2018 European (IUSTI/WHO) International Union against sexually transmitted infections (IUSTI) World Health Organisation (WHO) guideline on the management of vaginal discharge
Abstract
Four common pathological conditions are associated with vaginal discharge: bacterial vaginosis, aerobic vaginitis, candidosis, and the sexually transmitted infection, trichomoniasis. Chlamydial or gonococcal cervical infection may result in vaginal discharge. Vaginal discharge may be caused by a range of other physiological and pathological conditions including atrophic vaginitis, desquamative inflammatory vaginitis, cervicitis, and mucoid ectopy. Psychosexual problems may present with recurrent episodes of vaginal discharge and vulval burning. These need to be considered if tests for specific infections are negative. Many of the symptoms and signs are non-specific and a number of women may have other conditions such as vulval dermatoses or allergic and irritant reactions.
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An alternative maintenance regimen of 200 mg doses of fluconazole weekly for 2 months, then every 2 weeks for 4 months, followed by once-monthly 200 mg doses for another 6 months has also been assessed.
“An alternative maintenance regimen of 200 mg doses of fluconazole weekly for 2 months, then every 2 weeks for 4 months, followed by once-monthly 200 mg doses for another 6 months has also been assessed.22,23”
From Clinical challenges in diagnosis and treatment of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (2022) · cites this paper as [23]
In most clinical practice guidelines, oral fluconazole is recommended as the first-line treatment for RVVC.
“In most clinical practice guidelines, oral fluconazole is recommended as the first-line treatment.”
From Management of recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis: Narrative review of the literature and European expert panel opinion (2022) · cites this paper as Sherrard et al., 2018
The highest prevalence rate of RVVC (9%) is observed in women aged 25 to 34 years, with a global prevalence of about 7% in 15- to 54-year-old women.
“The highest prevalence rate (9%) is observed in women aged 25 to 34 years, with a global prevalence of about 7% in 15- to 54-year-old women (Denning et al., 2018; Sherrard et al., 2018; Farr et al., 2021a).”
From Management of recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis: Narrative review of the literature and European expert panel opinion (2022) · cites this paper as Sherrard et al., 2018
Recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis (RVVC) is a chronic, difficult-to-treat vaginal infection caused by Candida species, affecting women of all ages and ethnic and social backgrounds.
“Recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis (RVVC) is a chronic, difficult to treat vaginal infection, caused by Candida species, which affects women of all ages and ethnic and social background.”
From Management of recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis: Narrative review of the literature and European expert panel opinion (2022) · cites this paper as Sherrard et al., 2018
In European guidelines and according to the Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines, four or more symptomatic episodes of VVC per year are needed for RVVC diagnosis.
“In the European guidelines and according to the Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines, four or more symptomatic episodes of VVC per year are needed for this diagnosis (Pappas et al., 2015; Sherrard et al., 2018; Farr et al., 2021a; McKloud et al., 2021).”
From Management of recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis: Narrative review of the literature and European expert panel opinion (2022) · cites this paper as Sherrard et al., 2018
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- Authors
- Sherrard, J., Wilson, J., Donders, G., Mendling, W., & Jensen, J. S.
- Affiliations
- Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust (GB)
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust (GB)
- Antwerp University Hospital (BE)
- Infektionen in Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Wuppertal, Germany
- Statens Serum Institut (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Sherrard, Jackie
- Jensen, Jørgen S
- Venue
- International Journal of STD & AIDS
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2018-07-27
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 1258-1272
- ISSN
- 0956-4624 (ISSN-L)
- 1758-1052
- OpenAlex
- W2882984619
- Cited by
- 297
- References
- 110
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 60 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 20.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of STD & AIDS (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Reproductive tract infections research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gynecological conditions and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
- Keywords
- vaginal discharge, bacterial vaginosis, aerobic vaginitis, vaginal candidiasis, trichomoniasis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, vaginal atrophy, desquamative inflammatory vaginitis, cervicitis, psychosexual problems, sexually transmitted infections, clinical management
- MeSH terms
- Europe, Female, Humans, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Trichomonas Infections, Vaginitis, World Health Organization, Vaginosis, Bacterial, Guidelines as Topic, Vaginal Discharge
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