Cited by 360Resilience and Mental HealthAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPersonality Disorders and Psychopathology

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Distress Tolerance: Theory, Measurement, and Relations to Psychopathology

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Zvolensky, Michael J., Vujanovic, Anka A., Bernstein, Amit, Leyro, Teresa·2010·Current Directions in Psychological Science

DOI 10.1177/0963721410388642PMC PMC7978414

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Abstract

In this article we present the theoretical and empirical bases of distress tolerance research. Although distress tolerance offers a promising lens through which to better understand various psychological symptoms and disorders, further theoretical development and empirical inquiry is needed to promote our understanding of the construct. Overall, a number of questions regarding its theoretical conceptualization and measurement, associations with related constructs and psychopathology, and role(s) in therapeutic change and intervention remain unanswered. Directions for future research are discussed to stimulate further empirical study on this theoretically and clinically promising topic.

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The Distress Tolerance Scale: Development and Validation of a Self-Report Measure
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Lynch T.R., Distress tolerance
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The Association between Distress Tolerance and Alcohol Outcomes via Internal Drinking Motives
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“Specifically, there has been a growing focus on how individual differences in distress tolerance affect the development and prognosis of psychological disorders (Zvolensky et al., 2010).”
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Martin, R. L., Bauer, B. W., Ramsey, K. L., Green, B. A., Capron, D. W., & Anestis, M. D. (2018) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.12523 · Cited by 22
“Research involving distress tolerance has indicate a key role in psychological disorders (Zvolensky et al., 2010).”
Background
Distress tolerance and lifetime frequency of non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI): A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Akbari, M., Seydavi, M., Firoozabadi, M. A., & Babaeifard, M. (2024) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2957 · Cited by 21
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Re-refining the measurement of distress intolerance
Bebane, S., Flowe, H. D., & Maltby, J. (2015) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.05.005 · Cited by 21
Main and interactive effects of emotion dysregulation and breath-holding duration in relation to panic-relevant fear and expectancies about anxiety-related sensations among adult daily smokers
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Implementing Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Training With at-Risk Male Youth in a Military-Style Residential Program
Anestis, J. C., Charles, N. E., Lee-Rowland, L. M., Barry, C. T., & Gratz, K. L. (2020) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2019.07.001 · Cited by 17
Psychological predictors of treatment adherence among patients with diabetes (types I and II): Modified information–motivation–behavioural skills model
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Embodied Cognition in Meditation, Yoga, and Ethics—An Experimental Single-Case Study on the Differential Effects of Four Mind–Body Treatments
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The prediction of distress tolerance based on the feeling of loneliness and self-handicapping in students
Karami, A., Khodarahimi, S., Ghazanfari, F., Mirdrikvand, F., & Barigh, M. (2020) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2020.109994 · Cited by 19
Perceived willpower self-efficacy fluctuates dynamically with affect and distress intolerance
Veilleux, J. C., Skinner, K. D., Baker, D. E., & Chamberlain, K. D. (2020) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2020.104058 · Cited by 19
“Oh, My God! My Season Is Over!” COVID-19 and Regulation of the Psychological Response in Spanish High-Performance Athletes
Hernández, J. G., López-Mora, C., Yüce, A., López, A. N., & Tovar-Gálvez, M. I. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.622529 · Cited by 21
Adolescent friendships in the context of dual risk: The roles of low adolescent distress tolerance and harsh parental response to adolescent distress.
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The Influence of a Personal Values Intervention on Cold Pressor-Induced Distress Tolerance
Smith, B. M., Villatte, J. L., Ong, C. W., Butcher, G. M., Twohig, M. P., Levin, M. E., & Hayes, S. C. (2018) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445518782402 · Cited by 32
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Distress tolerance in romantic relationships: A daily diary exploration with methodological considerations
Doorley, J. D., Kashdan, T. B., Alexander, L. A., Blalock, D. V., & McKnight, P. E. (2019) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-019-09751-3 · Cited by 21
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“Lack of distress tolerance has been conceptualized as an incapacity to tolerate negative emotions that leads to maladaptive coping (Zvolensky et al., 2010) and has been a target of psychotherapeutic intervention (McMain, Guimond, Barnhart, Habinski, & Streiner, 2017).”
BackgroundResult
An investigation of distress tolerance and difficulties in emotion regulation in the drive for muscularity among women
Cunningham, M. L., Szabó, M., Rodgers, R. F., Franko, D. L., Eddy, K. T., Thomas, J. J., Murray, S. B., & Griffiths, S. (2020) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.03.004 · Cited by 18
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“One possible mechanism of change that merits further study is that of distress tolerance, de ﬁ ned as the ability to tolerate aversive mental states (Zvolensky et al., 2010).”
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Heleniak, C., Bolden, C. R., McCabe, C. J., Lambert, H. K., Rosen, M. L., King, K. M., Monahan, K. C., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2021) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-021-00805-0 · Cited by 16
Differential Associations Between Perceived and Objective Measurement of Distress Tolerance in Relation to Antiretroviral Treatment Adherence and Response Among HIV-Positive Individuals
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Is distress tolerance an approach behavior? An examination of frontal alpha asymmetry and distress tolerance in adolescents
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“…in the literature in the present study by examining the five factors of distress tolerance (i.e. uncertainty, ambiguity, frustration, negative emotion, physical discomfort) put forth by Zvolensky et al. (2010) as prospective predictors of perceived stress over the course of two assessment sessions.”
A discriminant analysis model of psychosocial predictors of problematic Internet use and cannabis use disorder in university students
Akbari, M., Bahadori, M. H., Mohammadkhani, S., Kolubinski, D. C., Nikčević, A. V., & Spada, M. M. (2021) · Addictive Behaviors Reports · doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2021.100354 · Cited by 15
Evaluation of Anxiety Sensitivity among Daily Adult Smokers using Item Response Theory Analysis
Zvolensky, M. J., Strong, D., Bernstein, A., Vujanovic, A. A., & Marshall, E. C. (2008) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.07.005 · Cited by 12
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Quickert, R. E., & MacDonald, T. K. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17186472 · Cited by 14
“, someone low in distress tolerance or high in experiential avoidance [74,75]), that person would likely report greater challenges with being mindful in the presence of negative emotions.”
Background
Relationship of affect intolerance with anxiety, depressive, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in youth
Shaw, A. M., Halliday, E. R., Tonarely, N. A., & Ehrenreich-May, J. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.048 · Cited by 14
Maternal alcohol dependence and harsh caregiving across parenting contexts: The moderating role of child negative emotionality
Jacques, D. T., Sturge‐Apple, M. L., Davies, P. T., & Cicchetti, D. (2019) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579419001445 · Cited by 14
The mediating effect of distress tolerance on the relationship between stressful life events and suicide risk in patients with major depressive disorder
Zhong, J., Huang, X., Wang, X.-M., & Xu, M.-Z. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-04600-7 · Cited by 13
Reductions in Distress Intolerance via Intervention: A Review
Heiland, A. M., & Veilleux, J. C. (2023) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-023-10425-1 · Cited by 14
“Distress intolerance thus can refer to difficulties withstanding physi - cal discomfort or pain, intolerance of uncertainty or ambiguity, difficulties withstanding frustration and/or intolerance of negative affect (Zvolensky et al., 2010).”
Perceived Discrimination and Substance Use among Adolescents: Examining the Moderating Effect of Distress Tolerance and Negative Urgency
Zapolski, T. C. B., Rowe, A. T., Banks, D. E., & Faidley, M. T. (2018) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2018.1512625 · Cited by 16
Does successful smoking cessation reduce anxious arousal among treatment-seeking smokers?
Farris, S. G., Allan, N. P., Morales, P. C., Schmidt, N. B., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2015) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.07.009 · Cited by 14
Self-citation
Anxiety sensitivity as a moderator of the association between smoking status and anxiety symptoms and bodily vigilance: Replication and extension in a young adult sample
McLeish, A. C., Zvolensky, M. J., Yartz, A. R., & Leyro, T. M. (2007) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.09.018 · Cited by 14
Self-citation
Entrepreneurial intention and creative performance – the role of distress tolerance
Caniëls, M. C. J., & Motylska-Kuźma, A. (2023) · International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal · doi:10.1007/s11365-023-00863-4 · Cited by 17
Heightened adolescent emotional reactivity in the brain is associated with lower future distress tolerance and higher depressive symptoms
Giacco, A. C. D., Jones, S. A., Hernandez, K. O., Barnes, S. J., & Nagel, B. J. (2023) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111659 · Cited by 18
When is your distress harder to tolerate? A qualitative analysis of situations in which distress tolerance is impaired and strengthened
Veilleux, J. C., Hyde, K. C., & Clift, J. B. (2021) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.12.008 · Cited by 17
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Powers, M. B., Kauffman, B. Y., Kleinsasser, A. L., Lee-Furman, E., Smits, J. A. J., Zvolensky, M. J., & Rosenfield, D. (2016) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2016.08.012 · Cited by 14
Self-citation
The indirect effect of panic disorder on smoking cognitions via difficulties in emotion regulation
Yang, M.-J., Zvolensky, M. J., & Leyro, T. M. (2017) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.03.021 · Cited by 12
Self-citation
Multivariate associations of ideal affect with clinical symptoms.
Swerdlow, B. A., Pearlstein, J. G., & Johnson, S. L. (2018) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0000468 · Cited by 13
The relationship between emotional clarity and suicidal ideation among trauma-exposed adolescents in inpatient psychiatric care: does distress tolerance matter?
Viana, A. G., Raines, E. M., Woodward, E. C., Candelari, A. E., Walker, R. L., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2018) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2018.1536163 · Cited by 16
“…the PASAT-C, our measure of DT, serves as a behavioral index of cognitive/ psychological DT; future studies would benefit from including a broader assessment of DT that includes tolerance of physical, emotional, and cognitive/psychological distress (Law et al., 2015; Zvolensky et al., 2010).”
MethodSelf-citation
Associations between rumination, depression, and distress tolerance during CBT treatment for depression in a tertiary care setting
Patel, A., Daros, A. R., Irwin, S. H., Lau, P. H., Hope, I. M., Perkovic, S. J. M., Laposa, J. M., Husain, M. I., Levitan, R. D., Kloiber, S. M., et al. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.06.063 · Cited by 15
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“Distress tolerance is defined as one’s perceived ability to experience and withstand negative emotions, and one’s behavioral act of withstanding a negative stressor (Bardeen et al., 2013; Simons & Gaher, 2005; Zvolensky et al., 2010).”
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“As typical aspects of emotion regulation ability, distress tolerance and emotion flexibility are both regarded as transdiagnostic pro - cesses whose mechanisms or processes cross the diagnostic boundaries of specific disorders (Aldao, 2013; Zvolensky et al., 2010).”
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Wang, R., Lin, X., Ye, Z., Hua, G., & Liu, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.939508 · Cited by 12
“Tolerance of uncertainty (TU) refers to individual differences in emotional, cognitive, or behavioral reactions to uncertain situations (Buhr and Dugas, 2002; Zvolensky et al., 2010).”
Background
Nonclinical Panic Attack History and Anxiety Sensitivity: Testing the Differential Moderating Role of Self-Report and Behavioral Indices of Distress Tolerance
Johnson, K. A., Berenz, E. C., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2011) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-011-9410-y · Cited by 12
“…measures; e.g., Distress Tolerance Scale [DTS; Simons and Gaher 2005]), and (b) the behavioral act(s) of withstanding distressing internal states elicited by some type of stressor (assessed via the latency to discontinue distressing tasks; e.g., breath-holding task; Zvolensky et al. 2010).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Predictors of behavioral avoidance during respiratory symptom provocation
Benke, C., Krause, E., Hamm, A. O., & Pané‐Farré, C. A. (2018) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2018.11.012 · Cited by 12
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Race as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Distress Tolerance and Cigarette Smoking
Dahne, J., Stratton, K. J., Brown, R. C., Amstadter, A., Lejuez, C., & MacPherson, L. (2013) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.3109/10826084.2013.863346 · Cited by 11
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Emotion regulation and OCD among sexual minority people: Identifying treatment targets
Bezahler, A., Kuckertz, J. M., McKay, D., Falkenstein, M. J., & Feinstein, B. A. (2023) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102807 · Cited by 11
Self-control in career decision-making: The roles of the hot and cool systems of gratification delay
Xu, H. (2021) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2021.103652 · Cited by 11
The relationship between distress tolerance and psychological health: Mediation effects of decentering and avoidant coping
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Excessive reassurance seeking in depression versus obsessive-compulsive disorder: Cross-sectional and cognitive behavioural therapy treatment comparisons
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The Nomological Network of a Behavioral Distress Tolerance Task in Veterans
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A network conceptualization of the multiple facets of distress tolerance
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“…DT involve affect regulation as well as risk and protective factors including frustration discomfort, tolerance of ambiguity, and intolerance of uncertainty (Bardeen et al., 2013; Zvolensky et al., 2010) but may also include manifestations of DT such as emotion regulation and anxiety sensitivity.”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Defining and Measuring Tolerance of Uncontrollability
Hay, A., Barthel, A. L., Moskow, D. M., & Hofmann, S. G. (2022) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-021-10259-9 · Cited by 8
Distress tolerance is linked with substance use motivations and problems in young adults across four continents
Anderson, G. N., Conway, C., Bravo, A. J., & The Cross‐Cultural Addictions Study Team (2024) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12963 · Cited by 14
Intolerance of Uncertainty and Emotion Dysregulation as Predictors of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Severity in a Clinical Population
Larochelle, S., Dugas, M. J., Langlois, F., Gosselin, P., Belleville, G., & Bouchard, S. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14051502 · Cited by 11
“Indeed, both intolerance of uncertainty and emotion dysregulation are also observed in other mental health problems [72,73].”
Latent patterns of sleep disturbance, pain impact, and depressive symptoms in residential substance use treatment
Ellis, J. D., Rabinowitz, J. A., Strickland, J. C., Skandan, N., Hobelmann, J. G., Finan, P. H., & Huhn, A. S. (2023) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109903 · Cited by 8
What is distress tolerance? Presenting a need for conceptual clarification based on qualitative findings
Lass, A. N. S., Veilleux, J. C., DeShong, H. L., & Winer, E. S. (2023) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.05.003 · Cited by 10
Predictors of breath-holding duration among treatment-seeking tobacco users
Hogan, J., Farris, S. G., Brandt, C. P., Schmidt, N. B., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2014) · Journal of Substance Use · doi:10.3109/14659891.2014.884176 · Cited by 8
“Although there are numerous methods for measuring distress intolerance (see Leyro et al., 2010; Zvolensky et al., 2010, for reviews), breath-holding duration has been among the most commonly used method in the smoking cessation literature.”
MethodSelf-citation
Distress Tolerance and Craving for Cigarettes Among Heavy Drinking Smokers
Lim, A. C., Roche, D. J. O., & Ray, L. A. (2018) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs · doi:10.15288/jsad.2018.79.918 · Cited by 8
Examination of the indirect effect of childhood emotional trauma on internalizing symptoms through distress intolerance
Yang, M.-J., Sawhney, V., McHugh, R. K., & Leyro, T. M. (2020) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2020.1810053 · Cited by 8
Self-citation
Investigating the relationship between the five-factor model of distress tolerance, anxiety and anxiety sensitivity
de Lafontaine, M.-F., Turcotte, S., Denis, I., & Foldes‐Busque, G. (2022) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2022.2077929 · Cited by 8
“While a five-factor model of DT has been proposed (Zvolensky et al., 2010), its validity warrants further investigation.”
BackgroundInfluential
COVID-19 Related Stresses, Conspiracy Beliefs, Uncertainty, and Non-adherence to Safety Guidelines
Barahmand, U., Mohamadpour, S., & Ahmad, R. H. S. (2022) · International Journal of Psychological Research · doi:10.21500/20112084.5367 · Cited by 6
Distress tolerance moderates the relationship between anger experience and elevated blood pressure
Onyedibe, M. C., Ibeagha, P. N., & Onyishi, I. E. (2019) · South African Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1177/0081246319832540 · Cited by 8
“…with the theoretical assumptions that individuals with a high level of distress tolerance tend to possess generalized perceived capacity to cope with aversive situations as well engage in behaviors that enable them to reduce feelings of distress (Leyro et al., 2010; Zvolensky et al., 2010).”
Background
Distress tolerance in relation to cessation history and smoking characteristics among adult daily smokers
Mathew, A. R., & Zhou, M. (2019) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106124 · Cited by 8
“To date, numerous conceptual models of behavioral DT have been proposed (Kiselica et al., 2015; Leventhal & Zvolensky, 2015; Leyro, Zvolensky, & Bernstein, 2010; Zvolensky et al., 2010), but empirical findings on behavioral DT measures and prospective smoking cessation outcomes have been quite inconsistent (Abrantes e…”
Background
Aggression and Somatic Symptoms: the Role of Emotion Regulation and Distress Tolerance
Yang, Y. (2020) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-020-09885-6 · Cited by 8
Yale program for psychedelic science (YPPS) manual for psilocybin combined with non-directive support in the treatment of OCD
Ching, T. H. W., Grazioplene, R., Pittenger, C., & Kelmendi, B. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/ba42z · Cited by 6
The relationship between information hoarding and selective exposure: the role of information overload, identity bubble reinforcement, and intolerance of uncertainty
Bai, X., Lian, S.-L., Sun, X., Niu, G., & Liu, J. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-03062-8 · Cited by 11
“It is considered a personality trait that varies among individuals [44].”
Distress Intolerance Prospectively Predicts Traumatic Intrusions Following an Experimental Trauma in a Non-clinical Sample
Albanese, B. J., Preston, T. J., Bedford, C. E., Macatee, R. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2021) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-021-10228-2 · Cited by 7
Explainable Multilayer Perceptron Classification Model for Detecting the Internalized Shame-Based on Childhood Trauma, Social-Emotional Competence, Cognitive Flexibility, Distress Tolerance, Alexithymia, and Age
Farahani, H., Watson, P., Movasagh, L., Blagojević, M., Sheykhangafshe, F. B., Allahyari, A., Azadfallah, P., Paydar, N. R., & Sepehrinia, M. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-54585-6_2 · Cited by 5
Emotion regulation and psychopathology: Investigating differential associations between emotion regulation skills and psychological symptoms using a network approach
Trautmann, S., Muehlhan, M., Berking, M., Miethe, S., Wigger, J., & Dragan, M. (2024) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjc.12493 · Cited by 8
A new way to conceptualize intolerance of uncertainty among adolescents: Embracing the network perspective
Ye, H., Shi, X., Li, Y., Huang, Y., You, R., Zhang, X., Yu, Z., Li, H., & Fan, F. (2024) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjop.12736 · Cited by 10
Behavioral assessment of risk-taking under uncertain threat: Associations with affect and pain tolerance
Macatee, R. J., Sarawgi, S., Norr, A. M., Oglesby, M. E., Lejuez, C. W., & Cougle, J. R. (2015) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.08.019 · Cited by 7
Affective factors explaining the association between depressive functioning and alcohol outcomes among college students
Preonas, P. D., & Lau‐Barraco, C. (2019) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2019.1683565 · Cited by 6
“According to one theoretical model, individuals with high tolerance for distress can ignore or endure stressful psychological stimuli (ie, negative emotions) successfully, without distraction or delay.(33) Alternatively, distressing events may distract or impede tasks for someone with low tolerance for distress, leadi…”
Background
Differences in Distress Intolerance Among Daily and Intermittent Smokers
Veilleux, J. C., & Skinner, K. D. (2019) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntz237 · Cited by 9
Difficulties in emotional regulation and intolerance of uncertainty in university students
del Valle, M. V., Zamora, E. V., Andrés, M. L., Muñiz, M. J. I., & Urquijo, S. (2020) · Quaderns de Psicologia · doi:10.5565/rev/qpsicologia.1594 · Cited by 13
A longitudinal examination of the relationship between smoking and panic, anxiety, and depression in Chinese and German students
Lavallee, K. L., Zhang, X. C., Schneider, S., & Margraf, J. (2021) · Addictive Behaviors Reports · doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2021.100347 · Cited by 7
Intrinsic Functional Connectivity of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex Is Associated with Tolerance to Distress
Dezachyo, O., Kozak, S., Bar‐Haim, Y., Censor, N., & Dayan, E. (2021) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0277-21.2021 · Cited by 8
“The two groups were also compared for differences in potential confounding variables, including age, previous exposure to trauma (van der Werff et al., 2013a), and state and trait anxiety (Zvolensky et al., 2010), assessed with the State Trait Anxiety inventory (Kvaal et al., 2005).”
Contextual variation in beliefs about emotion and associated emotion regulation efforts
Veilleux, J. C., Warner, E. A., Chamberlain, K. D., Brott, K. H., Schreiber, R. E., & Clift, J. B. (2023) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-022-09992-9 · Cited by 7
“Considering that avoidance-based regulation approaches are strongly associated with psychopathology (Chawla & Ostafin, 2007), helping people recognize changes in their beliefs about the longevity of emotion may help them stay attached to and tolerate their emotions (Zvolensky et al., 2010) rather than avoiding them.”
Effectiveness of Group Psychotherapy Based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Difficultes Emotion Regulation and Distress Tolerance in Substance Abusers
امیریان, ک., Mami, S., Ahmadi, V., & Mohammadzadeh, J. (2018) · Journal of Education and Community Health · doi:10.21859/jech.5.2.53 · Cited by 8
Anxiety sensitivity not distress tolerance as a predictor of generalized anxiety symptoms and worry
Intrieri, R. C., & Newell, C. B. (2020) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-020-00636-0 · Cited by 8
The Role of Distress Tolerance as a Potential Mechanism Between Anxiety Sensitivity and Gut-Specific Anxiety
Wright, C. D., Nelson, C. I., Brumbaugh, J. T., & McNeil, D. W. (2020) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-020-09912-6 · Cited by 8
Gain through pain: Augmenting in vivo exposure with enhanced attention to internal experience leads to increased resilience to distress
Katz, B. A., Breznitz, H., & Yovel, I. (2019) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2018.12.001 · Cited by 6
The link between self-uncertainty and conspicuous consumption: Tolerance of uncertainty as a moderator
Wang, X., Zhu, H., Zhao, Q., Song, C., & Wang, X. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1066938 · Cited by 10
“Tolerance of uncertainty reflects individual differences in the tendency of cognitive, emotional, or behavioral responses to contexts of uncertainty (Zvolensky et al., 2010).”
Background
How Exposure to Personal Distress With and Without Self-compassion Affects Distress Tolerance: Results from a Two-Sample Randomized Trial
Shaw, J. L., & Kelly, A. C. (2024) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-024-02312-x · Cited by 9

Authors: Zvolensky, M. J., Vujanovic, A. A., Bernstein, A., & Leyro, T.
Affiliations: University of Vermont (US)
Boston University (US)
University of Haifa (IL)
Corresponding author: Zvolensky, Michael J.
ORCID: Zvolensky, Michael J.
Vujanovic, Anka A.
Bernstein, Amit
Leyro, Teresa
Venue: Current Directions in Psychological Science
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2010-12
Volume: 19
Issue: 6
Pages: 406-410
ISSN: 0963-7214 (ISSN-L)
1467-8721
DOI: 10.1177/0963721410388642
PMC: PMC7978414
OpenAlex: W2144595430
Cited by: 357
References: 16
Citations by year: 2026: 33 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 9
FWCI: 14.44
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Current Directions in Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
National Institutes of Health (5r01da027533-04)
National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH076629)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01-DA027533, F31DA024919)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
Keywords: distress tolerance, psychological distress, psychopathology, therapeutic change, psychological intervention, theoretical conceptualization

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Distress Tolerance: Theory, Measurement, and Relations to Psychopathology

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