The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Amphetamine, past and present – a pharmacological and clinical perspective
Open accessAbstract
Amphetamine was discovered over 100 years ago. Since then, it has transformed from a drug that was freely available without prescription as a panacea for a broad range of disorders into a highly restricted Controlled Drug with therapeutic applications restricted to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. This review describes the relationship between chemical structure and pharmacology of amphetamine and its congeners. Amphetamine’s diverse pharmacological actions translate not only into therapeutic efficacy, but also into the production of adverse events and liability for recreational abuse. Accordingly, the balance of benefit/risk is the key challenge for its clinical use. The review charts advances in pharmaceutical development from the introduction of once-daily formulations of amphetamine through to lisdexamfetamine, which is the first d-amphetamine prodrug approved for the management of ADHD in children, adolescents and adults. The unusual metabolic route for lisdexamfetamine to deliver d-amphetamine makes an important contribution to its pharmacology. How lisdexamfetamine’s distinctive pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile translates into sustained efficacy as a treatment for ADHD and its reduced potential for recreational abuse is also discussed.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Di Chiara, G., & Imperato, A. (1988) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.85.14.5274 · Cited by 4,733
The size and burden of mental disorders and other disorders of the brain in Europe 2010
Wittchen, H. U., Jacobi, F., Rehm, J., Gustavsson, A., Svensson, M., Jönsson, B., Olesen, J., Allgulander, C., Alonso, J., Faravelli, C., et al. (2011) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2011.07.018 · Cited by 3,754
Cost of disorders of the brain in Europe 2010
Gustavsson, A., Svensson, M., Jacobi, F., Allgulander, C., Alonso, J., Beghi, E., Dodel, R., Ekman, M., Faravelli, C., Fratiglioni, L., et al. (2011) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2011.08.008 · Cited by 1,723
Quantitative brain magnetic resonance imaging in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Castellanos, F. X. (1996) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1996.01830070053009 · Cited by 1,183 · cited 1×
“…ADHD have revealed anatomical alterations and functional changes consistent with reduced dopaminergic function in various dopamine-rich areas of the brain including the frontal cortex, striatum and globus pallidus (Castellanos, 2001; Castellanos et al., 1996; Ernst et al., 1998; Sieg et al., 1995).”
BackgroundTHE BEHAVIOR OF CHILDREN RECEIVING BENZEDRINE
Bradley, C. (1937) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.94.3.577 · Cited by 1,035
Kooij, S. J., Bejerot, S., Blackwell, A., Caci, H., Casas-Brugué, M., Carpentier, P. J., Edvinsson, D., Fayyad, J., Foeken, K., Fitzgerald, M., et al. (2010) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-10-67 · Cited by 928 · cited 1×
“ADHD is arguably the most under-diagnosed and treated of all psychiatric disorders, especially in adults (Kooij et al., 2010).”
BackgroundMorón, J. A., Brockington, A., Wise, R. A., Rocha, B. A., & Hope, B. T. (2002) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-02-00389.2002 · Cited by 681
Comparing the efficacy of stimulants for ADHD in children and adolescents using meta-analysis
Faraone, S. V., & Buitelaar, J. (2010) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-009-0054-3 · Cited by 485 · cited 1×
“However, a meta-analysis by Faraone and Buitelaar (2010) did show moderately greater efficacy for amphetamine medications.”
BackgroundVariables That Affect the Clinical Use and Abuse of Methylphenidate in the Treatment of ADHD
Volkow, N. D., & Swanson, J. M. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.11.1909 · Cited by 475
Rodent Models of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Sagvolden, T., Russell, V. A., Aase, H., Johansen, E. B., & Farshbaf, M. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.02.002 · Cited by 448
Cited by
Petrie, B., Barden, R., & Kasprzyk-Hordern, B. (2015) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2014.08.053 · Cited by 2,614
ANI-1: an extensible neural network potential with DFT accuracy at force field computational cost
Smith, J. S., Isayev, O., & Roitberg, A. E. (2017) · Chemical Science · doi:10.1039/c6sc05720a · Cited by 1,921
Faraone, S. V. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.02.001 · Cited by 631
Organic field-effect transistor-based flexible sensors
Yuvaraja, S., Nawaz, A., Liu, Q., Dubal, D., Surya, S. G., Salama, K. N., & Sonar, P. (2020) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/c9cs00811j · Cited by 386
Kutlu, M. G., & Gould, T. J. (2016) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.042192.116 · Cited by 317
Metadata
- Authors
- Heal, D. J., Smith, S. L., Gosden, J., & Nutt, D. J.
- Venue
- Journal of Psychopharmacology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2013-03-28
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 479-496
- ISSN
- 0269-8811 (ISSN-L)
- 1461-7285
- OpenAlex
- W2032368646
- Cited by
- 617
- References
- 29
- FWCI
- 17.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Amphetamine, past and present – a pharmacological and clinical perspective. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1177/0269881113482532
- The paper
- Heal, D. J., Smith, S. L., Gosden, J., & Nutt, D. J. (2013). Amphetamine, past and present – a pharmacological and clinical perspective. Journal of Psychopharmacology. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881113482532
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
