The DOI matches its Crossref record; 71 of the 71 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Bullies, Victims, and Bully/Victims: Distinct Groups of At-Risk Youth
Abstract
Bullying and victimization are prevalent problems in the area of adolescent peer relationships. Middle school students (N = 4,263) in one Maryland school district completed surveys covering a range of problem behaviors and psychosocial variables. Overall,30.9% of the students reported being victimized three or more times in the past year and 7.4% reported bullying three or more times over the past year. More than one half of the bullies also reported being victimized. Those bully/victims were found to score less favorably than either bullies or victims on all the measured psychosocial and behavioral variables. Results of a discriminant function analysis demonstrated that a group of psychosocial and behavioral predictors—including problem behaviors, attitudes toward deviance, peer influences, depressive symptoms, school-related functioning, and parenting—formed a linear separation between the comparison group (never bullied or victimized), the victim group, the bully group, and the bully/victim group.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In this sense, children who are victims of bullying tend to be poorly adjusted in school and receive negative attention from the teacher to an even greater extent than children who are bullies or victims (Haynie et al., 2001; Olweus, 2001; Marengo et al., 2018).”
From The representation of bullying in Italian primary school children: A mixed-method study comparing drawing and interview data and their association with self-report involvement in bullying events (2022) · cites this paper as Haynie et al., 2001
Citations
Cites
The psychology of sex differences
Maccoby, E. E. (1975) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(75)80031-1 · Cited by 5,714
Bullying at school: what we know and what we can do
(1994) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.32-1080 · Cited by 4,755
The influence of parenting style on adolescent competence and substance use
Baumrind, D. (1991) · The Journal of Early Adolescence · doi:10.1177/0272431691111004 · Cited by 3,985
Relational Aggression, Gender, and Social-Psychological Adjustment
Crick, N. R., & Grotpeter, J. K. (1995) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00900.x · Cited by 3,954
Bullying Behaviors Among US Youth
Nansel, T. R., Overpeck, M. D., Pilla, R. S., Ruan, W. J., Simons‐Morton, B. G., & Scheidt, P. C. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.285.16.2094 · Cited by 3,805
Self-citationRelational Aggression, Gender, and Social-Psychological Adjustment
Crick, N. R., & Grotpeter, J. K. (1995) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1131945 · Cited by 2,373
Bullying at School: Basic Facts and Effects of a School Based Intervention Program
Olweus, D. (1994) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01229.x · Cited by 1,888
Early predictors of male delinquency: A review.
Loeber, R., & Dishion, T. J. (1983) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.94.1.68 · Cited by 1,534
Structure of problem behavior in adolescence and young adulthood.
Donovan, J. E., & Jessor, R. (1985) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.53.6.890 · Cited by 1,292
Steinberg, L. D., Lamborn, S. D., Darling, N. E., Mounts, N. S., & Dornbusch, S. M. (1994) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1994.tb00781.x · Cited by 1,233
The Psychology of Sex Differences
Brill, N. Q. (1975) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.132.9.982 · Cited by 1,230
Perry, D. G., Kusel, S. J., & Perry, L. C. (1988) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.24.6.807 · Cited by 1,047
Relational and overt forms of peer victimization: A multiinformant approach.
Crick, N. R., & Bigbee, M. A. (1998) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.66.2.337 · Cited by 961
Structure of problem behavior in adolescence and young adulthood.
Donovan, J. E., & Jessor, R. (1985) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.53.6.890 · Cited by 935
Coping with Marital Transitions: A Family Systems Perspective
Hetherington, E. M. (1992) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5834.1992.tb00300.x · Cited by 867
Being Adolescent: Conflict And Growth In The Teenage Years
Csíkszentmihályi, M., & Larson, R. W. (1984) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 828
Craig, W. (1998) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(97)00145-1 · Cited by 816
BULLY/VICTIM PROBLEMS AMONG MIDDLE SCHOOL CHILDREN
Boulton, M. J., & Underwood, K. (1992) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1992.tb01000.x · Cited by 809
Steinberg, L. D., Lamborn, S. D., Darling, N. E., Mounts, N. S., & Dornbusch, S. M. (1994) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1131416 · Cited by 803
Relational and overt forms of peer victimization: A multiinformant approach.
Crick, N. R., & Bigbee, M. A. (1998) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.66.2.337 · Cited by 653
(2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2009-1-03841-6 · Cited by 524
Rigby, K., & Slee, P. T. (1993) · The Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/00224545.1993.9712116 · Cited by 512
Olweus, D. (1980) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.16.6.644 · Cited by 501
Bullying and Psychiatric Symptoms Among Elementary School-Age Children
Kumpulainen, K., Räsänen, E., Henttonen, I., Almqvist, F., Kresanov, K., Linna, S., Moilanen, I. K., Piha, J., Puura, K., & Tamminen, T. (1998) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(98)00049-0 · Cited by 489
Factors Associated with Bullying Behavior in Middle School Students
Bosworth, K., Espelage, D. L., & Simon, T. R. (1999) · The Journal of Early Adolescence · doi:10.1177/0272431699019003003 · Cited by 485
Negotiating parent-adolescent conflict: a behavioral-family systems approach
(1989) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.26-6566 · Cited by 484
Bullies and Their Victims: Understanding a Pervasive Problem in the Schools
Batsche, G. M., & Knoff, H. M. (1994) · School Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/02796015.1994.12085704 · Cited by 470
Zimring, C., & Barnes, R. D. (1987) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5227-3_14 · Cited by 464
Syndrome of problem behavior in adolescence: A replication.
Donovan, J. E., Jessor, R., & Costa, F. M. (1988) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.56.5.762 · Cited by 459
Parenting Styles and Conceptions of Parental Authority during Adolescence
Smetana, J. G. (1995) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00872.x · Cited by 457
Bullying: Perceptions of Adolescent Victims in the Midwestern USA
Hoover, J. H., Oliver, R. L., & Hazler, R. J. (1992) · School Psychology International · doi:10.1177/0143034392131001 · Cited by 409
Sex Differences in Aggression: A Rejoinder and Reprise
Maccoby, E. E., & Jacklin, C. N. (1980) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1129535 · Cited by 402
Bullying or Peer Abuse at School: Facts and Intervention
Olweus, D. (1995) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-8721.ep10772640 · Cited by 390
Aggression and Violence Throughout the Life Span
Peters, R. D., McMahon, R. J., & Quinsey, V. L. (1992) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 377
Assessment of bully/victim problems in 8 to 11 year‐olds
Austin, S., & Joseph, S. (1996) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1996.tb01211.x · Cited by 373
Prospective Studies of Crime and Delinquency
(1983) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-6672-7 · Cited by 365
Parenting Styles and Conceptions of Parental Authority during Adolescence
Smetana, J. G. (1995) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1131579 · Cited by 340
The health of youth. A cross-national survey.
King, A., Wold, B., Tudor‐Smith, C., & Harel, Y. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 327
Perceived Family Relationships of Bullies, Victims and Bully/Victims in Middle Childhood
Bowers, L. E., Smith, P. K., & Binney, V. (1994) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407594112004 · Cited by 300
Group aggression among school children in three schools
LAGERSPETZ, K. M. J., Björkqvist, K., BERTS, M., & KING, E. (1982) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1982.tb00412.x · Cited by 282
Relational Aggression and Peer Relations: Gender and Developmental Issues.
Rys, G. S., & Bear, G. G. (1997) · Merrill-palmer Quarterly · Cited by 276
Profiles of violent youth: substance use and other concurrent problems.
Ellickson, P. L., Saner, H., & McGuigan, K. A. (1997) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.87.6.985 · Cited by 275
(2012) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.49-6028 · Cited by 269
Studentschool bonding and adolescent problem behavior
Simons‐Morton, B. G. (1999) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/14.1.99 · Cited by 264
Self-citationSingle Parents, Stepparents, and the Susceptibility of Adolescents to Antisocial Peer Pressure
Steinberg, L. D. (1987) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1987.tb03505.x · Cited by 241
Slee, P. T., & Rigby, K. (1993) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(93)90136-q · Cited by 233
Relationship between drug use and other problem behaviors in urban adolescents.
Farrell, A. D., Danish, S. J., & Howard, C. W. (1992) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.60.5.705 · Cited by 228
Bullies and victims: Their ego picture, ideal ego picture and normative ego picture
Björkqvist, K., Ekman, K., & LAGERSPETZ, K. M. J. (1982) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1982.tb00445.x · Cited by 227
Negotiating Parent-Adolescent Conflict: A Behavioral-Family Systems Approach
Sarles, R. M. (1990) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199003000-00033 · Cited by 203
Boys who fight at home and school: Family conditions influencing cross-setting consistency.
Loeber, R., & Dishion, T. J. (1984) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.52.5.759 · Cited by 202
Single Parents, Stepparents, and the Susceptibility of Adolescents to Antisocial Peer Pressure
Steinberg, L. D. (1987) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1130307 · Cited by 197
Relationship between drug use and other problem behaviors in urban adolescents.
Farrell, A. D., Danish, S. J., & Howard, C. W. (1992) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.60.5.705 · Cited by 191
Australian school children's self appraisal of interpersonal relations: The bullying experience
Slee, P. T., & Rigby, K. (1993) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/bf00707680 · Cited by 172
Bully/victim problems in school: Knowledge base and an effective intervention program
Olweus, D. (1997) · The Irish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/03033910.1997.10558138 · Cited by 169
Simons‐Morton, B. G., Crump, A. D., Haynie, D. L., Saylor, K. E., Eitel, P., & Yu, K. F. (1999) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1006/pmed.1998.0404 · Cited by 161
Self-citationSituational and interpersonal correlates of anxiety associated with peer victimisation
Slee, P. T. (1994) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/bf02253289 · Cited by 154
Relationship Between Cigarette Smoking and Health Risk and Problem Behaviors Among US Adolescents
Escobedo, L. G. (1997) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.1997.02170380070011 · Cited by 137
Bullies and victims in a school setting with reference to some Dublin schools
Byrne, B. J. (1994) · The Irish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/03033910.1994.10558031 · Cited by 118
The Nexus between Alcohol and Violent Crime
Zhang, L., Wieczorek, W. F., & Welte, J. W. (1997) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1997.tb04447.x · Cited by 103
Severson, H. H., & Biglan, A. (1989) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/0091-7435(89)90074-1 · Cited by 87
Risk‐taking Behavior in Adolescents: The Paradigma
Irwin, C. E., Igra, V., Eyre, S. L., & Millstein, S. G. (1997) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48193.x · Cited by 87
Aggression and Criminality in a Longitudinal Perspective
Magnusson, D., Stattin, H., & Dunér, A. (1983) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-6672-7_16 · Cited by 85
The Nexus between Alcohol and Violent Crime
Zhang, L., Wieczorek, W. F., & Welte, J. W. (1997) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1097/00000374-199710000-00016 · Cited by 85
Indicators of School Crime and Safety, 1999
Kaufman, P., Chen, X., Choy, S. P., Ruddy, S. A., Miller, A. K., Chandler, K. A., Chapman, C. D., Rand, M. R., & Klaus, P. A. (1999) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e515242006-001 · Cited by 79
Introduction to Miniseries: School Violence and Safety in Perspective
Furlong, M. J., & Morrison, G. M. (1994) · School Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/02796015.1994.12085702 · Cited by 76
Cooperativeness and Bully/Victim Problems Among Australian Schoolchildren
Rigby, K., Cox, I., & Black, G. (1997) · The Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/00224549709595446 · Cited by 75
Disruptive behaviour in schools
Frude, N., & Gault, H. (1984) · Wiley eBooks · Cited by 73
Adolescent Alcohol Use and Other Delinquent Behaviors
Newcomb, M. D., & McGee, L. (1989) · Criminal Justice and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0093854889016003006 · Cited by 72
Slee, P. T. (1995) · Children Youth and Environments · Cited by 49
Applicability of olweu' aggression inventory in a sample of chinese primary school children
Ekblad, S., & Olweus, D. (1986) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/1098-2337(1986)12:5 · Cited by 32
Petersen, A. C., Leffert, N., & Hurrelmann, K. (1993) · Teachers College Record The Voice of Scholarship in Education · doi:10.1177/016146819309400301 · Cited by 7
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- 10.1037/0022-006X.56.5.762 · DOI
- Johnston, L. D., 1996, National survey results on drug use from the monitoring and future study, 1975-1995. Vol. 1 Secondary School Students DHHS Publication No. (NIH, NIDA) 96-4139
- Lowenstein, L. F., 1998, Education Today, 44, 62
- Rys, G. S., 1997, Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 43, 87
- Weinberger, D. A., 1991, Social-emotional adjustment in older children and adults: Psychometric properties of the Weinberger Adjustment Inventory
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Bullying Behaviors Among US Youth
Nansel, T. R., Overpeck, M. D., Pilla, R. S., Ruan, W. J., Simons‐Morton, B. G., & Scheidt, P. C. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.285.16.2094 · Cited by 3,805
Self-citationSchool bullying among adolescents in the United States: Physical, verbal, relational, and cyber
Wang, J., Iannotti, R. J., & Nansel, T. R. (2009) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.03.021 · Cited by 2,045
Self-citationPrevalence estimation of school bullying with the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire
Solberg, M. E., & Olweus, D. (2003) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.10047 · Cited by 1,912
Bullying and the peer group: A review
Salmivalli, C. (2009) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2009.08.007 · Cited by 1,767
Predictors of bullying and victimization in childhood and adolescence: A meta-analytic investigation
Cook, C. R., Williams, K. R., Guerra, N. G., Kim, T. E., & Sadek, S. (2010) · School Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1037/a0020149 · Cited by 1,758
Metadata
- Authors
- Haynie, D. L., Nansel, T., Eitel, P., Crump, A. D., Saylor, K., Yu, K., & Simons-Morton, B.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Ogilvy and Mather
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- Neurosciences, Inc.
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- Venue
- The Journal of Early Adolescence
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2001-02
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 29-49
- ISSN
- 0272-4316 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-5449
- OpenAlex
- W2132970796
- Cited by
- 897
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 62 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 49 · 2015: 59 · 2014: 67 · 2013: 52 · 2012: 57
- FWCI
- 20.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Early Adolescence (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Workplace Violence and Bullying
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- bullying, victimization, bully-victims, junior high school students, adolescent peer relationships, psychosocial predictors, behavioral problems, peer influence, depressive symptoms, school functioning, parenting
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review