Cited by 667Social and Intergroup PsychologyEmotions and Moral BehaviorSocial Power and Status Dynamics

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Social Class, Contextualism, and Empathic Accuracy

Kraus, Michael W., Côté, Stéphane, Keltner, Dacher·2010·Psychological Science

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Abstract

Recent research suggests that lower-class individuals favor explanations of personal and political outcomes that are oriented to features of the external environment. We extended this work by testing the hypothesis that, as a result, individuals of a lower social class are more empathically accurate in judging the emotions of other people. In three studies, lower-class individuals (compared with upper-class individuals) received higher scores on a test of empathic accuracy (Study 1), judged the emotions of an interaction partner more accurately (Study 2), and made more accurate inferences about emotion from static images of muscle movements in the eyes (Study 3). Moreover, the association between social class and empathic accuracy was explained by the tendency for lower-class individuals to explain social events in terms of features of the external environment. The implications of class-based patterns in empathic accuracy for well-being and relationship outcomes are discussed.

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Authors: Kraus, M. W., Côté, S., & Keltner, D.
Affiliations: University of California, San Francisco (US)
University of Toronto (CA)
University of California, Berkeley (US)
Corresponding author: Kraus, Michael W.
ORCID: Kraus, Michael W.
Côté, Stéphane
Keltner, Dacher
Venue: Psychological Science
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2010-10-25
Volume: 21
Issue: 11
Pages: 1716-1723
ISSN: 0956-7976 (ISSN-L)
1467-9280
DOI: 10.1177/0956797610387613
OpenAlex: W2133353131
Cited by: 663
References: 45
Citations by year: 2026: 25 · 2025: 49 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 98 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 27
FWCI: 70.76
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Psychological Science (publishedVersion, public-domain)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Power and Status Dynamics
Keywords: social class, empathic accuracy, contextualism, emotion judgment, interpersonal relationships, well-being, emotional facial expressions
MeSH terms: Adult, Emotions, Empathy, Facial Expression, Female, Hierarchy, Social, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Middle Aged, Nonverbal Communication, Social Behavior, Social Class, Social Environment, Social Perception

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Social Class, Contextualism, and Empathic Accuracy

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