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Cited by 19Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentFamily Dynamics and RelationshipsCounseling, Therapy, and Family Dynamics

Triangulation processes experienced by children in contemporary China

Open access
Wang, Meiping, Liu, Siwei, Belsky, Jay·2017·International Journal of Behavioral Development
DOI 10.1177/0165025416662345
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Abstract

Most family-system research on triangulation processes has been undertaken in the West, with little known about this family dynamic in the East. The present cross-sectional study analysed 1,073 Chinese 3rd–12th-graders’ self-reported exposure to three kinds of triangulation—cross-generation coalition, scapegoating, and parentification—in relation to family and child factors and with respect to children’s school and social adjustment. Age-related analyses generally indicated that older children were less frequently exposed to all three dimensions of triangulation than younger ones. Children residing with only their parents experienced more scapegoating than those living in extended families; and boys were exposed to cross-generation coalition and scapegoating more than were girls. Higher levels of coalition and scapegoating exposure were related to poorer school adjustment and greater depression of children. Higher levels of parentification exposure, however, were associated with better school adjustment and social functioning. Findings are discussed in terms of theory and research on parent–child triangulation and cultural differences between East and West.

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  • Parentification was not associated with self-esteem in general, as only three of the 11 associations tested in the five studies were significant.

    “Parentification was not associated with self-esteem in general as only three of the 11 associations tested in the five studies were significant: Self-esteem was positively associated with perceived benefit [45] and parentification [106], and negatively linked with perceived role unfairness [80].”

    From Parentification Vulnerability, Reactivity, Resilience, and Thriving: A Mixed Methods Systematic Literature Review (2023) · cites this paper as [106]

  • Self-esteem was positively associated with perceived benefit of parentification and with parentification, and negatively linked with perceived role unfairness.

    “Parentification was not associated with self-esteem in general as only three of the 11 associations tested in the five studies were significant: Self-esteem was positively associated with perceived benefit [45] and parentification [106], and negatively linked with perceived role unfairness [80].”

    From Parentification Vulnerability, Reactivity, Resilience, and Thriving: A Mixed Methods Systematic Literature Review (2023) · cites this paper as [106]

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Research works printed but not linked: 8

  1. Bronfenbrenner, U., & Morris, P. A. (2006). The bioecological model of human development. In W. Damon & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Hand- book of child psychology (Vol. 1., 6th ed., pp. 793-828). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
  2. Brotherton, W. D. (1989). The Assessment of Parental Triangulation of Child (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). The Florida State University.
  3. Buehler, C., Franck, K. L., & Cook, E. C. (2009). Adolescent triangula- tion in marital conflict and peer relations. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 19, 669-689.
  4. Guo, M. Y. (2003). A study of the types of adolescents' parent-child triangulation and their interpersonal behaviors (Unpublished mas- ter's thesis). Retrieved from the National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan.
  5. Qi, J., & Qu, W. Y. (2014). On social factors in the rise of divorce rate in China. Social Science Journal of Universities in Shanxi, 26, 40-42.
  6. Shi, F. M. (2010). A correlational study on parentification, self-differentiation, and health for students in senior high and voca- tional high schools in Taiwan. Bulletin of Educational Psychology, 41, 823-846.
  7. Wang, Z. N., & Wang, M. P. (2014). Parent-child triangulation and depression: The mediating effect of self-esteem. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 22, 696-701.
  8. Wu, D. M. (1997). School adjustment of junior high school students with delinquent behaviors. Bulletin of Educational Psychology, 29, 25-50.

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Authors
Wang, M., Liu, S., & Belsky, J.
Affiliations
  • Shandong Normal University (CN)
  • University of California, Davis (US)
Corresponding author
Wang, Meiping
ORCID
Venue
International Journal of Behavioral Development
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2016-08-10
Volume
41
Issue
6
Pages
688-695
ISSN
  • 0165-0254 (ISSN-L)
  • 1464-0651
DOI
10.1177/0165025416662345
OpenAlex
W2477951219
Cited by
19
References
35
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 2
FWCI
0.89
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations
  • International Journal of Behavioral Development (publishedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Social Sciences › Demography › Family Dynamics and Relationships
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Counseling, Therapy, and Family Dynamics
Keywords
scapegoating, parentification, social adaptation, childhood depression, extended family, gender differences, age differences, East-West comparison, Chinese children

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