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Psychological well-being in mid to late life: The role of generativity development and parent–child relationships across the lifespan
Abstract
This study examined the association between generativity and psychological well-being for a subsample of 1882 mid- to late-life parents using the MIDUS data set. Guided by Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, we tested a structural model of psychological well-being that also included direct and indirect effects (via generativity) of remembered pre-adult relationships with parents and current parental experiences with offspring on well-being. Respondents who recalled positive, trusting relationships with parents in childhood reported more positive parental experiences with their adult offspring and better psychological well-being. Current parental experiences had both indirect and direct effects on well-being too, but generativity had the strongest direct effects. Thus, it appears that the achievement of generativity plays a substantial role in well-being in mid- and late life. Findings also reveal that the impact of generativity on well-being is stronger for females than males. Implications for intervention with older adults, such as promoting volunteer work, are discussed.
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“Empirical work motivated by Erikson's theory has confirmed that generativity is associated with psychological well-being in middle and older adulthood (e.g., An & Cooney, 2006)”
From Thwarted Belonging and Perceived Burdensomeness During Middle and Older Adulthood: The Role of Generativity (2024) · cites this paper as An & Cooney, 2006
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Metadata
- Authors
- An, J. S., & Cooney, T. M.
- Affiliations
- Seoul Cyber University (KR)
- University of Missouri (US)
- ORCID
- Cooney, Teresa M.
- Venue
- International Journal of Behavioral Development
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2006-09
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 410-421
- ISSN
- 0165-0254 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-0651
- OpenAlex
- W2125415852
- Cited by
- 186
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 3.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Behavioral Development (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Intergenerational Family Dynamics and Caregiving
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Keywords
- generativity, psychological well-being, parent-child relationship, Erikson's psychosocial development, midlife crisis, intergenerational relations, gender differences, volunteering, older adults
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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