CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 148Child and Animal Learning DevelopmentDeception detection and forensic psychologyEarly Childhood Education and Development

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 59 of the 59 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Theory-of-Mind Training Causes Honest Young Children to Lie

Open access
Ding, Xiao Pan, Wellman, Henry M., Wang, Yu, Fu, Genyue, Lee, Kang·2015·Psychological Science
DOI 10.1177/0956797615604628PMC PMC4636928
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Theory of mind (ToM) has long been recognized to play a major role in children’s social functioning. However, no direct evidence confirms the causal linkage between the two. In the current study, we addressed this significant gap by examining whether ToM causes the emergence of lying, an important social skill. We showed that after participating in ToM training to learn about mental-state concepts, 3-year-olds who originally had been unable to lie began to deceive consistently. This training effect lasted for more than a month. In contrast, 3-year-olds who participated in control training to learn about physical concepts were significantly less inclined to lie than the ToM-trained children. These findings provide the first experimental evidence supporting the causal role of ToM in the development of social competence in early childhood.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1177/0956797615604628

Cites

59 of 59 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 59 references

Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. 10.2307/1131762 · DOI
  2. 10.2307/1131124 · DOI
  3. Wang T., 1982, The Chinese comparative intelligence test guidebook

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Items 101–148 of 148

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Ding, X. P., Wellman, H. M., Wang, Y., Fu, G., & Lee, K.
Affiliations
  • Zhejiang Normal University (CN)
  • University of Michigan (US)
  • Hangzhou Normal University (CN)
Corresponding author
Lee, Kang
ORCID
Venue
Psychological Science
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2015-10-02
Volume
26
Issue
11
Pages
1812-1821
ISSN
  • 0956-7976 (ISSN-L)
  • 1467-9280
DOI
10.1177/0956797615604628
PMC
PMC4636928
OpenAlex
W2175496002
Cited by
148
References
59
Citations by year
2026: 26 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 1
FWCI
23.60
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations
  • Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R37HD022149, HD047290, R01HD047290, R01HD046526, HD022149, R01HD022149)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Deception detection and forensic psychology
  • Social Sciences › Education › Early Childhood Education and Development
Keywords
theory of mind, lying, deception, social competence, early childhood, honesty, three-year-old children
MeSH terms
Child, Child, Preschool, China, Female, Humans, Deception, Male, Social Behavior, Theory of Mind

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review