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The Challenging Experience Questionnaire: Characterization of challenging experiences with psilocybin mushrooms
Open accessAbstract
Acute adverse psychological reactions to classic hallucinogens ("bad trips" or "challenging experiences"), while usually benign with proper screening, preparation, and support in controlled settings, remain a safety concern in uncontrolled settings (such as illicit use contexts). Anecdotal and case reports suggest potential adverse acute symptoms including affective (panic, depressed mood), cognitive (confusion, feelings of losing sanity), and somatic (nausea, heart palpitation) symptoms. Responses to items from several hallucinogen-sensitive questionnaires (Hallucinogen Rating Scale, the States of Consciousness Questionnaire, and the Five-Dimensional Altered States of Consciousness questionnaire) in an Internet survey of challenging experiences with the classic hallucinogen psilocybin were used to construct and validate a Challenging Experience Questionnaire. The stand-alone Challenging Experience Questionnaire was then validated in a separate sample. Seven Challenging Experience Questionnaire factors (grief, fear, death, insanity, isolation, physical distress, and paranoia) provide a phenomenological profile of challenging aspects of experiences with psilocybin. Factor scores were associated with difficulty, meaningfulness, spiritual significance, and change in well-being attributed to the challenging experiences. The factor structure did not differ based on gender or prior struggle with anxiety or depression. The Challenging Experience Questionnaire provides a basis for future investigation of predictors and outcomes of challenging experiences with classic hallucinogens.
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“Barrett et al. (2016) created the Challenging Experience Questionnaire (CEQ), which is designed to quantify challenging experiences under the influence of psychedelics (Barrett et al., 2016).”
From Assessment of the acute subjective psychedelic experience: A review of patient-reported outcome measures in clinical research on classical psychedelics (2024) · cites this paper as Barrett et al., 2016
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“The CEQ comprised of 26 items, each rated on a six-point Likert scale. Seven factors are assessed, including grief, fear, death, insanity, isolation, physical distress, and paranoia, to provide a phenomenological profile of challenging aspects of experiences with a classical psychedelic.”
From Assessment of the acute subjective psychedelic experience: A review of patient-reported outcome measures in clinical research on classical psychedelics (2024) · cites this paper as Barrett et al., 2016
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Developing a short form of the Awe Experience Scale (AWE-SF) in psychedelic samples
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Davis, A. K., Timmermann, C., Bernal, A. M. O., Lancelotta, R., Nayak, S. M., Sepeda, N. D., Nikolaidis, A., & Griffiths, R. R. (2023) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2023.2232379 · Cited by 5
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BackgroundEditorial: Hallucinogens and Entactogens: Establishing a New Class of Psychotherapeutic Drugs?
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Self-citationAyahuasca and Psychotherapy: Beyond Integration
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Hooper, J., Gyongyosi, E., Hutchison, K. E., & Mueller, R. L. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1533055 · Cited by 7
The Hallucinogen Rating Scale: Updated Factor Structure in a Large, Multistudy Sample
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“Dysphoric psychedelic states, sometimes called “ bad trips, ” have also been characterized in detail by the Challenging Experience Questionnaire (55).”
Perkins, D., Sarris, J. J., Cowley‐Court, T., Aicher, H., Tófoli, L. F., Bouso, J. C., Opaleye, E. S., Halman, A., Coelho, N. L. G., & Schubert, V. (2024) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2024.2424288 · Cited by 7
“…and other psychedelics has reported challenging experiences to have no association, or even a positive association, with therapeutic outcomes (Barrett et al. 2016; Russ et al. 2019); however, we note that a single item on our survey (feeling immense fear, panic or that “I was going mad or…”
Leveraging meditation research for the study of psychedelic-related adverse effects
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InfluentialPsilocybin’s acute and persistent brain effects: a precision imaging drug trial
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Narrative review of the potential for psychedelics to treat Prolonged Grief Disorder
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Cherniak, A. D., Granqvist, P., Mikulincer, M., & Wolff, M. (2026) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2026.2644857 · Cited by 4
Chaplains in Psychedelic Assisted Therapy: Rationale and Competencies
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Pilot study of psilocybin in patients with post-treatment lyme disease
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Inducing selflessness through a numadelic virtual reality experience: a preliminary study
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“Secondly, it does not rely on the use of chemical substances such as psychedelics, which are illegal in many jurisdictions and can also lead to AEs in certain individuals (like nausea, headaches, anxiety or confusion) (Breeksema et al. 2022; Barrett et al. 2016).”
From Policy to Perception: Do Public Views on UK Drug Policy Shape Attitudes Toward Psychedelics?
Dickson, K., Stubbings, D. R., Hurst, M., & Davies, J. L. (2025) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2025.2558579 · Cited by 4
Statharakos, N., Papadopoulou, E., Alvares, A. J., & Mara, A. (2025) · Postepy psychiatrii neurologii · doi:10.5114/ppn.2025.153603 · Cited by 4
“While indigenous and historical traditions emphasize the transformative power of such experiences [3], the cultural narratives surrounding psychedelics often dismissed their significance [4].”
InfluentialThe emotional architecture of the psychedelic brain
Moujaes, F., Rieser, N. M., Belinger, L., Herdener, M., Zahid, Z., & Preller, K. H. (2025) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2025.07.006 · Cited by 5
Psychedelics for Alcohol Use Disorder: A Narrative Review with Candidate Mechanisms of Action
Miller, E. A., Capone, C., Eaton, E. M., Swift, R. M., & Haass‐Koffler, C. L. (2025) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-025-01199-z · Cited by 6
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Exploring Motivations, Experiences, and Consequences of Psychedelic Use in Aotearoa New Zealand
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Exploring Gender-Themed Lysergic Acid Diethylamide Experiences: A Subreddit Analysis
Katkar, R., Perez, A. M., Altinay, M. I., & Barnett, B. S. (2025) · Psychedelic Medicine · doi:10.1089/psymed.2024.0025 · Cited by 4
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“The CEQ contains 26 items addressing grief, fear, death, insanity, isolation, physical distress, and paranoia (Barrett et al. 2016).”
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Pharmacies as potential providers of harm reduction services: A preliminary online survey
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“…psilocybe mushrooms are one of the safest recreational drugs known, due to extremely rare mortality (Ghodse et al., 2013; Lader, 2015), uncontrolled recreational use of psilocybe mushrooms would pose a considerable risk to the mental health of vulnerable individuals (Barrett et al., 2016).”
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Psychedelic use in Poland: prevalence, correlates and social attitudes
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“The Challenging Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) , a 26-item self-report tool, assessed challeng - ing experiences during psychedelic use (Barrett et al. 2016 ).”
Development of the Japanese version of the Challenging Experience Questionnaire
Tani, H., Yonezawa, K., Kusudo, K., Barrett, F. S., Nakajima, S., & Uchida, H. (2024) · Neuropsychopharmacology Reports · doi:10.1002/npr2.12456 · Cited by 3
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BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationChristian Responses to Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy and Potential Religious and Spiritual Experiences
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Natural Language as a Window into the Subjective Effects and Neurochemistry of Psychedelic DrugsPreprint
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“…we compared the groups in terms of the emotional valence attributed to the experiences (pleasantness vs. unpleasantness) as well as the presence of difficult emotions and sensations via the challenging experiences questionnaire (CEQ) 22 , expecting greater negativity in the NMEDT group.”
Back, A. L., McGregor, B. A., Thorn, L. L., Harvey, K., Blom, D., Callan, G., Guy, J., Kumar, S. M., Hershberg, R., Layer, M., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1810904 · Cited by 2
“…Experience Questionnaire, a 26-item self-report measure with scores from 0–130 with higher scores indicating more challenging experiences (26); the Emotional Breakthrough Inventory (EBI), a 6-item measure with scores from 0–600, with higher scores indicating more profound emotional…”
How to set up a psychedelic study: Unique considerations for research involving human participants
Glennon, M. J., Bird, C., Yadav, P., Kleine, P., Suseelan, S., Boman-Markaki, C., Kotoula, V., Butler, M., Leech, R., Roseman, L., et al. (2026) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106657 · Cited by 5
Participant Experiences of Therapeutic Touch in Psilocybin‐Assisted Therapy
Ham, R., Gardner, J., Carter, A., & Liknaitzky, P. (2026) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.71262 · Cited by 2
“Participants described the usefulness of touch in managing heightened emotional intensity and a foreign state of consciousness, both key aspects of the acute psychedelic experience (Barrett et al. 2016 ; Hirschfeld and Schmidt 2020 ; Roseman et al. 2019 ).”
An open-label pilot study of psilocybin-assisted therapy for binge eating disorder
Dallery, J., Miller, J. L., Boissoneault, J., Harvey, L., Ives, L., Knerr, A. W., Blaes, S., Ransom, M. N., Munson, M. S., Gilligan, J. P., et al. (2026) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-025-01508-3 · Cited by 3
“The Challenging Experiences Questionnaire (CEQ) [47] captured the intensity and nature of difficult or distressing aspects of the experience (e.g., fear, physical distress, insanity, isolation).”
Beaussant, Y., Sager, Z. S., Brennan, C. W., Kristan, I., Ljuslin, M., Mazzola, E., Macdonald, D., Murphy, M., Nigam, K. B., Rinaldi, A. D., et al. (2025) · BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care · doi:10.1136/spcare-2025-005773 · Cited by 1
“Following recent guidelines, 27 we reported as AEs any participant ratings of 4 (strong) or 5 (extreme) on CEQ items.”
InfluentialFearful symmetry in altered states: a bi-logic account of psychedelic action
Goldreich, M. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1632923 · Cited by 2
Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Subcutaneous RE104
Ludbrook, G., Bryson, N., Taylor, B., Hocevar‐Trnka, J., Johnson, M. W., Hirman, J., Morrish, G. A., Alexander, R., & Pollack, M. H. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/jcp.0000000000002047 · Cited by 5
Self-citationReckweg, J. T., Mason, N. L., Theunissen, E. L., Svendsen, C. B., Terwey, T. H., & Ramaekers, J. G. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1543640 · Cited by 5
Holas, P., Kamińska, J., & Zajenkowski, M. (2025) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/19585969.2025.2470426 · Cited by 2
“…often seek meaningful experiences and personal growth, and psychedelics are increasingly recognised for their potential to enhance psychological well-being, reduce existential anxiety, and provide profound insights, particularly in later stages of life (Barrett et al. 2016; Griffiths et al. 2016).”
The Therapeutic Potential of Psychedelics on Reducing Rumination: A Mini-Review
Ramarushton, B., Blumenthal, H., Ryals, A. J., Boals, A., & Thompson, L. (2024) · Psychedelic Medicine · doi:10.1089/psymed.2024.0009 · Cited by 3
Kettner, H., Roseman, L., Gazzaley, A., Carhart-Harris, R., & Pasquini, L. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3977169/v1 · Cited by 5
“2), revealing signi�cantly lower intensity scores for OA on all tests included subjective effects measures, except for the CEQ (F(1,111) = 0.61, d = 0.06, p = .43) and only at trend level for the COMS (F(1,111) = 2.91, d = 0.30, p = .09), suggesting that OA experienced overall less intense subjective psychedelic effec…”
BackgroundInfluentialSeeing in Visionary and Mystical Experience: A Perceptual and Cognitive-Semantic Account
Stocker, K. (2022) · Cognitive Semantics · doi:10.1163/23526416-bja10030 · Cited by 4
Hooper, J., Williams, S. L., Mueller, R. L., & Hutchison, K. E. (2026) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2026.2727016 · Cited by 3
Zarrabi, A. J., Mletzko, T., Grant, G. H., Peacock, C., Palitsky, R., McPherson, T., Shub, I., Eisenacher, S., Maples‐Keller, J. L., Kaplan, D., et al. (2026) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.07.11.26357570 · Cited by 1
Psilocybin for Treatment of Prolonged Grief Disorder: An Open-Label Feasibility Study Protocol
Penberthy, J. M., Wise, F. A., Cherup, N., Penberthy, J. M., Mitchell, E., Burns, M., Akinlade, O., Chung, D., Parmar, H. S., & Singer, J. (2026) · Psychoactives · doi:10.3390/psychoactives5020012 · Cited by 1
“Challenging psychedelic experiences (“bad trips”) are assessed with the Challenging Experience Questionnaire (CEQ), which yields scores across grief, fear, death, insanity, isolation, physical distress, and paranoia dimensions based on retrospective ratings of a specific psychedelic session [36].”
Beidas, Z., Ragnhildstveit, A., Blackman, A., Anderson, T., Fewster, E. C., Syed, O. A., Sobolenko, V., Kanca, I. K., Jaglinska, M., Son, T., et al. (2026) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2025.10968 · Cited by 1
“17,18 Research suggests that microdosing may help to reduce depressive symptoms by enhancing emotional resilience, increasing self-efficacy and promoting cognitive flexibility, which can disrupt the rigid thought patterns often associated with MDD. 19,20 Other studies highlight potential benefits…”
Henningfield, J. E., Barrett, F. S., Evans, S. M., Garcia‐Romeu, A., Garrett, B. E., Hienz, R. D., Lukas, S. E., Nayak, S. M., Strain, E. C., Weerts, E. M., et al. (2026) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811251398801
“These and other design features to ensure safety in this study and subsequent studies are discussed further in this section and in other publications (Barrett et al., 2016; Garcia-Romeu et al., 2021; Henningfield et al., 2023; Johnson et al., 2008; Nayak and Zahid, 2025; Van Elk and Yaden, 2022).”
Self-citationDiehl, V. J., Calder, A. E., & Hasler, G. (2025) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811251397306
“The model containing only the CEQ was significant ( b = 9.92, t (466) = 10.26, p 0.001) and explained 6.38% of the variance (pseudo-R 2 = 0.06).”
InfluentialThe interplay of psychedelic use and meditation in shaping psychological well-being
Krabbe, A., Sikka, P., & Jylkkä, J. (2025) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2025.103977 · Cited by 2
“One possible explanation for the better outcomes in the combined compared to the psychedelics alone group is that meditation may equip individuals with psychological tools that help them better navigate the often challenging nature of psychedelic experiences (e.g., see Barrett et al., 2016).”
Mehmood, M., Bremler, R., Spriggs, M. J., Kettner, H., Roseman, L., Damgaard, L., Carhart-Harris, R. L., Erritzøe, D., & Zeifman, R. J. (2025) · Psychedelic Medicine · doi:10.1177/28314425251392251 · Cited by 2
Kirlić, N., Atli, M., Mistry, S. J., Gold, M., & Goodwin, G. M. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/jcp.0000000000002119 · Cited by 1
Simon, G., Tadmor, N., & Halperin, D. (2025) · International Journal of Drug Policy · doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105074 · Cited by 3
Bernal, A. M. O., Raison, C. L., Lancelotta, R., Timmermann, C., Sepeda, N. D., & Davis, A. K. (2025) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2025.2577305 · Cited by 1
Psychedelic Use and Intimacy: A Systematic Review of Experimental and Naturalistic Research.
Bradford, A., Freedman, E., & Dinero, R. E. (2025) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2025.2577311 · Cited by 1
Contemplating versus having used psychedelics in bipolar disorder - What makes the difference?
Vale, L. N., Ibrahim, M., Fávaro-Pereira, L., Soares, J., & Meyer, T. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.120437 · Cited by 1
Recreational MDMA use in Norway: results from an internet convenience sample
Grønnerød, C., Rønningen, T., Haugsjå, I. R., Andersen, K. A. A., Dahlgren, C. L., & Kvam, T.-M. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1619676 · Cited by 1
Psychedelic Integration and Spiritual Growth in a Christian Context
Cole-Turner, R. (2025) · Religions · doi:10.3390/rel16091197 · Cited by 1
“Since the 1960s, people have asked about “bad trips,” now often called “challenging experiences” (Barrett et al. 2016).”
Preliminary validation and refinement of the psychedelic aesthetic experience questionnaire
Hooper, J. F., Ellingson, J. M., & Hutchison, K. E. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1648968 · Cited by 2
Soto-Angona, Ó., Rodríguez‐Urrutia, A., Ramos‐Quiroga, J. A., Álvarez-Bobo, Ó., Oña, G., Rosal, S. P., París-Pérez, J., & Wolff, M. (2025) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100923 · Cited by 1
Psychedelic-assisted therapy, metacognition, and the problem of integration: a tri-phasic approach
Dowie, T.-I. (2025) · Philosophical Psychology · doi:10.1080/09515089.2025.2508411 · Cited by 3
“6 With respect to negatively valenced experiences, seven dimensions or characteristics of purported “bad trips” have been identified: fear, grief, death, insanity, isolation, physical distress, and paranoia (Barrett et al., 2016).”
van der Helder, S., Siefried, K. J., Acheson, L. S., Steele, M., Harrod, M. E., & Brett, J. (2025) · Journal of Psychedelic Studies · doi:10.1556/2054.2025.00422 · Cited by 1
Plourde, L., Chang, S.-L., Farzin, H., Stephan, J.-F., Fallu, J., & Dorval, M. (2025) · Journal of Psychedelic Studies · doi:10.1556/2054.2024.00431 · Cited by 2
“Since challenging experiences can occur in the therapeutic setting (Barrett, Bradstreet, Leoutsakos, Johnson, & Grif fi ths, 2016; Gorman et al., 2021; Studerus et al., 2011), risk assessment and measures to mitigate acute effects such as dysphoria or overwhelming emotional distress are essential…”
Psychedelic use in India, its pattern and personal significance – findings from an online survey
Raj, G. (2022) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_447_21 · Cited by 1
“[3] DSM IV TR criteria were used to rule out hallucinogen persisting perception disorder.”
Can Psychedelic Drugs Attenuate Age-Related Changes in Cognition and Affect?
Aday, J. S., Bloesch, E. K., & Davoli, C. C. (2019) · Journal of Cognitive Enhancement · doi:10.1007/s41465-019-00151-6 · Cited by 23
Byrne, K., Odette, M. M., Garland, E. L., & Lewis, B. R. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2026.101187
Psychedelics and psychosis: A systematic review of recent-era studies (1984–2025)
Reis, J. A. S., Ueta, L. Z., Bouso, J. C., Hallak, J. E. C., & SANTOS, R. G. D. (2026) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811261488575
Dames, S. (2026) · Journal of Psychedelic Studies · doi:10.1556/2054.2026.00552
Chwyl, C., Hoffman, K., Luoma, J. B., Bazinet, A., Pertl, K., Korthuis, P., & Wilson-Poe, A. R. (2026) · Psychedelics · doi:10.1016/j.psyche.2026.100042
Veiseh, N., Kment, F., Acero, V., Jackson, H., Fisher, R., Newsom, C., Aumick, J., León, A., Ali, I., Hurst, J., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1927839
Grimshaw, S., & Revell, S. (2026) · Counselling Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1080/09515070.2026.2732966
Ehrenkranz, R. C., Sepeda, N. D., Goldy, S. P., Weiss, B., Tiwari, P., Azimi, A., & Yaden, D. B. (2026) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811261473405
Shnayder, S., Agin-Liebes, G., Hubert, T., Ching, T. H. W., Hokanson, J., Pittenger, C., Kelmendi, B., & Adams, T. G. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1799543
“The Challenging Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) was developed to quantify such dif fi cult aspects (e.g., fear, grief, physical distress, paranoia) of the psychedelic experience (34).”
Passie, T., & van Elk, M. (2026) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811261478606
Tai, M. L., Szigeti, B., Downey, A. E., Aday, J. S., Fredenburg, L., Sakai, K., Molina, C., Fernandes‐Osterhold, G., Bradley, E., Pantoni, M. M., et al. (2026) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811261478603
Umemura, F., Kotajima-Murakami, H., Strickland, J. C., Garcia-Romeu, A., Johnson, M. W., & Ikeda, K. (2026) · Neuropsychopharmacology Reports · doi:10.1002/npr2.70164
Self-citationVidal, J., Andreu, C. I., Fuentes-Ferrada, R., & Cebolla, A. (2026) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-026-02955-y
Feasibility and tolerability of psilocybin for phantom limb pain
Dean, J. G., Hurwitz, E. S., Furnish, T. J., Castellanos, J. P., McKinty, A., Farrell, B., Barrows, D., Peck, S. K., Trim, J., Samadhi, E., et al. (2026) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2026.106404
Kruger, D. J., Gillis‐Smith, P., Aday, J. S., Barron, J., Herberholz, M., & Boehnke, K. F. (2026) · Psychedelics · doi:10.1016/j.psyche.2026.100034
Jurlando, C. (2026) · Psychedelics · doi:10.1016/j.psyche.2026.100037
McConnell, P., Raffety, J. E., Li, A., Steinberg, E. G., Rahim, S., Valtierra, C., Gazzaley, A., Carhart-Harris, R. L., & Pasquini, L. (2026) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-026-04349-z
Metadata
- Authors
- Barrett, F. S., Bradstreet, M. P., Leoutsakos, J.-M. S., Johnson, M. W., & Griffiths, R. R.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Barrett, Frederick S
- Venue
- Journal of Psychopharmacology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2016-11-19
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1279-1295
- ISSN
- 0269-8811 (ISSN-L)
- 1461-7285
- PMC
- PMC5549781
- OpenAlex
- W2549202270
- Cited by
- 366
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 43 · 2025: 77 · 2024: 93 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 11.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA003889, T32DA007209)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychedelics and Drug Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs
- Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Keywords
- psilocybin, challenging experiences, bad trips, questionnaire validation, grief, fear, death, paranoia, isolation, physical distress, altered states of consciousness, meaningfulness, spiritual meaning, well-being
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Agaricales, Anxiety, Depression, Emotions, Female, Hallucinogens, Humans, Male, Psilocybin, Surveys and Questionnaires
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