How Are Income and Education Related to the Prevention and Management of Diabetes?
Abstract
Objective: To understand whether income and education have unique contributions in the prevention and management of diabetes, as measured by Hba1c levels among diagnosed and undiagnosed individuals. Method: Data were obtained from the Nashville Stress and Health Study ( N = 1,189). Ordinary least squares regression analyses were used to examine the associations among education, annual household income, diabetes onset, and diabetes management (Hba1c). Results: Education, but not income, was inversely associated with Hba1c in undiagnosed participants. Income, but not education, was inversely associated with Hba1c among diagnosed participants. Discussion: These results support the idea that education and income provide non-fungible social and economic resources that vary in their consequences for Hba1c level depending on whether someone has been diagnosed with diabetes. The social resources provided by education may be more important in delaying the onset of disease, whereas resources provided by income may be more important for disease management.
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Metabolic disease is inversely correlated with income.
“metabolic disease is inversely correlated with income15.”
From Impact of digital health interventions on glycemic control and weight management. (2025) · cites this paper as [15]
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- Authors
- Allen, K., & McFarland, M.
- Affiliations
- Florida State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Allen, Kristin
- Venue
- Journal of Aging and Health
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2019-10-14
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1063-1074
- ISSN
- 0898-2643 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-6887
- OpenAlex
- W2980742309
- Cited by
- 33
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 2.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Aging and Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- diabetes prevention, diabetes management, HbA1c, household income, education, socioeconomic status, diabetes onset, undiagnosed diabetes, social resources, older adults
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Diabetes Mellitus, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Income, Male, Middle Aged, Social Class, Young Adult
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