Suicidal Ideation in Adolescents: An Explanatory Model Using LISREL
Abstract
Suicidal ideation has been reported to be a major factor in attempted and completed suicides. The purpose of this study is to test a structural model to explain adolescent suicidal ideation. Specifically tested is the relationship between the predictor variables of trait anger, anger suppression, entrapment, psychosomatic symptoms, depression, and resilience and the dependent variable of suicidal ideation. Data are collected from a convenience sample of 11,393 students from 36 middle schools and 23 high schools in Korea. Trait anger, entrapment, psychosomatic symptoms, depression, and resilience have a direct effect on suicidal ideation whereas anger suppression shows a significant indirect effect on adolescent suicidal ideation. The predictor variables account for 39% of the variance in suicidal ideation. The study findings suggest that future programs for prevention or alleviation of adolescents’ suicidal ideation need to use interventions that facilitate their resilience and reduce their anger, entrapment feeling, psychosomatic symptoms, and depression.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Entrapment acts as a mediator of the relationship between anger suppression and suicidal ideation.
“it also acts as a mediator of the relationship (along with psychosomatic symptoms, resilience and depression) between anger suppression and suicidal ideation [70]”
From The integrated motivational–volitional model of suicidal behaviour (2018) · cites this paper as [70]
Entrapment is directly related to suicidal ideation in adolescents.
“Entrapment is also directly related to suicidal ideation in adolescents”
From The integrated motivational–volitional model of suicidal behaviour (2018) · cites this paper as [70]
Cites
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (1983) · Cited by 79,887 · see citing works
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267 · see citing works
Assessment of suicidal intention: The Scale for Suicide Ideation.
Beck, A. T., Kovacs, M., & Weissman, A. (1979) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.47.2.343 · Cited by 3,419 · see citing works
Baumeister, R. F. (1990) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.97.1.90 · Cited by 1,919 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Baumeister (1990) stated that the desire to escape from the current situation but seeing no way out is central to suicide.”
BackgroundGILBERT, P., & ALLAN, S. (1998) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291798006710 · Cited by 972 · see citing works
Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology
(2017) · The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.15842/kjcp · Cited by 931 · see citing works
Archives of psychiatric nursing
ScienceDirect (1987) · Cited by 578 · see citing works
An Outcome Evaluation of the SOS Suicide Prevention Program
Aseltine, R. H., & DeMartino, R. (2004) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.94.3.446 · Cited by 463 · see citing works
(1965) · Rocks & Minerals · doi:10.1080/00357529.1965.11765799 · Cited by 377 · see citing works
Doll, B. J., & Lyon, M. A. (1998) · School Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/02796015.1998.12085921 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Benard, B. (1993) · Educational leadership · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Suicide in Developing Countries (2): Risk Factors
Vijayakumar, L., John, S., Pirkis, J., & Whiteford, H. (2005) · Crisis · doi:10.1027/0227-5910.26.3.112 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Reasons for Adolescent Suicide Attempts: Associations With Psychological Functioning
Boergers, J., Spirito, A., & Donaldson, D. L. (1998) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199812000-00012 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Lee, M. T. Y., Wong, B. P., Chow, B. W., & McBride-Chang, C. A. (2006) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1521/suli.2006.36.1.82 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Wild, L. G., Flisher, A. J., & Lombard, C. J. (2004) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2004.03.001 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
McLaren, S., & Challis, C. (2009) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481180802671985 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Sex differences in coping and depression among young adults
Hänninen, V., & Aro, H. M. (1996) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(96)00045-7 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
School‐related Stress and Psychosomatic Symptoms Among School Adolescents
Natvig, G. K., Albrektsen, G., Anderssen, N., & Qvarnström, U. (1999) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.1999.tb06430.x · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Allan, S., & Gilbert, P. (2002) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(01)00057-5 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Life events, entrapments and arrested anger in depression
Gilbert, P., Gilbert, J., & Irons, C. (2003) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(02)00405-6 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Families and hospitalized elders: A typology of family care actions
Li, H., Stewart, B. J., Imle, M. A., Archbold, P. G., & Felver, L. (2000) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-240x(200002)23:1 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Internalized and Externalized Anger in Adolescent Suicide Attempters
Lehnert, K. L., Overholser, J. C., & Spirito, A. (1994) · Journal of Adolescent Research · doi:10.1177/074355489491008 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Risk Factors for and Protective Factors Against Adolescent Suicidal Behavior in Turkey
Eskin, M., Ertekin, K., Dereboy, Ç., & Demirkıran, F. (2007) · Crisis · doi:10.1027/0227-5910.28.3.131 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
전겸구, & 이민규 (1992) · The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Vögele, C., & Steptoe, A. (1993) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(93)90006-2 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Pathways to Suicidal Behaviors in Childhood
Greening, L., Stoppelbein, L., Fite, P. J., Dhossche, D. M., Erath, S. A., Brown, J. A., Cramer, R. J., & Young, L. M. (2008) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1521/suli.2008.38.1.35 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Reyes, L. R., Meininger, J. C., Liehr, P. R., Chan, W., & Mueller, W. H. (2003) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/00006199-200301000-00002 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Coping Styles, Anger, Social Support, and Suicide Risk of Women with Fibromyalgia Syndrome
Amir, M., Neumann, L., Bor, O., Shir, Y., Rubinow, A., & Buskila, D. (2000) · Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain · doi:10.1300/j094v08n03_02 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Nakao, M., Yamanaka, G., & Kuboki, T. (2002) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1521/suli.32.1.80.22179 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Heeringen, C. V. (2001) · International Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/00004850-200103002-00002 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
The Mediating and Moderating Roles of the Cognitive Triad on Adolescent Suicidal Ideation
Chang, H., Lin, M., & Lin, K. (2007) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/01.nnr.0000280611.00997.0e · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Substance Abuse and Suicide: Promoting Resilience Against Self-Destructive Behavior in Youth
Forman, S. G., & Kalafat, J. D. (1998) · School Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/02796015.1998.12085924 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Adolescent Suicide Myths in the United States
Moskos, M., Achilles, J. S., & Gray, D. (2004) · Crisis · doi:10.1027/0227-5910.25.4.176 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Prediction on the Negative Outcomes of Anger in Female Adolescents
Park, Y. J., Han, K. S., Shin, H. J., Kang, H. C., Chun, S. H., Moon, S. H., Lee, Y. S., & Kim, H. S. (2004) · Daehan ganho haghoeji · doi:10.4040/jkan.2004.34.1.172 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationDevelopment of Instrument for Measuring Personality Factor Related to Juvenile Delinquency
Kim, H. S., & Kim, H. S. (1999) · Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.12934/jkpmhn.1999.8.1.190 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citation박광배, & 신민섭 (1991) · The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Jin (1998) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4679(199806)54:4
Scale for Suicide Ideation: Psychometric properties of a self-report version
Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Ranieri, W. F. (1988) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/1097-4679(198807)44:4
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The integrated motivational–volitional model of suicidal behaviour
O'Connor, R. C., & Kirtley, O. J. (2018) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2017.0268 · Cited by 1,559 · see citing works
The role of defeat and entrapment in depression, anxiety, and suicide.
Taylor, P. J., Gooding, P. A., Wood, A. M., & Tarrier, N. (2011) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0022935 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
Siddaway, A. P., Taylor, P. J., Wood, A. M., & Schulz, J. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.05.046 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
O’Connor, R. C., & Portzky, G. (2017) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.07.021 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Min, J.-A., Lee, C.-U., & Chae, J.-H. (2015) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.07.022 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Entrapment and suicide risk: The development of the 4-item Entrapment Scale Short-Form (E-SF)
De Beurs, D., Cleare, S., Wetherall, K., Eschle-Byrne, S., Ferguson, E., B O'Connor, D., & C O'Connor, R. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112765 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Taylor, P. J., Gooding, P. A., Wood, A. M., Johnson, J., & Tarrier, N. (2011) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1943-278x.2011.00029.x · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Cognitive correlates of serious suicidal ideation in a community sample of adolescents
Labelle, R. J., Breton, J., Pouliot, L., Dufresne, M.-J., & Berthiaume, C. (2012) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012.08.027 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Pollak, O. H., Guzmán, E. M., Shin, K. E., & Cha, C. B. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.590388 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Shin, H., Jeon, S., & Cho, I. (2022) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-022-01954-6 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationInternal resilience, peer victimization, and suicidal ideation among adolescents
Hirschtritt, M. E., Ordóñez, A. E., Rico, Y., & LeWinn, K. Z. (2015) · International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health · doi:10.1515/ijamh-2014-0060 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Karim, J., & Shah, S. H. A. (2013) · Applied Research in Quality of Life · doi:10.1007/s11482-013-9267-1 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Quiceno, J. M., Mateus, J., Cardenas, M. J. P., Villareal, D., & Vinaccia, S. (2014) · Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica · doi:10.5944/rppc.vol.18.num.2.2013.12767 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Su, Y., Mo, C.-W., Cheng, W.-Q., Wang, L., Xu, Q., Wu, Z.-C., Wu, Z.-L., Liu, L., & Chen, X. (2016) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-016-0480-0 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Arco, A. H.-D., Izquierdo-Sotorrío, E., Carrasco, M. Á., Caro‐Cañizares, I., & Tello, F. P. H. (2024) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs14121145 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
A Life History of a Korean Adolescent Girl Who Attempted Suicide
Yang, S. (2012) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2011.553338 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Entrapment and social problem-solving in suicidal behavior across the adult lifespan
Wang, C., Keilp, J. G., Galfalvy, H., Bridge, J. A., Sheftall, A. H., & Szántó, K. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.099 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Cumming, M. M., Poling, D. V., & Smith, S. W. (2020) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191119897119 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
EXPOSURE TO WORKPLACE BULLYING AND SUICIDAL IDEATION: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY
Rosario-Hernández, E., Rovira-Millán, L. V., Vélez, S. V., Zeno-Santi, R., García, P. F., Quintana, L. C., Santos, J. N., Toro, B. P. F., Caraballo, R. D. J., Fausto, J. M., et al. (2019) · Journal of Applied Structural Equation Modeling · doi:10.47263/jasem.3(1)06 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Clement, D. N., Awad, S. A., Oliphant, V. N., & Wingate, L. R. (2023) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/21677026221147265 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Ergenlerde İntihar Olasılığı: Benlik Saygısı ve Öfke Açısından İncelenmesi
Önder, F. C., & BÖLÜKBAŞI, A. (2019) · Opus uluslararası toplum araştırmaları dergisi · doi:10.26466/opus.528723 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Meyer, S. R., Gillespie, A., Seff, I., Bennouna, C., Qushua, N., Tothezan, I., Boahen-Boaten, B. B., Allaf, C., & Stark, L. (2024) · Society and Mental Health · doi:10.1177/21568693231218264 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Chin, E.-Y., & Seo, Y.-M. (2012) · The Journal of the Korea Contents Association · doi:10.5392/jkca.2012.12.01.430 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Khan, S., Mubashar, T., Akhtar, T., & Butt, T. A. (2020) · Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research · doi:10.33824/pjpr.2020.35.2.16 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Comtois, K. A., Rogers, A. H., Smythe, P., & Mosser, B. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.119400 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Cognitive and Socioenvironmental Factors Associated with Suicide Ideation in Adolescents
Brausch, A. M., Kalgren, T., Littlefield, A., Howd, C., & Wildman, M. (2026) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-025-02307-4 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Psychopathology and risk factors for suicide in the young
Barak, M. I., & Orbach, I. (2021) · doi:10.1093/med/9780198834441.003.0066 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Liu, C., Yang, Y.-J., Arbour-Nicitopoulos, K., Ho, R., Cheung, J., Leung, A., & Sit, C. H.-P. (2025) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-025-06809-9 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Zhao, D., Yang, Y., Sedikides, C., Han, Y., Hou, X., Yang, L., & Wang, L. (2025) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2025.102786 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Suicidal behaviour: genes, environmental stress and temperamental traits
Mandelli, L., Carli, V., Serretti, A., & Sarchiapone, M. (2015) · Suicidologi/Nytt i suicidologi · doi:10.5617/suicidologi.2137 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Understanding suicidality in prisoners
Sheehy, K. (2016) · Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)
Level of Anger in Adolescents with Chronic Diseases and Associated Factors: Systematic Review
Yeşilfidan, D., Adana, F., Eda, M. E. R. T., Öztaban, Ş., Gün, Z. T., & Demirkıran, F. (2024) · Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi · doi:10.46413/boneyusbad.1467379
Comprehensive Understanding of Young People Suicide Risk Assessment and Intervention
Martínez, V., & Vargas, B. (2025) · Depression and personality · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-96037-6_7
- Authors
- Park, Y.-J., Ryu, H., Han, K., Kwon, J. H., Kim, H. K., Kang, H. C., Yoon, J.-W., Cheon, S.-H., & Shin, H.
- Affiliations
- Korea University (KR)
- College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Korea University Guro Hospital (KR)
- Department of Informational Statistics, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam, South Korea
- Sangji University (KR)
- Venue
- Western Journal of Nursing Research
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2009-12-29
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 168-184
- ISSN
- 0193-9459 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-8456
- OpenAlex
- W2157195706
- Cited by
- 34
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 1.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Western Journal of Nursing Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Psychosocial Factors Impacting Youth
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Keywords
- suicidal ideation, adolescents, trait anger, anger suppression, entrapment, psychosomatic symptoms, depression, resilience, structural equation modeling, suicide prevention
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Anger, Depression, Humans, Models, Psychological, Suicide, Republic of Korea
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
