Beers and blurred boundaries: The spatial and gendered organisation of pre-match venues for English football fans
Open accessAbstract
Academic research into sports fans has grown in recent years with studies examining a variety of aspects associated with fandom. However, recent changes in the professionalisation and commercialisation of sport have resulted in the creation of new spaces for fan experiences. In this article, we examine one of these created spaces, the fan zone. Through a case study on matchgoing fans from Everton Football Club we explore how this new space sits alongside traditional pre-match gathering places such as the ‘pub’ and examine the gendered organisation of these spaces. Drawing on Bale’s concept of boundaries within sports fan communities we show that traditional venues for pre-match activities enhance, maintain and legitimise masculine boundaries within sports fandom. We argue that fan zones provide an alternative match day atmosphere and experience that is centred on a family-friendly or at least family-inclusive culture.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
(1998) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 18,397 · see citing works
The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life
Goffman, E. (2023) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003320609-59 · Cited by 17,564 · see citing works
Hegemonic Masculinity: Rethinking the Concept
Connell, R. W., & Messerschmidt, J. W. (2005) · Gender & Society · doi:10.1177/0891243205278639 · Cited by 9,367 · see citing works
Qualitative Research from Start to Finish
Yin, R. K. (2010) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 5,667 · see citing works
Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory
Butler, J. (1988) · Theatre Journal · doi:10.2307/3207893 · Cited by 5,584 · see citing works
Arsdale, P. W. V. (1996) · Evaluation Practice · doi:10.1016/s0886-1633(96)90044-6 · Cited by 2,539 · see citing works
(2019) · Sport Marketing Quarterly · doi:10.32731/smq · Cited by 2,530 · see citing works
THE SYMBOLIC CONSTRUCTION OF COMMUNITY
Cohen, A. P. (1985) · Taylor & Francis eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203323373 · Cited by 2,358 · see citing works
Adoring Audience: Fan Culture and Popular Media
Winship, J. (1994) · Journal of Design History · doi:10.1093/jdh/7.3.217 · Cited by 929 · see citing works
Sports and Male Domination: The Female Athlete as Contested Ideological Terrain
Messner, M. A. (1988) · Sociology of Sport Journal · doi:10.1123/ssj.5.3.197 · Cited by 720 · see citing works
Carson, D. J., & Gilmore, A. (1993) · Marketing Intelligence & Planning · doi:10.1108/eum0000000001121 · Cited by 608 · see citing works
Boundaries, Negotiation, Consciousness: Reconceptualizing Gender Relations
Gerson, J. M., & Peiss, K. (1985) · Social Problems · doi:10.2307/800755 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Female Fandom: Identity, Sexism, and Men’s Professional Football in England
Jones, K. W. (2008) · Sociology of Sport Journal · doi:10.1123/ssj.25.4.516 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Football hooligans: knowing the score
(1998) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.35-6530 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Masculinities and femininities as communities of practice
Paechter, C. (2003) · Women s Studies International Forum · doi:10.1016/s0277-5395(02)00356-4 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Being Boys; Being Girls: Learning masculinities and femininities
Paechter, C. (2007) · Goldsmiths (University of London) · Cited by 250 · see citing works
The Glass Phallus: Pub(lic) Masculinity and Drinking in Rural New Zealand*
Campbell, H. R. (2000) · Rural Sociology · doi:10.1111/j.1549-0831.2000.tb00044.x · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Bale, J. (2002) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203478677 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
(1999) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.36-4546 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Bischoff, J. A. (1995) · Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal · doi:10.1123/wspaj.4.2.127 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
From “carefree casuals” to “professional wanderers”
Tapp, A., & Clowes, J. (2002) · European Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1108/03090560210445164 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Geographies of Gender, Sexuality and Race
van Ingen, C. (2003) · International Review for the Sociology of Sport · doi:10.1177/1012690203038002004 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
An ethnography of English football fans
Pearson, G. (2012) · Manchester University Press eBooks · doi:10.7228/manchester/9780719087219.001.0001 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
The changing face of football: Stadiums and communities
Bale, J. (2000) · Soccer & Society · doi:10.1080/14660970008721251 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Fans, homophobia and masculinities in association football: evidence of a more inclusive environment
Cashmore, E., & Cleland, J. A. (2012) · British Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-4446.2012.01414.x · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Development and dreams: the urban legacy of the 2010 Football World Cup.
Pillay, U., Tomlinson, R. A., & Bass, O. (2009) · Cited by 143 · see citing works
The Lads: Masculinity and the New Consumption of Football
King, A. C. (1997) · Sociology · doi:10.1177/0038038597031002008 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
‘Killing waves’: surfing, space and gender
Waitt, G. (2008) · Social & Cultural Geography · doi:10.1080/14649360701789600 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
The Pub as a Virtual Football Fandom Venue: An Alternative to ‘Being there’?
Weed, M. (2007) · Soccer and Society · doi:10.1080/14660970701224665 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Brannagan, P. M., & Rookwood, J. (2016) · International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics · doi:10.1080/19406940.2016.1150868 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
From passive to active: the changing relationship between supporters and football clubs
Cleland, J. A. (2010) · Soccer and Society · doi:10.1080/14660970.2010.497348 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
‘We’re stuck in the corner’: Young women, embodiment and drinking in the countryside
Leyshon, M. (2008) · Drugs Education Prevention and Policy · doi:10.1080/09687630801920286 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
The Feminization of Sports Fandom
Pope, S. (2017) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315689852 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Football Hooligans: Theory and Evidence
Armstrong, G., & Harris, R. (1991) · The Sociological Review · doi:10.1111/j.1467-954x.1991.tb00861.x · Cited by 84 · see citing works
The Spatial Development of the Modern Stadium
Bale, J. (1993) · International Review for the Sociology of Sport · doi:10.1177/101269029302800204 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Avenues of contestation. Football hooligans running and ruling urban spaces
Giulianotti, R., & Armstrong, G. (2002) · Social Anthropology · doi:10.1017/s0964028202000149 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Levant, R. F. (1997) · The Journal of Men s Studies · doi:10.1177/106082659700500302 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
The Rebirth of the Football Fanzine
Millward, P. (2008) · Journal of Sport and Social Issues · doi:10.1177/0193723508319718 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
‘Protect Me From What I Want’: Football Fandom, Celebrity Cultures and ‘New’ Football in England
Williams, J. M. (2005) · Soccer and Society · doi:10.1080/14660970500355637 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Klauser, F. (2011) · International Journal of Urban and Regional Research · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2427.2011.01064.x · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Sport, Beer, and Gender: Promotional Culture and Contemporary Social Life
Pike, E. C. J. (2010) · Journal of Sport History · doi:10.5406/jsporthistory.37.2.325 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Bradbury, S. (2010) · International Review for the Sociology of Sport · doi:10.1177/1012690210371562 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Goffman in Feminist Perspective
West, C. (1996) · Sociological Perspectives · doi:10.2307/1389251 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Modes of Analysis in Sport Management Qualitative Research
EDWARDS, A. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-7506-8598-6.00006-x · Cited by 62 · see citing works
The Story of an Ethnography: The Experience of Watching the 2002 World Cup in the Pub
Weed, M. (2005) · Soccer and Society · doi:10.1080/14660970500355603 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Critical Geographies of Sport: Space, Power and Sport in Global Perspective
Oca, J. M. D. (2017) · Geographical Review · doi:10.1111/gere.12280 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
A tale of two tribes: Expressive fandom in Australian Soccer's a‐league
Hughson, J. (1999) · Sport in Society · doi:10.1080/14610989908721845 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Women, gender, leisure and place: towards a more ‘humanistic’ geography of women's leisure
Mowl, G., & Towner, J. (1995) · Leisure Studies · doi:10.1080/02614369500390091 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
English Football Fan Groups in the 1990s: Class, Representation and Fan Power
Nash, R. (2001) · Soccer and Society · doi:10.1080/714866720 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
The people's game? Football spectatorship and demographic change
Malcolm, D., Jones, I., & Waddington, I. (2000) · Soccer and Society · doi:10.1080/14660970008721254 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Space, Place and Body Culture: Yi-Fu Tuan and a Geography of Sport
Bale, J. (1996) · Geografiska Annaler Series B Human Geography · doi:10.1080/04353684.1996.11879706 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
From the stadium to the fan zone: host cities in a state of emergency
Hagemann, A. (2010) · Soccer and Society · doi:10.1080/14660970.2010.510729 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
The football fan and the pub: An enduring relationship
Dixon, K. (2014) · International Review for the Sociology of Sport · doi:10.1177/1012690213501500 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Exploring the sport spectator experience: virtual football spectatorship in the pub1
Weed, M. (2008) · Soccer and Society · doi:10.1080/14660970701811057 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Power, space and the new stadium: the example of Arsenal Football Club
Church, A., & Penny, S. (2013) · Sport in Society · doi:10.1080/17430437.2013.790888 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Carr, J. N. (2016) · Sociology of Sport Journal · doi:10.1123/ssj.2016-0044 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Making “space” for women and girls in sport: an agenda for Australian geography
Pavlidis, A. (2018) · Geographical Research · doi:10.1111/1745-5871.12302 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Pope, S. (2010) · Figshare · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Hooligans and Carnival Fans: Scottish Football Supporter Cultures
Giulianotti, R. (1999) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9780230378896_3 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Governing by fun: EURO 2008 and the appealing power of fan zones
Lauss, G., & Szigetvari, A. (2010) · Soccer and Society · doi:10.1080/14660970.2010.510731 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Determinants of home atmosphere in English football: a committed supporter perspective.
Charleston, S. (2008) · Journal of sport behavior · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Turner, M. (2014) · Soccer and Society · doi:10.1080/14660970.2014.980732 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Football and Accelerated Culture
Redhead, S. (2015) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315685236 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
‘There Are Some Daft People Out There!’: exploring female sport and media fandoms
Pope, S. (2013) · Sport in Society · doi:10.1080/17430437.2013.828708 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Cartographic fetishism to geographical humanism: Some central features of a geography of sports
Bale, J. (1992) · Innovation The European Journal of Social Science Research · doi:10.1080/13511610.1992.9968322 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Richards, J. (2014) · Soccer and Society · doi:10.1080/14660970.2014.961379 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citation‘This is England’: sanitized fandom and the national soccer team
Hughson, J., & Poulton, E. (2008) · Soccer and Society · doi:10.1080/14660970802257572 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The Pub, the Drinks Trade and the Early Years of Modern Football
Collins, T., & Vamplew, W. (2000) · The Sports Historian · doi:10.1080/17460260009445826 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Myrdahl, T. M. (2009) · Journal of Lesbian Studies · doi:10.1080/10894160902876713 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Kennedy, P., & Kennedy, D. A. (2010) · Soccer and Society · doi:10.1080/14660970.2010.497349 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Schnitzer, M., & Stickdorn, M. (2012) · European Journal of Tourism Research · doi:10.54055/ejtr.v5i1.89 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Passing and moving: negotiating fieldwork roles in football fandom research
Richards, J. (2018) · Journal of Organizational Ethnography · doi:10.1108/joe-03-2017-0014 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationSports City: A critical analysis of Melbourne’s sportscape
John, A. (2015) · Victoria University Research Repository (Victoria University) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Book Review: Critical Geographies of Sport
Turcott, R. (2017) · International Review for the Sociology of Sport · doi:10.1177/1012690217750380 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 13
- [4]4. Bale, J. (1993a). Sport, space, and the city. London: Routledge.
- [10]10. Bernard, H. (2006). Research methods in anthropology: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Lanham: Altamira Press.
- [14]14. In S. Frank & S. Steets (Eds.) Stadium worlds: Football, Space and the Built Environment (pp. 163-179). London: Routledge.
- [16]16. Butler, J. (1990). Gender trouble. New York: Routledge.
- [25]25. Crawford, G. (2004). Consuming sport: Fans, sport and culture. London: Routledge.
- [26]26. Crolley, L. & Long, C. (2001) 'Sitting Pretty? Women and Football in Liverpool'. In J. Williams (Eds.), Passing Rhythms: Liverpool FC and the Transformation of Football (pp. 195-214) Oxford: Berg.
- [30]30. Finnegan, P. & Rookwood, J. (2008) Taking a stand? Examining fan culture and the proposed re-introduction of allocated standing areas in British football stadia. Journal of Qualitative Research in Sport Studies 2(1), 99-114.
- [36]36. Glass, M. & Rose-Redwood, R. (2014), "Finding New Spaces for Performativity and Politics," in M. Glass and R. Rose-Redwood (eds.), Performativity, Politics, and the Production of Social Space (pp. 253-263). New York: Routledge.
- [50]50. Lenskyj, H. (1995). Sport and the Threat to Gender Boundaries. Sporting Traditions, 12(1), 47-60.
- [66]66. Pope, S. (2014b). Female Football Fans and Gender Performance. In Anderson, E. & Hargreaves, J. Routledge Handbook of Sport, Gender and Sexuality (245-253), London Routledge.
- [69]69. Rowe, D. & Gilmour, C. (2009). Lubrication and Domination : Beer, Sport, Masculinity, and the Australian Gender Order. In L. A. Wenner & S. J. Jackson (Eds.), Sport, beer, and gender: promotional culture and contemporary social life (pp. 203-221). New York: Peter Lang.
- [73]73. Toffoletti, K. & Mewett, P. (2012). Introduction. In K. Toffoletti & P. Mewett (Eds.). Sport and its Female Fans (pp.1-12). New York: Routledge.
- [82]82. Wenner, L. & Jackson, S. (2009). Sport, Beer, and Gender in Promotional Cultire: On the Dynamics of a Holy Trinity. In L. Wenner & S. Jackson (Eds.), Sport, Beer, and Gender: Promotional Culture and Contemporary Social Life (pp. 1-34). New York: Peter Lang Publishing.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Fenton, A., Keegan, B. J., & Parry, K. D. (2023) · Communication & Sport · doi:10.1177/2167479520986149 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationWoods, J., & Ludvigsen, J. A. L. (2022) · Sport in Society · doi:10.1080/17430437.2021.1904902 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Between security and festivity: The case of fan zones
Lee Ludvigsen, J. A. (2021) · International Review for the Sociology of Sport · doi:10.1177/1012690219894888 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
The changing carnival: reimagining and recreating the match-day experience in multi-purpose stadiums
Richards, J., Spanjaard, D., O’Shea, M., & Garlin, F. (2022) · Journal of Sport & Tourism · doi:10.1080/14775085.2022.2086161 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationFan zones at FIFA World Cup 2026: balancing engagement, security, and profitability
Sebire, J., & Cowcill, B. (2026) · Soccer & Society · doi:10.1080/14660970.2026.2640509
- Authors
- Richards, J., & Parry, K. D.
- Affiliations
- Western Sydney University (AU)
- University of Winchester (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Richards, Jessica
- Venue
- International Review for the Sociology of Sport
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2019-03-28
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 647-663
- ISSN
- 1012-6902 (ISSN-L)
- 1461-7218
- OpenAlex
- W2926478087
- Semantic Scholar
- aeb65c0807ecae7e01f81f2548fc1afcf9715466
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 5.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- International Review for the Sociology of Sport (publishedVersion)
- Bournemouth University Research Online (Bournemouth University) (acceptedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Sports, Gender, and Society
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Physical Education and Sports Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Sport and Mega-Event Impacts
- Keywords
- sports fans, fan zones, football fandom, public houses, commercialization of sport, professionalization of sport, fan experience
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review