Long-term musical group interaction has a positive influence on empathy in children

Rabinowitch, Tal-Chen; Cross, Ian; Burnard, Pamela

doi:10.1177/0305735612440609

Cited by 387Diverse Music Education InsightsNeuroscience and Music PerceptionAction Observation and Synchronization

Long-term musical group interaction has a positive influence on empathy in children

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Rabinowitch, Tal-Chen, Cross, Ian, Burnard, Pamela·2013·Psychology of Music

DOI 10.1177/0305735612440609

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Abstract

Musical group interaction (MGI) is a complex social setting requiring certain cognitive skills that may also elicit shared psychological states. We argue that many MGI-specific features may also be important for emotional empathy, the ability to experience another person’s emotional state. We thus hypothesized that long-term repeated participation in MGI could help enhance a capacity for emotional empathy even outside of the musical context, through a familiarization with and refinement of MGI empathy-promoting musical components (EPMCs). We tested this hypothesis by designing an MGI programme for primary school children consisting of interactive musical games implementing various EPMCs. We ran the programme for an entire school year and compared the emotional empathy of MGI children to control children using existing and novel measures of empathy before and after the programme. Our results support our hypothesis: MGI children showed higher emotional empathy scores after the study compared to its beginning, and higher scores than control children at the end of the study. These findings shed new light on the emotional processes involved in musical interaction and highlight the remarkable potential of MGI for promoting positive social-emotional capacities such as empathy.

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Music promotes prosocial skills through engagement in synchronous, music-related behaviors.
“Music is also thought to promote prosocial skills through engagement in synchronous, music-related behaviors (e.g., moving rhythmically, singing with others) [120-122].”
From Benefits of a bedtime routine in young children: Sleep, development, and beyond. (2018) · cites this paper as [120]
Several longitudinal studies have found benefits of musical training in emotional development and empathy, prosocial skills, self-esteem, academic self-esteem, and mood and quality of life.
“Along these lines, several longitudinal studies have found benefits in such types of domains: emotional development and empathy (Rabinowitch et al., 2013), prosocial skills (Schellenberg et al., 2015), self-esteem (Costa-Giomi, 2004;Rickard et al., 2013), academic self-esteem (Degé et al., 2014;Degé & Schwarzer, 2018), and mood and quality of life (Seinfeld et al., 2013).”
From Please don't stop the music: A meta-analysis of the cognitive and academic benefits of instrumental musical training in childhood and adolescence (2022) · cites this paper as Rabinowitch et al., 2013
Rabinowitch, Cross, and Burnard (2013) find that children in musical group interactions show greater emotional empathy than the control group.
“Rabinowitch, Cross, and Burnard (2013) find that children in musical group interactions show greater emotional empathy than the control group.”
From The relationship between musical development and social inclusion in small-group instrumental teaching (2026) · cites this paper as Rabinowitch, Cross, and Burnard (2013)

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Authors: Rabinowitch, T.-C., Cross, I., & Burnard, P.
Affiliations: University of Cambridge (GB)
ORCID: Rabinowitch, Tal-Chen
Cross, Ian
Burnard, Pamela
Venue: Psychology of Music
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2012-04-13
Volume: 41
Issue: 4
Pages: 484-498
ISSN: 0305-7356 (ISSN-L)
1741-3087
DOI: 10.1177/0305735612440609
OpenAlex: W2124514031
Cited by: 387
References: 60
Citations by year: 2026: 18 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 70 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 4
FWCI: 289.50
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.repository.cam.ac.uk
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Psychology of Music (publishedVersion)
Apollo (University of Cambridge) (submittedVersion)
Apollo
Funders: Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Topics: Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Music › Diverse Music Education Insights
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Music Perception
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
Keywords: affective empathy, children, social-emotional development, music education, elementary school students, long-term intervention

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Long-term musical group interaction has a positive influence on empathy in children

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