The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer’s Disease, and Other Dementias in the Lives of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) Older Adults and Their Caregivers: Needs and Competencies
Open accessAbstract
Cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease, and other dementias are important health concerns for older adults. As a marginalized and growing segment of the older adult population, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) older adults face distinct risk factors related to cognitive impairment and dementias, including social isolation, discrimination, barriers to health care access, limited availability of and support for caregivers, and higher rates of certain chronic illnesses. We examine cognitive impairment and dementias among LGBT older adults, describe their unique risk factors, and outline key competencies for health care and human service providers to ensure culturally relevant care for LGBT older adults experiencing cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease, or other dementias, as well as their caregivers, families, and communities. Implications include developing an awareness of the context of LGBT older adults’ lives and relationships, the importance of early detection and support, and the development of policies and practices that promote community-level advocacy and education.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Living alone with dementia may be a particular challenge for certain subgroups, such as lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) individuals, who may experience greater isolation due to potential social stigma and a diminished social network of available family or friend caregivers.404,405”
From 2023 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures (2023) · cites this paper as [405]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
2016 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
Alzheimer's Association (2016) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2016.03.001 · Cited by 5,069
Hearing loss and cognitive decline in older adults
Lin, F. R., Yaffe, K., Xia, J., Xue, Q.-L., Harris, T. B., Purchase-Helzner, E., Satterfield, S., Ayonayon, H. N., Ferrucci, L., Simonsick, E. M., et al. (2013) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.1868 · Cited by 4,017
Social isolation, loneliness, and all-cause mortality in older men and women
Steptoe, A., Shankar, A., Demakakos, P., & Wardle, J. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1219686110 · Cited by 2,503
Perceived social isolation and cognition
Cacioppo, J. T., & Hawkley, L. C. (2009) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2009.06.005 · Cited by 2,144
Social disconnectedness, perceived isolation, and health among older adults
Cornwell, E. Y., & Waite, L. J. (2009) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.1177/002214650905000103 · Cited by 2,027
Prevalence of Dementia in the United States: The Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study
Plassman, B. L., Langa, K. M., Fisher, G. G., Heeringa, S. G., Weir, D. R., Ofstedal, M. B., Burke, J. R., Hurd, M. D., Potter, G. G., Rodgers, W. L., et al. (2007) · Neuroepidemiology · doi:10.1159/000109998 · Cited by 1,932
(2010) · Virtual Defense Library (Ministerio de Defensa) · Cited by 1,530
Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards
Gambrill, E. D. (2001) · Journal of Social Work Education · doi:10.1080/10437797.2001.10779050 · Cited by 1,500
Monetary Costs of Dementia in the United States
Hurd, M. D., Martorell, P., Delavande, A., Mullen, K. J., & Langa, K. M. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmsa1204629 · Cited by 1,484
Fredriksen-Goldsen, K. I., Kim, H.-J., Barkan, S. E., Muraco, A., & Hoy-Ellis, C. P. (2013) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2012.301110 · Cited by 965
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 51 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Archibald C., 2003, Alzheimer’s Care Quarterly, 4, 137
- Fredriksen-Goldsen K. I., 2016, Generations, 40, 6
- Nordmarken S., 2014, Transgender Studies Quarterly, 1, 124
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–148 of 148
The importance of social ties in later life
Pijpers, R., & van Beek, A. P. A. (. (2021) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610220004159 · Cited by 2
Pijpers, R., & Honsbeek, K. (2023) · Ageing and Society · doi:10.1017/s0144686x23000624 · Cited by 2
Toward an Equitable Society for Every Generation
Kim, B., & Belza, B. L. (2017) · Journal of Gerontological Nursing · doi:10.3928/00989134-20171012-01 · Cited by 2
Dementia and Cognitive Impairment
Chong, Y. F. V., & Tang, S. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-99967-0.00134-4 · Cited by 2
Ahessy, B. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192898364.013.9 · Cited by 1
Kim, H., Fredriksen‐Goldsen, K. I., & Nelson, C. L. (2025) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbaf070 · Cited by 1
Self-citationUnderstanding the Association Between Substance Use and Loneliness in Midlife and Older Adults
Poghosyan, H., McIntosh, J. T., Sarkar, S., Ramos, S. R., Empleo-Frazier, O., Colline, N., & Feder, S. L. (2026) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph23020151 · Cited by 2
HIV and Brain Health in LGBTQ PoC
Ramos, S. D. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-70060-7_8 · Cited by 1
Implementing Legislative Policy Intervention Into Long-Term Care Practice Settings
Cox, L. E., Dunkle, J. S., & Seel, C. (2023) · Research on Social Work Practice · doi:10.1177/10497315221147888 · Cited by 1
The Unseen Burden: A Qualitative Investigation of Polish LGBTQ+ Caregivers’ Experiences
Leszko, M. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14061959 · Cited by 2
Velhice LGBT e pessoas espíritas: Um estudo das representações sociais
de Jesus, L. A., de Araújo, L. F., Santos, J. V. D. O., Gomes, H. V., Salgado, A. G. A. T., & Araújo, M. M. (2019) · Revista de psicología · doi:10.5354/0719-0581.2019.55657 · Cited by 1
LGBTI Perspectives on Clinical Issues and Approaches in Later Life
Hillman, J. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818697-8.00023-6 · Cited by 1
Shubair, S. A. (2022) · doi:10.18297/etd/3846 · Cited by 1
Howe, E. G. (2017) · Madridge Journal of Women s Health and Emancipation · doi:10.18689/mjwh-1000107
Commentary. The importance of social ties in later life.
Pijpers, R., & van der Beek, S. (2021) · Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)
Women and Alzheimer's disease risk: a focus on gender
Schindler, E., & Reddy, P. H. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15256-6.00002-7
Parkinson's disease in LGBT+ older adults: The unexplored connection
Scorza, F. A., de Almeida, A.-C. G., FIORINI, A. C., Scorza, C. A., & Finsterer, J. (2023) · Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.clinsp.2023.100196
A Call to Action: Improving Support for Sexual and Gender Minority Dementia Caregivers
Sassatelli, E. H. (2023) · Journal of Gerontological Nursing · doi:10.3928/00989134-20230706-01
Rorintulus, O., Manuas, M., & Tuerah, I. J. (2022) · Journal of English Language Teaching, Literature and Culture · doi:10.53682/jeltec.v1i2.6272 · Cited by 1
Sexual Orientation Disparities in Subjective Cognitive Decline in a Large Cohort of Female Nurses
McKetta, S. C., Berzansky, I., Reynolds, C. A., Grodstein, F., Blacker, D., & Charlton, B. M. (2025) · LGBT Health · doi:10.1089/lgbt.2024.0183
Chidiac, C., Walshe, C., Lowers, J., & Preston, N. J. (2025) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-025-06006-4
Decoding the Complexity of Pain in Older Adults
da Silva, T. M. H. R. (2025) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-9501-1.ch009 · Cited by 1
Steinberg, N. S., Carter, K. A., Smith, K. M., & Bern‐Klug, M. (2025) · Journal of Gerontological Social Work · doi:10.1080/01634372.2025.2522987
da Silva, T. M. H. R. (2025) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-6432-1.ch008
Wright, M., Shippee, T. P., Skarphol, T., Flatt, J. D., Alberth, A. G., Moone, R. P., & Rosser, B. R. S. (2025) · Journal of Applied Gerontology · doi:10.1177/07334648251378797
Merrilees, J. J., Dulaney, S., & LEVENSON, R. W. (2025) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108985055.026
Smith, L., Taylor, S., Newman, C. E., & Phillipson, L. (2025) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2025.2585508
Close Relationships in Middle and Late Adulthood
Stokes, J. E. (2026) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009381949.011
García‐Sánchez, R., Romero, M., Bonafonte, M., Rocha, K. B., & Mora, V. (2026) · Journal of Applied Gerontology · doi:10.1177/07334648261443033
LGBTQ+ Issues in the Elderly: Psychosocial Aspects
Jakhar, J., & Gorthi, N. V. S. S. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-2121-0_44
Guo, Y., Shi, J., Chen, S., Sims, O. T., & Yang, F. (2026) · Journal of HIV & Social Services · doi:10.1080/30681634.2026.2678573
Cognitive functioning and dementia in aging women
Mielke, M. M., Lee, J., & Yaffe, K. S. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-45863-7.00109-8
Long-term care: the global impact on women
Fredriksen‐Goldsen, K. I., Jones‐Cobb, B., & Bonifas, R. P. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-45863-7.00111-6
Self-citationChan, A. S. W., Asiamah, N., Wong, F. K. C., & Tan, R. K. J. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9823850/v1
Siwach, G., & Compte, C. G. L. (2026) · Boston Congress of Public Health Review (BCPHR Formerly HPHR) · doi:10.54111/001c.165236
Vale, M. T., Trunko, A., & Bisconti, T. L. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-27490-9.00005-1
Affirmative Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Craig, D. S. L. (2026) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197778654.003.0001
Craig, D. S. L. (2026) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197778654.002.0006
Working With Specific Populations and Clinical Modalities
Austin, D. A., Yang, D. W., & Craig, D. S. L. (2026) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197778654.003.0004
Troubleshooting Common Clinical Challenges
Craig, S. L. (2026) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197778654.003.0005
Muroff, J. R. (2026) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197778654.002.0005
Core Affirmative CBT Content and Clinical Strategies
Pascoe, R. V., Hui, D. J., & Craig, S. L. (2026) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197778654.003.0003
Craig, D. S. L. (2026) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197778654.002.0007
Craig, D. S. L. (2026) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197778654.003.0002
Metadata
- Authors
- Fredriksen-Goldsen, K. I., Jen, S., Bryan, A. E. B., & Goldsen, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington (US)
- ORCID
- Jen, Sarah
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Gerontology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2016-10-10
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 545-569
- ISSN
- 0733-4648 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-4523
- PMC
- PMC5383534
- OpenAlex
- W2530784887
- Cited by
- 148
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 0.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Gerontology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG026526)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
- Social Sciences › Life-span and Life-course Studies › Aging, Elder Care, and Social Issues
- Keywords
- cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, LGBT older adults, caregivers, social isolation, discrimination, health care access, culturally relevant care, provider competence, early detection, community advocacy, family caregiving
- MeSH terms
- Sexual and Gender Minorities, Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Attitude of Health Personnel, Clinical Competence, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Risk Factors, Social Support, Caregivers, Needs Assessment, Cognitive Dysfunction, Culturally Competent Care
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review