A., Makaro, A., Binienda, A., Fichna, J., & Sałaga, M. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23063204 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Immunonutrition in gastric cancer surgical patients
Braga, M., Gianotti, L. V., Vignali, A., & Carlo, V. D. (1998) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/s0899-9007(98)00103-8 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citation(1998) · doi:10.1177/0148607198022006393 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Pharmacological Nutrition After Burn Injury
De-Souza, D. A., & Greene, L. J. (1998) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/128.5.797 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Finco, C., Magnanini, P., Sarzo, G., Vecchiato, M., Luongo, B., Savastano, S., Bortoliero, M., Barison, P., & Merigliano, S. (2007) · Surgical Endoscopy · doi:10.1007/s00464-007-9238-4 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Safety of Enteral Feedings in Critically Ill Children Receiving Vasoactive Agents
Panchal, A. K., Manzi, J., Connolly, S., Christensen, M. A., Wakeham, M., Goday, P. S., & Mikhailov, T. (2014) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/0148607114546533 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Early Enteral Nutrition in Patients With Hemodynamic Failure Following Cardiac Surgery
Lasierra, J. L. F., Pérez-Vela, J. L., Makikado, L. D. U., Sánchez, E. T., Gómez, L. C., Rodríguez, B. M., López, P. A., de la Cámara, A. G., & González, J. C. M. (2013) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/0148607113504219 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Fischer, C. P., & Hong, J. C. (2006) · Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.gassur.2005.07.017 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Omura, K., Hirano, K., Kanehira, E., Kaito, K., Tamura, M., Nishida, S., Kawakami, K., & Watanabe, Y. (2000) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000658-200001000-00016 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Marik, P., & Varon, J. (2001) · Disease-a-month : DM · doi:10.1067/mda.2001.119745 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Nutritional and clinical efficacy of ornithine alphaketog-ketoglutaratein severe burn patients
Donati, L., Ziegler, F., PONGELLI, G., & SIGNORINI, M. (1999) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/s0261-5614(98)80029-0 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Gennari, R., Alexander, J., & Eaves-Pyles, T. D. (1995) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/0148607195019004319 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationRopeleski, M. J., Riehm, J., Baer, K. A., Musch, M. W., & Chang, E. B. (2005) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.05.017 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Nose, K., Yang, H., Sun, X., Nose, S., Koga, H., Feng, Y., Miyasaka, E., & Teitelbaum, D. H. (2009) · Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research · doi:10.1089/jir.2009.0046 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Perspectives of glutamine and its derivatives as feed additives for farm animals
Pierzynowski, S. G., & Sjödin, A. M. (1998) · Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences · doi:10.22358/jafs/69957/1998 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Potsic, B., Holliday, N. P., Lewis, P., Samuelson, D., DeMarco, V. G., & Neu, J. (2002) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1203/00006450-200209000-00021 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Glutamine: is it a conditionally required nutrient for the human gastrointestinal system?
Buchman, A. L. (1996) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.1996.10718590 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Gennari, R., & Alexander, J. W. (1997) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-199707000-00024 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationSandini, M., Nespoli, L. C., Oldani, M., Bernasconi, D. P., & Gianotti, L. V. (2015) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu7010481 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationNovel Substrates to Maintain Gut Integrity
Gardiner, K. R., Kirk, S., & Rowlands, B. J. (1995) · Nutrition Research Reviews · doi:10.1079/nrr19950006 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Boccardi, V., & Marano, L. (2024) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2024.102272 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Effects of alanyl-glutamine on gut barrier function
Bai, M.-X., Jiang, Z., Liu, Y.-W., Wang, W., Li, D., & Wilmore, D. W. (1996) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/s0899-9007(96)00217-1 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Effects of glutamine supplementation on innate immune response in rats with gut-derived sepsis
Yeh, S., Lai, Y.-N., Shang, H.-F., Lin, M., & Chen, W.-J. (2004) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn20031069 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Li, Y., Li, J., Jiang, J., Liu, F., Li, N., Qin, W., & Zhu, H. (1999) · Journal of Surgical Research · doi:10.1006/jsre.1998.5525 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Duggan, C., Stark, A. R., Auestad, N., Collier, S. B., Fulhan, J., Gura, K. M., Utter, S., Teixeira-Pinto, A. M., Donovan, K., & Lund, D. P. (2004) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2004.05.013 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Alanyl-glutamine dipeptide inhibits hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats
Jia, C. (2006) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v12.i9.1373 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Tsai, P.-H., Liu, J., Chiu, W., Pai, M., & Yeh, S. (2010) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2010.07.005 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Patterns of Bacterial Translocation in Experimental Biliary Obstruction
White, J. S., Hoper, M., Parks, R. W., Clements, W. D. B., & Diamond, T. (2006) · Journal of Surgical Research · doi:10.1016/j.jss.2005.07.026 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Schlegel, L., Coudray‐Lucas, C., Barbut, F., Boucher, J. L., Jardel, A., Zarrabian, S., & Cynober, L. (2000) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/130.12.2897 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Dawoodbhoy, F. M., Patel, B. K., Patel, K. H., Bhatia, M., Lee, C. N., & Moochhala, S. (2020) · Shock · doi:10.1097/shk.0000000000001654 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Glutamine prevents oxidative stress in a model of mesenteric ischemia and reperfusion
Zabot, G. P. (2014) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v20.i32.11406 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Aosasa, S., Mochizuki, H., Yamamoto, T., Ono, S., & Ichikura, T. (1999) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/014860719902300511 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Nutritional considerations to counteract gastrointestinal permeability during exertional heat stress
King, M. A., Rollo, I., & Baker, L. B. (2021) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00072.2021 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Tian, J. J., Hao, L., Chandra, P., Jones, D. P., Willams, I. R., Gewirtz, A. T., & Ziegler, T. R. (2008) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.90233.2008 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Fan, J., Meng, Q., Guo, G., Xie, Y., Xiu, Y., Li, T., Feng, W., & Ma, L. (2008) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2008.08.009 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Horio, Y., Osawa, S., Takagaki, K., Hishida, A., Furuta, T., & Ikuma, M. (2008) · Cytokine · doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2008.06.011 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Li, Y., Xu, P., Yu, B., Liu, F., Ni, X., & LI, J. (2009) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.04068.x · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Long-term health outcomes and mechanisms associated with breastfeeding
Oddy, W. H. (2002) · Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research · doi:10.1586/14737167.2.2.161 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Williams, E. A., Elia, M., & Lunn, P. G. (2007) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/86.2.421 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Bacterial translocation during enteral and parenteral nutrition
Alexander, J. (1998) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1079/pns19980056 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationMANAGEMENT OF INFECTIONS IN THE TRAUMA PATIENT
Rabinowitz, R. P., & Caplan, E. S. (1999) · Surgical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0039-6109(05)70083-9 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Manhart, N., Vierlinger, K., Akomeah, R., Bergmeister, H., Spittler, A., & Roth, E. (2000) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1054/clnu.2000.0123 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Pattanshetti, V. M., Powar, R. S., Godhi, A., & Metgud, S. (2009) · Indian Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1007/s12262-009-0056-x · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Chen, A. F., Haddad, F. S., Lachiewicz, P. F., Bolognesi, M. P., Cortés, L. E. L., Franceschini, M., Gallo, J., Glynn, A. A., Valle, A. G. D., Gahramanov, A., et al. (2013) · The Journal of Arthroplasty · doi:10.1016/j.arth.2013.09.051 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Ribeiro, S. R., Pinto, P. E., de Miranda, A. C., Bromberg, S. H., Lopasso, F. P., & Irya, K. (2004) · Revista do Hospital das Clínicas · doi:10.1590/s0041-87812004000600007 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Hou, Y., Liu, J., Pai, M., Tsou, S., & Yeh, S. (2013) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2013.05.004 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Diets and Infection: Composition and Consequences
Alexander, J. W., Ogle, C. K., & Nelson, J. L. (1998) · World Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1007/s002689900371 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationNiederlechner, S., Baird, C. H., Petrie, B., Wischmeyer, E., & Wischmeyer, P. E. (2012) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00418.2012 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Murphy, C. G., Chen, G., Winter, D. C., & Bouchier‐Hayes, D. J. (2007) · Acta Orthopaedica · doi:10.1080/17453670710014220 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Prevention of bacterial translocation using glutamine: a new strategy of investigation
de Oliveira, M. A., Lemos, D. S., Fernandes, S. O. A., Coelho, J. V., & Cardoso, V. N. (2006) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2005.11.010 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Glutamine Metabolism Supports the Functional Activity of Immune Cells against Aspergillus fumigatus
Antunes, D., Gonçalves, S. M., Matzaraki, V., Rodrigues, C. S., Gonçales, R. A., Rocha, J., Sáiz, J., Marques, A., Torrado, E., Silvestre, R., et al. (2022) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.02256-22 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Lenaerts, K., Mariman, E. C. M., Bouwman, F. G., & Renes, J. (2006) · PROTEOMICS · doi:10.1002/pmic.200500692 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Hou, Y., Hsu, C.-S., Yeh, C., Chiu, W., Pai, M., & Yeh, S. (2005) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.04.007 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Total splanchnic resuscitation, SIRS, and MODS
Marik, P. E. (1999) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-199902000-00023 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Juang, P., Fish, D. N., Jung, R., & MacLaren, R. (2006) · Pharmacotherapy The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy · doi:10.1592/phco.27.1.11 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Medeiros, A. C., Chacon, D. D. A., Sales, V. S. D. F., do Egito, E. S. T., Brandão‐Neto, J., Pinheiro, L. A. M., & Carvalho, M. R. (2006) · Journal of Investigative Surgery · doi:10.1080/08941930500444453 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Alexander, J. W., Levy, A. E., Custer, D. A., Valente, J. F., Babcock, G. F., Ogle, C. K., & Schroeder, T. (1998) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/0148607198022003152 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationJung, S. E., Youn, Y., Lim, Y.-S., Song, H.-G., Rhee, J.-E., & Suh, G. (2003) · Journal of Korean Medical Science · doi:10.3346/jkms.2003.18.1.17 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Chen, J., Yang, H., Long, L., Zhao, Y., Jiang, Q., Wu, F., Kang, B., Liu, S., Adebowale, T. O., Fu, C., et al. (2017) · Animal Feed Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.03.017 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Tissue-specific reprogramming of glutamine metabolism maintains tolerance to sepsis
Leitner, B. P., Lee, W. D., Zhu, W., Zhang, X., Gaspar, R. C., Li, Z., Rabinowitz, J. D., & Perry, R. J. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0286525 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
- Authors
- Gianotti, L., Alexander, J. W., Gennari, R., Pyles, T., & Babcock, G. F.
- Affiliations
- University of Milan (IT)
- University of Cincinnati (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1995-01
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 69-74
- ISSN
- 0148-6071 (ISSN-L)
- 1941-2444
- OpenAlex
- W2027495250
- Cited by
- 194
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 12.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ai012936-20)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI12936)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Burn Injury Management and Outcomes
- Keywords
- glutamine supplementation, bacterial translocation, Escherichia coli, burns, enteral nutrition, glycine, survival, mesenteric lymph nodes
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Burns, Enteral Nutrition, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli Infections, Female, Glutamine, Indium Radioisotopes, Liver, Lymph Nodes, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mice, Inbred C3H, Spleen, Colony Count, Microbial, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
