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Cited by 2,331Leadership and Management in OrganizationsJob Satisfaction and Organizational BehaviorWorkplace Spirituality and Leadership

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 119 of the 121 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Servant Leadership: A Review and Synthesis

van Dierendonck, Dirk·2011·Journal of Management
DOI 10.1177/0149206310380462
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Abstract

Servant leadership is positioned as a new field of research for leadership scholars. This review deals with the historical background of servant leadership, its key characteristics, the available measurement tools, and the results of relevant studies that have been conducted so far. An overall conceptual model of servant leadership is presented. It is argued that leaders who combine their motivation to lead with a need to serve display servant leadership. Personal characteristics and culture are positioned alongside the motivational dimension. Servant leadership is demonstrated by empowering and developing people; by expressing humility, authenticity, interpersonal acceptance, and stewardship; and by providing direction. A high-quality dyadic relationship, trust, and fairness are expected to be the most important mediating processes to encourage self-actualization, positive job attitudes, performance, and a stronger organizational focus on sustainability and corporate social responsibility.

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Crossref · 10.1177/0149206310380462

Cites

119 of 119 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Citations

Cites

Show all 121 references

Research works printed but not linked: 26

  1. Bass, B.M., 1985, Leadership and performance: Beyond expectations
  2. Block, P., Keynote address, 2005 International Servant-Leadership Conference, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of Americas
  3. Burns, J.M., 1978, Leadership
  4. Carl, D., 2004, Power distance
  5. Dannhauser, Z., Paper presented at the Servant Leadership Roundtable at Regent University
  6. Dannhauser, Z., 2007, International Journal of Leadership Studies, 2, 148
  7. Earnhardt, M.P., Paper presented at the Servant Leadership Roundtable at Regent University
  8. Giacalone, R.A., 2003, Toward a science of workplace spirituality
  9. Hebert, S.C., 2003, The relationship of perceived servant leadership and job satisfaction from the follower’s perspective
  10. Horsman, J.H., 2001, Perspectives of servant-leadership and spirit in organizations
  11. Irving, J.A., 2007, International Journal of Leadership Studies, 2, 98
  12. Kabasakal, H., 2004, Humane orientation in societies, organizations, and leader attributes
  13. Kohlberg, L., 1969, Stage and sequence: The cognitive developmental approach to socialization
  14. Laub, J.A., 1999, Dissertation Abstracts International, 60, 308A
  15. Liden, R.C., 1998, Journal of Management, 24, 43
  16. Luthans, F., 2003, Authentic leadership development
  17. Matteson, J.A., Paper presented at the Servant Leadership Roundtable at Regent University
  18. McCullough, M.E., 2000, What we know (and need to know) about assessing forgiveness constructs
  19. McGee-Cooper, A., 2001, The essentials of servant-leadership: Principles in practice
  20. Page, D., 2000, A conceptual framework for measuring servant leadership
  21. Reinke, S.J., 2004, Global Virtue Ethics Review, 3, 30
  22. Sipe, J.W., 2009, Seven pillars of servant leadership: Practicing the wisdom of leading by serving
  23. West, G.R.B., Paper presented at the Servant Leadership Roundtable at Regent University
  24. Winston, B.E., Paper presented at the Servant Leadership Roundtable at Regent University
  25. Winston, B.E., 2008, International Journal of Leadership Studies, 3, 212
  26. Wong, P.T.P., Paper presented at the Servant Leadership Research Roundtable, Regent University

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Metadata

Authors
van Dierendonck, D.
Affiliations
Erasmus University,
Venue
Journal of Management
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2010-09-02
Volume
37
Issue
4
Pages
1228-1261
ISSN
  • 0149-2063 (ISSN-L)
  • 1557-1211
DOI
10.1177/0149206310380462
OpenAlex
W2107975803
Semantic Scholar
0ae1a1103aa20c6d2826cfbef8291ae16ef9268b
Cited by
2,218
References
121
Citations by year
2026: 160 · 2025: 172 · 2024: 188 · 2023: 284 · 2022: 252 · 2021: 195 · 2020: 180 · 2019: 167 · 2018: 141 · 2017: 120 · 2016: 105 · 2015: 86 · 2014: 83 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 29
FWCI
76.32
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations
  • Journal of Management (publishedVersion)
  • EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (publishedVersion)
  • EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Leadership and Management in Organizations
  • Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
  • Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Workplace Spirituality and Leadership
Keywords
servant leadership, leadership motivation, organizational culture, empowerment, humility, authenticity, interpersonal acceptance, stewardship, trust, fairness, self-realization, employee attitudes, employee performance, organizational sustainability, corporate social responsibility

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