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Cited by 96Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesBipolar Disorder and TreatmentTreatment of Major Depression

Efficacy of Divalproex Sodium in Patients with Panic Disorder and Mood Instability Who Have Not Responded to Conventional Therapy

Baetz, Marilyn, Bowen, Rudradeo C·1998·The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry
DOI 10.1177/070674379804300109
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Abstract

Objective: To determine the efficacy of divalproex sodium in the treatment of psychiatric outpatients with treatment refractory panic disorder and comorbid mood instability. Method: This was an 8-week, open-trial, flexible-dose outcome study conducted at a tertiary care referral centre. Individuals with panic disorder who failed to respond to a cognitive behavioural treatment program and standard antipanic medication, who also suffered from mood instability, were chosen to participate in the study. Divalproex sodium was administered at a flexible dose to reach serum levels of 300 to 600 umol/L (45 to 90 ug/ml) unless limited by tolerance. Patients were rated by self- and rater-administered questionnaires that measured the number of panic attacks, the degree of agoraphobic avoidance, the levels of depression, anxiety, and mood swings, and the perceived sense of well being. Results: Thirteen subjects were enrolled in the study, and 10 subjects completed it. Two dropped out early because of the medication's side effects, and 1 was lost within the first month of follow-up. All 10 subjects showed significant improvement in depressive and anxiety symptoms and mood instability. There was also a statistically and clinically significant improvement in panic attacks and measures of quality of life. Conclusions: These findings suggest that divalproex sodium is useful in the treatment of patients with panic disorder and concomitant mood instability, who are refractory to conventional treatment. Double-blind trials will be required to verify these findings.

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Crossref · 10.1177/070674379804300109

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34 of 34 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • There is no unequivocal definition of treatment-resistant panic disorder, and very heterogeneous criteria have been used across studies, making interpretation of results uncertain.

    “Currently, there is no unequivocal definition of TRPD. Very heterogeneous criteria have been used across different studies, making interpretation of the results uncertain.”

    From Management of Treatment-Resistant Panic Disorder (2017) · cites this paper as [14]

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Authors
Baetz, M., & Bowen, R. C.
Affiliations
University of Saskatchewan (CA)
Venue
The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
1998-02
Volume
43
Issue
1
Pages
73-77
ISSN
  • 0706-7437 (ISSN-L)
  • 1497-0015
DOI
10.1177/070674379804300109
OpenAlex
W100713338
Cited by
96
References
33
Citations by year
2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 6
FWCI
6.50
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations
  • The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
Keywords
divalproex sodium, panic disorder, mood instability, comorbid depression, agoraphobic avoidance, mood swings, psychiatric outpatients, quality of life
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Affect, Aged, Agoraphobia, Anxiety Disorders, Bipolar Disorder, Combined Modality Therapy, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Valproic Acid, Comorbidity, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Panic Disorder, Treatment Outcome

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