Cited by 190Mental Health Treatment and AccessTreatment of Major DepressionPsychological Treatments and Disorders

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Descriptive Epidemiology of Major Depressive Disorder in Canada in 2012

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Patten, Scott B, Williams, Jeanne V A, Lavorato, Dina H, Wang, Jian Li, McDonald, Keltie, Bulloch, Andrew G M·2015·The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry

DOI 10.1177/070674371506000106PMC PMC4314053

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Abstract

Objective: The epidemiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) was first described in the Canadian national population in 2002. Updated information is now available from a 2012 survey: the Canadian Community Health Study—Mental Health (CCHS-MH). Method: The CCHS-MH employed an adaptation of the World Health Organization World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview and had a sample of n = 25 113. Demographic variables, treatment, comorbidities, suicidal ideation, and perceived stigma were assessed. The analysis estimated adjusted and unadjusted frequencies and prevalence ratios. All estimates incorporated analysis methods to account for complex survey design effects. Results: The past-year prevalence of MDD was 3.9% (95% CI 3.5% to 4.2%). Prevalence was higher in women and in younger age groups. Among respondents with past-year MDD, 63.1% had sought treatment and 33.1% were taking an antidepressant (AD); 4.8% had past-year alcohol abuse and 4.5% had alcohol dependence. Among respondents with past-year MDD, the prevalence of cannabis abuse was 2.5% and that of dependence was 2.9%. For drugs other than cannabis, the prevalence of abuse was 2.3% and dependence was 2.9%. Generalized anxiety disorder was present in 24.9%. Suicide attempts were reported by 6.6% of respondents with past-year MDD. Among respondents accessing treatment, 37.5% perceived that others held negative opinions about them or treated them unfairly because of their disorder. Conclusions: MDD is a common, burdensome, and stigmatized condition in Canada. Seeking help from professionals was reported at a higher frequency than in prior Canadian studies, but there has been no increase in AD use among Canadians with MDD.

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Authors: Patten, S. B., Williams, J. V. A., Lavorato, D. H., Wang, J. L., McDonald, K., & Bulloch, A. G. M.
Affiliations: University of Calgary (CA)
Associate Professor, Departments of Community Health Sciences and Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; Member, Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta
Corresponding author: Patten, Scott B
ORCID: Patten, Scott B
Williams, Jeanne V A
McDonald, Keltie
Bulloch, Andrew G M
Venue: The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2015-01
Volume: 60
Issue: 1
Pages: 23-30
ISSN: 0706-7437 (ISSN-L)
1497-0015
DOI: 10.1177/070674371506000106
PMC: PMC4314053
OpenAlex: W601754225
Cited by: 190
References: 26
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 4
FWCI: 36.09
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Mental Health Commission
Alberta Innovates
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (130415_1)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Disorders
Keywords: major depressive disorder, prevalence, suicide attempts, suicidal ideation, mental health stigma, antidepressant use, treatment seeking, comorbidities, alcohol abuse, cannabis use disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, sex differences, age differences
MeSH terms: Age Factors, Antidepressive Agents, Canada, Demography, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Suicide, Attempted, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Suicidal Ideation

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Descriptive Epidemiology of Major Depressive Disorder in Canada in 2012

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