The DOI matches its Crossref record; 122 of the 122 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 142 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment
Open accessAbstract
In “Flourish,” Martin Seligman maintained that the elements of well-being consist of “PERMA: positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment.” Although the question of what constitutes human flourishing or psychological well-being has remained a topic of continued debate among scholars, it has recently been argued in the literature that a paradigmatic or prototypical case of human psychological well-being would largely manifest most or all of the aforementioned PERMA factors. Further, in “A Neuroscientific Perspective on Music Therapy,” Stefan Koelsch also suggested that “Music therapy can have effects that improve the psychological and physiological health of individuals,” so it seems plausible that engaging in practices of music can positively contribute to one living a more optimally flourishing life with greater psychological well-being. However, recent studies on music practice and participation have not yet been reviewed and integrated under the PERMA framework from positive psychology to further explore and explicate this possibility. This article therefore contributes to extant work by reviewing recent research on psychological well-being and music to offer support for the claim that music practice and participation can positively contribute to one living a flourishing life by positively influencing their emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This narrative review integrates recent music and positive psychology research under Seligman’s PERMA framework, arguing that music practice and participation can positively influence positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment. It concludes there are empirically supported grounds that music can contribute to greater psychological well-being and a more flourishing life, with moderation and injury-prevention cautions.
Key findings
- The review argues that music practice and participation can positively influence all five PERMA factors: positive emotion, engagement/flow, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment.
- Reviewed studies cited include: music listening reduced anxiety by 18% in cosmetic-surgery patients (n = 14; DeMarco et al., 2012); uplifting music exercises produced greater increases in happiness over time than control (n = 772; Sergeant & Mongrain, 2011); musical family rituals were consistently related to family cohesion across cultures (n = 760; Boer & Abubakar, 2014); children in musical group interaction showed higher emotional empathy than controls (n = 23; Rabinowitch et al., 2013).
- Cautionary evidence: a British Association for Performing Arts Medicine study of musicians (n = 1,046) found 52% had problems from technical faults or inappropriate practicing procedures; music-related issues include performance anxiety, poor posture, and instrument-specific pain.
Methods
- Design: narrative review of recent literature on music practice/participation and psychological well-being, organized by the PERMA framework.
- Data/sample: no primary sample; synthesizes prior empirical studies and theoretical/philosophical sources, including studies with sample sizes such as n = 14, n = 772, n = 760, n = 23, and n = 1,046.
- Analysis: conceptual integration under Seligman’s PERMA model; no systematic search, meta-analysis, or new data collection is reported.
Limitations
- The paper states that not just any kind or amount of music practice/participation is optimal; it can be carried out incorrectly or excessively, with risks including performance anxiety, injuries from poor technique/posture/conditioning, and instrument-specific problems.
- Evident from the text: as a narrative review, it does not report systematic search criteria, inclusion/exclusion criteria, quality appraisal, or meta-analytic synthesis; conclusions rely on selected prior studies.
- Evident from the text: no primary data are collected, so causal claims depend on the designs of the reviewed studies.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
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Cites
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Verification
Claims the paper makes
112 Not checked yet · 6 Own interpretation
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Thus engagement or flow experience has been considered by scholars to constitute an important element of psychological well-being”
- Also stated in: § Flourishing with music and engagement · boosted
“It is clearly evident then that several studies have recently suggested that engagement or flow experience constitute an important element to psychological well-being.”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and engagement
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Seligman, 2011
- Not checked yetcites Rich, 2013
- Not checked yetcites Nakamura & Csikszentmihalyi, 2002
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Flourishing with music and engagement · boosted
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Positive emotions have been considered by scholars to constitute an important element of psychological well-being”
- Also stated in: § Flourishing with music and positive emotion · boosted
“It is clearly evident then that several studies have recently suggested that positive emotions constitute an important element to psychological well-being.”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and positive emotion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Fredrickson, 2006
- Not checked yetcites Berridge & Kringelbach, 2011
- Not checked yetcites Vallerand, 2012
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Flourishing with music and positive emotion · boosted
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“since engagement or flow can contribute to psychological well-being (see also Carli et al., 1988;”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and engagement
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Carli et al., 1988
- Not checked yetcites Croom, 2012b
- Not checked yetcites Csikszentmihalyi, 1975
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“And several studies have in fact suggested that music practice and participation can contribute to engagement or flow experience.”
- Also stated in: § Flourishing with music and engagement · plain
“since music practice and participation can contribute to engagement or flow experience”
- Also stated in: § Flourishing with music and engagement · hedged
“several studies have indeed suggested that music practice and participation can contribute to engagement or flow experience”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and engagement
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Pates et al., 2003
- Not checked yetcites Hymer, 1984
- Not checked yetcites Bakker, 2005
- Not checked yetcites De Manzano et al., 2010
- Not checked yetcites Dietrich, 2004
plainconditionaln = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Flourishing with music and engagement · plain
In the paper
“lack of attachments is linked to a variety of ill effects on health, adjustment, and well-being”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and relationships
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Baumeister and Leary (1995)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“And several studies have in fact suggested that music practice and participation can contribute to positive emotions.”
- Also stated in: § Flourishing with music and positive emotion · hedged
“since several studies have indeed suggested that music practice and participation can contribute to positive emotions”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and positive emotion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Van Goethem & Sloboda, 2011
- Not checked yetcites Koenig et al., 2013
- Not checked yetcites Sergeant & Mongrain, 2011
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Flourishing with music and positive emotion · hedged
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“there are good grounds for maintaining that music practice and participation can positively contribute to psychological well-being.”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and positive emotion
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“social relationships are clearly an important contributor to meaning in life”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and relationships
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hicks and King (2009)
boosteddirectn = 150- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“there are good grounds for asserting that music practice and participation can positively contribute to psychological well-being.”
- Also stated in: § Flourishing with music and relationships · boosted
“there is a firm basis for maintaining that music practice and participation can positively contribute to psychological well-being.”
- Also stated in: § Flourishing with music and meaning · plain
“there are good grounds for maintaining that engaging with music can positively contribute to psychological well-being.”
- Also stated in: § Flourishing with music and accomplishment · plain
“there are good grounds for maintaining that music practice and participation can positively contribute to psychological well-being.”
- Also stated in: § Conclusion · plain
“music practice and participation can positively contribute to one's cultivation of greater psychological well-being and a more flourishing life.”
- Also stated in: § Conclusion · hedged
“it seems plausible that music practice and participation can positively contribute to one living a more optimally flourishing life with greater psychological well-being.”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and engagement
boostedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Recent studies on music had not yet been reviewed and integrated under the PERMA framework from positive psychology.
- Also stated in: § Flourishing with music and relationships · boosted
In the paper
“individuals with strong social bonds (i.e., those low on loneliness) judged their meaning in life to be high regardless of mood induction condition”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and relationships
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hicks and King (2009)
plainn = 150- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 57
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
- It may state two separate claims as one. 36
In the paper
“Stefan Koelsch also suggested that “Music therapy can have effects that improve the psychological and physiological health of individuals,””
- Also stated in: § Abstract · plain
“Koelsch (2009) further proposed that “Music therapy can have effects that improve the psychological and physiological health of individuals” (p.374)”
- Also stated in: § Conclusion · hedged
“Koelsch (2009) had also suggested that”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Koelsch, 2009
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Also stated in: § Abstract · plain
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“a sufficient amount of musical skill must first be acquired by that musical agent through a substantive (though not excessive) amount of deliberate musical practice”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and engagement
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Dietrich, 2004
- Not checked yetcites Ericsson et al., 1993
plaindirectn = 30- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
In the paper
“From an evolutionary point of view, flow has a high adaptive value.(p.133)”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and engagement
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Schuler (2012)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Nakamura and Csikszentmihalyi (2009) have similarly suggested that “experiencing flow encourages a person to persist in and return to an activity because of the experiential rewards it premises, and thereby fosters the growth of skills over time””
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and engagement
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Nakamura & Csikszentmihalyi, 2009
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“social skills that enhance cooperation and underpin positive relationships appear to be especially important for resilience and wellbeing”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and relationships
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Noble and McGrath (2012)
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“existing evidence supports the hypothesis that the need to belong is a powerful, fundamental, and extremely pervasive motivation”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and relationships
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Baumeister and Leary (1995)
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Dietrich (2004) then proposed that flow experiences involve “a state of transient hypofrontality that enables the temporary suppression of the analytical and meta-conscious capacities of the explicit system””
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and engagement
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Dietrich, 2004
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“flow measures show increased flow to be related to decreased HP [heart period] and RSA [respiratory sinus arrhythmia], increased LF/HF ratio, total power, and RD [respiratory depth]”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and engagement
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites De Manzano et al. (2010)
plaincorrelationaln = 21- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“positive relationships have been considered by scholars to constitute an important element of psychological well-being”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and relationships
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Seligman, 2010
- Not checked yetcites Seligman, 2011
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In “Flourish,” Martin Seligman maintained that the elements of well-being consist of “PERMA: positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment.””
- Also stated in: § Flourishing with music and engagement · plain
“Given that psychological well-being is considered to consist of positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment, the second element of well-being to be examined here is engagement or flow experience”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Seligman, 2010
- Not checked yetcites Seligman, 2011
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Also stated in: § Flourishing with music and engagement · plain
In the paper
“Strati et al. (2011) have accordingly proposed that “flow experiences thereby enhance the quality of life, add to the complexity of the developing self, and facilitate talent development in youth””
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and engagement
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Strati et al., 2011
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This article therefore contributes to extant work by reviewing recent research on psychological well-being and music to offer support for the claim that music practice and participation can positively contribute to one living a flourishing life by positively influencing their emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment.”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Abstract
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Recent studies on music practice and participation have not yet been reviewed and integrated under the PERMA framework from positive psychology.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“it has recently been argued in the literature that a paradigmatic or prototypical case of human psychological well-being would largely manifest most or all of the aforementioned PERMA factors.”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
“it has recently been argued in the literature that a paradigmatic or prototypical case of human psychological well-being would largely manifest most or all of the five factors of positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment.”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Rashid et al., 2014
- Not checked yetcites Noble & McGrath, 2014
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
In the paper
“flow experience “arises through an interaction between positive affect and high attention””
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and engagement
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites De Manzano et al. (2010)
plaindirectn = 21- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“suggests that during a physically and cognitively demanding task, an increased activation of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system in combination with deep breathing and activation of the ZM [zygomaticus major] might potentially be used as an indicator of effortless attention and flow”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and engagement
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites De Manzano et al. (2010)
hedgedcorrelationaln = 21- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“such stories depict[ing] actions and decisions as following from important, stable values and contributing to the fulfillment of one or more crucial goals”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and meaning
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Crescioni and Baumeister (2013)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“contributes to positive ageing by providing ways for people to maintain positive self-esteem, feel competent, independent, and avoid feelings of isolation or loneliness”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and relationships
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hays and Minichiello (2005)
plaindirectn = 52- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“people listen to music to regulate arousal and mood, to achieve self-awareness, and as an expression of social relatedness”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and relationships
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Schäfer, Sedlmeier, Stadtler, and Huron (2013)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“the relationship between life satisfaction and religiosity may well be mediated by meaningfulness”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and meaning
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Chamberlain and Zika (1992)
hedgedconditionaln = 188- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“not only do most people report that they are more likely to feel their lives are meaningful than not”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and meaning
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Steger, Oishi, and Kashdan (2009)
plainn = 8,756- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“being with like-minded people was an important aspect of the music festival experience”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and relationships
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Packer and Ballantyne (2011)
plainn = 10- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“across cultures music listening in families and in peer groups contributes to family and peer cohesion, respectively”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and relationships
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Boer and Abubakar (2014)
plaindirectn = 760- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“the main reasons for enjoying rock dancing, besides body movement and involvement with the music, were involvement with the partner and a feeling of togetherness”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and relationships
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Schiepe-Tiska and Engeser (2012)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“engagement in these functions fulfills basic human needs and is of vital importance for the individual”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and relationships
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Koelsch (2013)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“in humans, at least, the social pleasures are often as pleasurable as the basic sensory pleasures”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and relationships
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Berridge and Kringelbach (2011)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“the music experience provides the common ground on which both the social experience and the festival experience are built, and facilitates a sense of connection among participants”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and relationships
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Ballantyne, Ballantyne, and Packer (2014)
plaindirectn = 441- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“having meaning or purpose in life has been considered by scholars to constitute an important element of psychological well-being”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and meaning
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Seligman, 2010
- Not checked yetcites Seligman, 2011
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“showed higher emotional empathy scores after the study compared to its beginning, and higher scores than control children at the end of the study”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and relationships
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Rabinowitch, Cross, and Burnard (2013)
plaindirectn = 23- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“we often experience positive feelings in interactions with friends that boost our resilience, confidence and a positive sense of self”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and relationships
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Roffey (2012)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“experiencing life as meaningful seems to be a major component of human well-being, and a major source of motivation for human action”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and meaning
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites De Muijnck (2013)
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“when playing music in a group, individuals have contact with other individuals, engage in social cognition, participate in co-pathy (the social function of empathy), communicate, coordinate their actions, and cooperate with each other, leading to increased social cohesion”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and relationships
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Koelsch (2013)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“faith and life purpose contribute to the development of well-being and may be important characteristics to foster in order to enhance one's personal sense of well-being”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and meaning
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Byron and Miller-Perrin (2009)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“when individuals talk of finding meaning in their lives … they seek to interpret their own actions and experiences in terms of an existentially meaningful life story”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and meaning
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Crescioni and Baumeister (2013)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“the ability of music to increase social cohesion and strengthen interindividual attachments was probably an important function of music in human evolution”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and relationships
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Koelsch (2013)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“the social facet of the music festival experience emerged very strongly from the focus group discussion as an integral part of the experience”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and relationships
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Packer and Ballantyne (2011)
boostedn = 10- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“the impact of faith on well-being can be explained by life purpose”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and meaning
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Byron and Miller-Perrin (2009)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“life purpose completely mediated the relationship between faith and well-being”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and meaning
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Byron and Miller-Perrin (2009)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“both purpose in life and reasons for living had inverse effects on depression, the higher the purpose in life and reasons for living, the lower the depression, and the lower the relationship between depression and suicidal ideation/behavior”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and meaning
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Wang et al. (2007)
plaindirectn = 416- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“purpose in life and reasons for living were found to be important predictors of suicide and may reduce the likelihood of suicidal thoughts and behaviors”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and meaning
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Wang et al. (2007)
hedgedconditionaln = 416- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“friendship is therefore critical for our psychological health”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and relationships
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Roffey (2012)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“the festival” be usefully conceived of as “a kind of social practice offering possibilities of identity work”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and meaning
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Karlsen and Brandstrom (2008)
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Participants such as Donald, Mildred, Fred and Noreen, who were in their mid nineties, all believed their well-being and good health was largely attributed to their interest and involvement in music.”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and meaning
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hays (2005)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“identity is mobile, a process not a thing, a becoming not a being”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and meaning
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Frith (1996)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“many people are motivated to achieve, to have mastery, to have competence, even if it brings no positive emotion, no engagement, no relationships, and no meaning”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and accomplishment
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Seligman (2010)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“festivals might have significance for development of parallel and contradictory identities, allowing the individual to cultivate the many expressions of self-identity”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and meaning
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Karlsen and Brandstrom (2008)
hedgedconditionaln = 39- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“the person who lives a meaningful life is one that serves what is larger and more worthwhile than just the self 's pleasures and desires”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and meaning
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Sirgy and Wu (2011)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Music was a symbolic representation of who the participants were and how they might like to be perceived by others.”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and meaning
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hays (2005)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“music, like identity, is both performance and story, describes the social in the individual and the individual in the social, the mind in the body and the body in the mind”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and meaning
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Frith (1996)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Music provided ways for defining and redefining their selfidentity, knowing and understanding emotions, and maintaining personal well-being.”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and meaning
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hays (2005)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“is negatively related to attitudes considered undesirable, such as employee cynicism, turnover intentions, and employee stress and anxiety”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and accomplishment
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Avey et al. (2011)
plaincorrelationaln = 51- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“the experience of music was individualistic and intensely personal for most of the informants and had personal meaning that related to perceptions of identity, self-expression and personal well-being”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and meaning
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hays (2005)
plainn = 54- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Mildred described music in her life as giving her “meaningfulness” and felt that she had a purpose and that “each day was worth living”.”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and meaning
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hays (2005)
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“the festival setting also provided rich material for the emotional, memory and biographical work mentioned by DeNora (2000), needed for defining, developing, changing and thereby constituting the self”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and meaning
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Karlsen and Brandstrom (2008)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“pursuing task goals was found to have a significant positive relationship with all indices of well-being, as well as with perceptions of academic efficacy and GPA”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and accomplishment
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kaplan and Maehr (1999)
plaincorrelationaln = 168- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“all other things being equal, a life with some achievements in it is more meaningful than one without any achievements”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and accomplishment
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites James (2005)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“the evidence accumulated over the past several years supports that PsyCap [Psychological Capital], as a second-order core factor comprised of hope, optimism, efficacy, and resilience, is significantly and strongly related to employee attitudes generally considered desirable by human resource management”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and accomplishment
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Avey et al. (2011)
boostedcorrelationaln = 51- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“the festival experience not only contributes to a transitory state of subjective wellbeing, but can also become part of the way a person defines themselves”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and meaning
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Packer and Ballantyne (2011)
plaindirectn = 10- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“employees' PsyCap was positively related to their generally recognized desirable behaviors, such as organizational citizenship behaviors, and negatively related to their undesirable behaviors, such as deviance”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and accomplishment
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Avey et al. (2011)
plaincorrelationaln = 51- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“music was an important part of many informant's lives and through music they often gave meaning to life experiences”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and meaning
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hays (2005)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The musical accomplishment experienced when a piece is mastered gives clients heightened motivation, self-esteem, and a feeling of creativity.”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and accomplishment
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lee and Nantais (1996)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The sense of accomplishment that program participants feel when they master musical selections or receive audience approval encourages community reintegration because this program highlights the abilities of persons with SCI”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and accomplishment
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lee and Nantais (1996)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Kreutz, Ginsborg, and Williamon (2008) further reported that”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Everything in moderation: Cautionary notes for optimal musical experiences
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kreutz, Ginsborg, & Williamon, 2008
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“clients who might not otherwise have socialized spend time working toward a common goal of musical accomplishment and public performances, and this has promoted strong bonds among band members”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and accomplishment
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lee and Nantais (1996)
plaindirectn = 33- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“it has recently been argued in the literature that a paradigmatic or prototypical case of human psychological well-being would largely manifest most or all of the five factors of positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment.”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Conclusion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Seligman, 2010
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“not only allows for spontaneity and flexibility, but also allows for successful experiences”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and accomplishment
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Edgerton (1994)
plaindirectn = 11- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Klaphajone et al. (2013) reported finding that”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and accomplishment
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Klaphajone et al., 2013
plaindirectn = 39- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“music training can improve intelligence, attention, and memory as well as provide a medium for”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and accomplishment
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hiscock, O'Callaghan, Goodwin, and Wheeler (2013)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“how recent work in the literature has suggested that”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and accomplishment
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hiscock et al., 2013
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“and that”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and accomplishment
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Klaphajone et al., 2013
plaindirectn = 39- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Some problems associated with music practice and participation are more general and include psychosomatic symptoms associated with performance anxiety as well as injuries resulting from inappropriate practicing techniques, poor posture, and poor physical conditioning”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Everything in moderation: Cautionary notes for optimal musical experiences
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Langendorfer et al., 2006
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A well executed and emotionally inspiring musical performance requires not only musical knowledge and technique, but also a performer's confidence and social grace, and the collective manifestation of these features in a single musical act by the performer surely counts as a bona fide accomplishment”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and accomplishment
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Croom, 2012a
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“whatever drawbacks one might experience from music practice and participation (e.g., pain in the hands and wrists from piano practice) may be curtailed -and even outweighed -by the many other benefits (e.g., reasons or motivations for increased social relations) that music so readily affords us.”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Everything in moderation: Cautionary notes for optimal musical experiences
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Seligman (2010) maintained that the elements of well-being consist of”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Conclusion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Seligman, 2010
- Not checked yetcites Seligman, 2011
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“The British Association for Performing Arts Medicine, for example, conducted a study on a large sample of musicians (n = 1,046) and found that 52% of them had problems resulting from technical faults or inappropriate practicing procedures”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Everything in moderation: Cautionary notes for optimal musical experiences
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Wynn Parry, 2004
plaindirectn = 1,046- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Yet other problems associated with music practice and participation are more instrument-specific and include, for example, problems with orofacial musculature especially targeting woodwind players (Fuks & Fadle, 2002) and musculoskeletal pain and problems in the hands and wrists especially targeting pianists (Yoshimura, Paul, Aerts, & Chesky, 2006).”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Everything in moderation: Cautionary notes for optimal musical experiences
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Fuks & Fadle, 2002
- Not checked yetcites Yoshimura et al., 2006
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The quality of music produced has led to requests for public performances.”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and accomplishment
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lee and Nantais (1996)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The authors state this as an assumption.
Recent studies on music practice and participation have not yet been reviewed and integrated under the PERMA framework from positive psychology.
“However, recent studies on music practice and participation have not yet been reviewed and integrated under the PERMA framework from positive psychology to further explore and explicate this possibility.”
“However, recent studies from the literature on music practice and participation have not yet been reviewed and integrated under the PERMA framework from the literature on positive psychology to further explore and explicate the possibility that music practice and participation can positively contribute to one living a more optimally flourishing life with greater psychological well-being.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Recent studies on music had not yet been reviewed and integrated under the PERMA framework from positive psychology.
“However, recent studies on music had not yet been reviewed and integrated under the PERMA framework from positive psychology to further explore and explicate this possibility.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Participating in any kind of musical experience, in general, and music making, more specifically, can have an impact on positive emotions (Lamont, 2012; Croom, 2015; Campayo–Muñoz and Cabedo–Mas, 2017).”
From Uses and Perceptions of Music in Times of COVID-19: A Spanish Population Survey (2021) · cites this paper as Croom, 2015
In the citing paper
“which could be evidence that a choir offers a special community that might have beneficial effects, particularly for people suffering from the negative effects of social exclusion (Dingle et al., 2012; Croom, 2015).”
From Psychobiological Effects of Choral Singing on Affective State, Social Connectedness, and Stress: Influences of Singing Activity and Time Course (2018) · cites this paper as Croom, 2015
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > Flourishing with music and meaning
“Chamberlain and Zika (1992) investigated religiosity as a predictor of meaning in life in a sample of participants (n = 188) and found that "the relationship between life satisfaction and religiosity may well be mediated by meaningfulness" (p.415)”
§ Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: A review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment > References
“Chamberlain, K., & Zika, S. (1992). Religiosity, meaning in life, and psychological well-being. In J. Schumaker (Ed.), Religion and mental health (pp. 138-148). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.”
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Koenig, J., Warth, M., Oelkers‐Ax, R., Wormit, A. F., Bardenheuer, H. J., Resch, F. J., Thayer, J. F., & Hillecke, T. K. (2013) · Music and Medicine · doi:10.1177/1943862113490739 · Cited by 23
Hutka, S. A., Bidelman, G. M., & Moreno, S. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00984 · Cited by 22
DeMarco, J., Alexander, J. L., Nehrenz, G. M., et al. (2012) · NSUWorks (Nova Southeastern University) · doi:10.47513/mmd.v4i1.389 · Cited by 21
Rose-colored priming effects: Life satisfaction and affective priming
Robinson, M. D., & von Hippel, W. (2006) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760600885705 · Cited by 21
Hwang, E.-Y., & Oh, S.-H. (2013) · Music and Medicine · doi:10.47513/mmd.v5i3.322 · Cited by 18
Strength Based Resilience: Integrating Risk and Resources Towards Holistic Well-being
Rashid, T., Anjum, A., Chu, R., Stevanovski, S., Zanjani, A., & Lennox, C. (2014) · Cross-cultural advancements in positive psychology · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-8669-0_10 · Cited by 17
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Theoretical Integration and Future Lines of Flow Research
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Book Review: Jan Schnupp, Israel Nelken, & Andrew King, Auditory neuroscience: Making sense of sound
Croom, A. M. (2014) · Musicae Scientiae · doi:10.1177/1029864914523548 · Cited by 2
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Uses and Perceptions of Music in Times of COVID-19: A Spanish Population Survey
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Chirico, A., Serino, S., Cipresso, P., Gaggioli, A., & Riva, G. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00906 · Cited by 162
Biasutti, M. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00911 · Cited by 111
Agres, K., Schaefer, R., Volk, A., van Hooren, S., Holzapfel, A., Bella, S. D., Müller, M., de Witte, M., Herremans, D., Ramírez, R., et al. (2021) · Music & Science · doi:10.1177/2059204321997709 · Cited by 113
Flow and Satisfaction With Life in Elite Musicians and Top Athletes
Habe, K., Biasutti, M., & Kajtna, T. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00698 · Cited by 114
Metadata
- Authors
- Croom, A. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Croom, Adam M
- ORCID
- Croom, Adam M
- Venue
- Musicae Scientiae
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2014-12-05
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 44-64
- ISSN
- 1029-8649 (ISSN-L)
- 2045-4147
- OpenAlex
- W2138699624
- Semantic Scholar
- 38d99544ee544cae5f564ce56743163fa35f886f
- Cited by
- 221
- References
- 119
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 7
- FWCI
- 11.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- philarchive.org
- Locations
- Musicae Scientiae (publishedVersion)
- PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Music Therapy and Health
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Music › Diverse Music Education Insights
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Keywords
- music practice, music participation, psychological well-being, PERMA model, positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, achievement, eudaimonia, music therapy, positive psychology
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-09, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-09 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
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