Explaining age and gender effects on attitudes toward sexist language
Abstract
This study examined perspective taking, empathic concern, and attitude toward women as potential mediators of age and gender effects on college students’ attitudes toward sexist language. Perspective taking fully mediated the small age effect found in men. Attitude toward women partially mediated the gender effect, reducing it by 51%.Empathic concern mediated neither age nor gender effects.
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Parks and Roberton (2004, 2005) found that women exhibited more positive attitudes toward gender-inclusive language than men.
“Their findings showed that women exhibited more positive attitudes toward gender-inclusive language than men.”
From What affects people’s use of and attitudes toward gender-inclusive language? A literature review (2025) · cites this paper as Parks and Roberton, 2005
In Parks and Roberton (2005), men's attitudes varied at slightly below neutral.
“or slightly below neutral (Parks and Roberton, 2005).”
From What affects people’s use of and attitudes toward gender-inclusive language? A literature review (2025) · cites this paper as Parks and Roberton, 2005
In Parks and Roberton (2004, 2005), women's mean scores fell within the neutral range.
“while women’s mean scores fell within the neutral range”
From What affects people’s use of and attitudes toward gender-inclusive language? A literature review (2025) · cites this paper as Parks and Roberton, 2005
Resistance to gender-inclusive language is partly rooted in a desire to keep traditional gendered power structures intact in society.
“This resistance is partly rooted in the belief that gender is a fixed, binary, and essential category and a desire to keep traditional gendered power structures intact in society (Douglas & Sutton, 2014; Hekanaho, 2022; Parks & Roberton, 2005).”
From A Sexist Language? Gender Differences in Attitudes and Use of Gender-Inclusive Pronouns (2025) · cites this paper as Parks & Roberton, 2005
Resistance to gender-inclusive language is partly rooted in the belief that gender is a fixed, binary, and essential category.
“This resistance is partly rooted in the belief that gender is a fixed, binary, and essential category and a desire to keep traditional gendered power structures intact in society (Douglas & Sutton, 2014; Hekanaho, 2022; Parks & Roberton, 2005).”
From A Sexist Language? Gender Differences in Attitudes and Use of Gender-Inclusive Pronouns (2025) · cites this paper as Parks & Roberton, 2005
Men are more resistant toward gender-inclusive language compared to individuals with other gender identities.
“men are more resistant toward gender-inclusive language compared to individuals with other gender identities (Douglas & Sutton, 2014; Parks & Roberton, 2005; Prentice, 1994; Sarrasin et al., 2012; Stahlberg et al., 2007)”
From A Sexist Language? Gender Differences in Attitudes and Use of Gender-Inclusive Pronouns (2025) · cites this paper as Parks & Roberton, 2005
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Renström, E. A. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1507858 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
What affects people’s use of and attitudes toward gender-inclusive language? A literature review
Lange, E., & von Stockhausen, L. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1657753 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
A Sexist Language? Gender Differences in Attitudes and Use of Gender-Inclusive Pronouns
Remsö, A., Bäck, H., & Renström, E. A. (2025) · Journal of Language and Social Psychology · doi:10.1177/0261927x251335305 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“This resistance is partly rooted in the belief that gender is a fi xed, binary, and essential category and a desire to keep traditional gendered power structures intact in society (Douglas & Sutton, 2014; Hekanaho, 2022; Parks & Roberton, 2005).”
- Authors
- Parks, J. B., & Roberton, M. A.
- Affiliations
- Bowling Green State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Parks, Janet B.
- Venue
- Journal of Language and Social Psychology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2005-12
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 401-411
- ISSN
- 0261-927X (ISSN-L)
- 1552-6526
- OpenAlex
- W2150836690
- Cited by
- 23
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 6 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Language and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Studies in Language
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Communication › Swearing, Euphemism, Multilingualism
- Keywords
- sexist language, age differences, gender differences, perspective taking, empathic concern, mediation, university students
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