Initiation of Addiction Treatment and Access to Services: Young Adults’ Accounts of Their Help-Seeking Experiences
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
Substance addiction in young adults is particularly problematic. Yet, much remain at stake in understanding the specifics of this population's access to services. The objective of this study is to explore young adults' initiation of substance misuse treatment. Our study sample was composed of 35 individuals aged 18 to 30 with problematic psychoactive substance use who have been identified in criminal courts, hospital emergency departments, and Health and Social Services Centers in Québec (Canada). A thematic analysis was performed on the 62 semi-structured interviews conducted with participants. Three components emerged. First, personal elements-expectations, individual motivations, perceptions of use, and capacity to control it-influence initiation of substance misuse treatment. Second, family and peers have noticeable influences. Finally, system characteristics and prior care experiences also shape the process. Consideration should be given to tailor interventions that can reach young adults and encourage them to initiate appropriate care.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The text we found for this paper looks like another document, so the self-check wasn’t run.
Cites
Levesque, J.-F., Harris, M. F., & Russell, G. (2013) · International Journal for Equity in Health · doi:10.1186/1475-9276-12-18 · Cited by 3,484 · see citing works
Gulliver, A., Griffiths, K. M., & Christensen, H. (2010) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-10-113 · Cited by 3,292 · see citing works
Clement, S., Schauman, O., Graham, T., Maggioni, F., Evans-Lacko, S., Bezborodovs, N., Morgan, C., Rüsch, N., Brown, J. S. L., & Thornicroft, G. (2015) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291714000129 · Cited by 3,152 · see citing works
Gossop, M., Darke, S. G., Griffiths, P., Hando, J., Powis, B., Hall, W., & Strang, J. (1995) · Addiction · doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.1995.9056072.x · Cited by 1,341 · see citing works
Babor, T. F., McRee, B. G., Kassebaum, P. A., Grimaldi, P. L., Ahmed, K., & Bray, J. (2007) · Substance Abuse · doi:10.1300/j465v28n03_03 · Cited by 1,100 · see citing works
Priester, M. A., Browne, T., Iachini, A., Clone, S., DeHart, D., & Seay, K. D. (2016) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2015.09.006 · Cited by 561 · see citing works
Gossop, M., Darke, S. G., Griffiths, P., et al. (1995) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1995.tb02199.x · Cited by 500 · see citing works
The Phenomenological Movement and Research in the Human Sciences
Giorgi, A. (2004) · Nursing Science Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0894318404272112 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Development of a questionnaire to measure alcohol dependence
Raistrick, D., Dunbar, G., & Davidson, R. (1983) · British Journal of Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1983.tb02484.x · Cited by 292 · see citing works
A Model of Internalized Stigma and Its Effects on People With Mental Illness
Drapalski, A. L., Lucksted, A. A., Perrin, P. B., Aakre, J. M., Brown, C. H., DeForge, B. R., & Ritsher, J. B. (2013) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.001322012 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Probst, C., Manthey, J., Martínez, A., & Rehm, J. T. (2015) · Substance Abuse Treatment Prevention and Policy · doi:10.1186/s13011-015-0028-z · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Hawkins, E. H. (2009) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163456 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Orford, J. (2008) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.02092.x · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Person-related and treatment-related barriers to alcohol treatment
Saunders, S. M., Zygowicz, K. M., & D'Angelo, B. R. (2006) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2006.01.003 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Text messaging interventions for adolescent and young adult substance use: a meta-analysis
Mason, M., Ola, B., Zaharakis, N., & Zhang, J. (2015) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-014-0498-7 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Waiting Time as a Barrier to Treatment Entry: Perceptions of Substance Users
Redko, C., Rapp, R. C., & Carlson, R. G. (2006) · Journal of Drug Issues · doi:10.1177/002204260603600404 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Choi, N. G., DiNitto, D. M., & Marti, C. N. (2014) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.10.004 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
DRUG USE AND BARRIERS TO USE OF HEALTH CARE SERVICES
McCoy, C. B., Metsch, L. R., Chitwood, D. D., & Miles, C. C. (2001) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1081/ja-100104091 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Burns, J. M., Durkin, L. A., & Nicholas, J. (2009) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.12.006 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
DRUG MISUSE: PSYCHOSOCIAL INTERVENTIONS
Bergmark, A. (2009) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02554_1.x · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Perron, B. E., Mowbray, O. P., Glass, J. E., Delva, J., Vaughn, M. G., & Howard, M. O. (2009) · Substance Abuse Treatment Prevention and Policy · doi:10.1186/1747-597x-4-3 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Sterling, S., Weisner, C., Hinman, A., & Parthasarathy, S. (2010) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2010.03.019 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
The associations of adolescent invulnerability and narcissism with problem behaviors
Barry, C. T., Pickard, J. D., & Ansel, L. L. (2009) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009.05.022 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Goodman, I., Peterson‐Badali, M., & Henderson, J. L. (2011) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.01.011 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Case management for dually diagnosed individuals involved in the criminal justice system
Godley, S. H., Д, Р. К., Finch, M., Dougan, L., McDonnell, M., McDermeit, M., & Carey, A. (2000) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/s0740-5472(99)00027-6 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Barriers and facilitators to adolescent drug treatment: Youth, family, and staff reports
Wisdom, J. P., Cavaleri, M. A., Pope, L. G., & Nacht, M. (2010) · Addiction Research & Theory · doi:10.3109/16066359.2010.530711 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Why Do Some Jail Inmates Not Engage in Treatment and Services?
Meyer, C. R., Tangney, J. P., Stuewig, J. B., & Moore, K. E. (2013) · International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology · doi:10.1177/0306624x13489828 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Five-year trajectories of health care utilization and cost in a drug and alcohol treatment sample
Parthasarathy, S., & Weisner, C. M. (2005) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.04.004 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“Ready, willing, and (not) able” to change: Young adults’ response to residential treatment
Kelly, J. F., Urbanoski, K. A., Hoeppner, B. B., & Slaymaker, V. J. (2011) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.09.003 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Hoeppner, B. B., Hoeppner, S. S., & Kelly, J. F. (2014) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.07.023 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Developmental timing of first drug treatment and 10-year patterns of drug use
Evans, E., Li, L., Grella, C. E., Brecht, M., & Hser, Y. (2012) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2012.07.012 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Perceived Need for Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorders: Results From Two National Surveys
Edlund, M. J., Booth, B. M., & Feldman, Z. (2009) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.60.12.1618 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Carey, T. S., Crotty, K., MORRISSEY, J. P., Jonas, D. E., Thaker, S., Ellis, A. R., Woodell, C., Wines, R., & Viswanathan, M. (2013) · Journal of Psychiatric Practice · doi:10.1097/01.pra.0000435034.37685.ce · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Adler, G., Pritchett, L. R., Kauth, M. R., & Mott, J. M. (2014) · Rural Mental Health · doi:10.1037/rmh0000024 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Understanding treatment delay among problem drinkers: What inhibits and facilitates help-seeking?
Naughton, F., Alexandrou, E., Dryden, S., Bath, J., & Giles, M. (2012) · Drugs Education Prevention and Policy · doi:10.3109/09687637.2012.745121 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
L’Espérance, N., Bertrand, K., & Perreault, M. (2016) · Health & Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1111/hsc.12333 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationLeslie, K., Manning, S. J., Maser, C., Snelgrove, D., Thornton, T., Wills, A., & Brands, B. (2015) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-015-9585-7 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Townsend, L. D., & Gearing, R. E. (2011) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73037-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Evidence-Based Treatment of Young Adults With Substance Use Disorders
Hadland, S. E., Yule, A. M., Levy, S., Hallett, E., Silverstein, M., & Bagley, S. M. (2021) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2020-023523d · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Early childhood trauma, substance use and complex concurrent disorders among adolescents
Cabanis, M., Outadi, A., & Choi, F. (2021) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000718 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Pennou, A., Lecomte, T., Potvin, S., & Khazaal, Y. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00302 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Sibley, A. L., Schalkoff, C. A., Richard, E. L., Piscalko, H. M., Brook, D., Lancaster, K. E., Miller, W. C., & Go, V. F.-L. (2020) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732320948829 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Dilkes-Frayne, E., Savic, M., Carter, A., Kokanović, R., & Lubman, D. I. (2019) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732319838231 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-awareness deficits associated with lower treatment motivation in cocaine addiction
Castine, B., Albein‐Urios, N., Lozano, O. M., Martínez-González, J. M., Hohwy, J., & Verdejo‐García, A. (2018) · The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse · doi:10.1080/00952990.2018.1511725 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Perrin, S., Bertrand, K., & Langlois, E. (2020) · International Journal of Drug Policy · doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102850 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationPalzes, V. A., Chi, F. W., Metz, V. E., Campbell, C. I., Corriveau, C., & Sterling, S. (2022) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.14961 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Fishman, M. J., Wenzel, K. R., Gauthier, P. R., Borodovsky, J. T., Murray, O., Subramaniam, G., Levy, S., Fredyma, E., McLeman, B. M., & Marsch, L. A. (2024) · Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.josat.2024.209352 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Aubut, V., Wagner, V., Cousineau, M., & Bertrand, K. (2020) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2020.1824045 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationCaris, L., & Beckers, T. (2022) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2022.108779 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Siljeholm, O., Edvardsson, K., Bergström, M., & Hammarberg, A. (2024) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.16429 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Wagner, V., Flores-Aranda, J., Guilhon, A. C. V., Knight, S., & Bertrand, K. (2021) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/10497323211051671 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationLum, A., Damianidou, D., Bailey, K. A., Cassel, S., Unwin, K., Beck, A. K., Kelly, P. J., Argent, A., Deane, F. P., Langford, S., et al. (2022) · Addiction Science & Clinical Practice · doi:10.1186/s13722-023-00379-w · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Wagner, V., Acier, D., & Dietlin, J.-E. (2018) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2018.1441310 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationJackson, B., Booth, R. G., & Jackson, K. T. (2022) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/10497323221121209 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Siljeholm, O., Eckerström, J., Molander, O., Sundbye, J., & Hammarberg, A. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-05913-x · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Putting the Patient First: A Scoping Review of Patient Desires in Canada
Peckham, A., Wright, J. G., Marani, H., Abdelhalim, R., Laxer, D. A., Allin, S. M., Alam, N., & Marchildon, G. P. (2021) · Healthcare policy · doi:10.12927/hcpol.2021.26499 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Social Factors Predict Treatment Engagement in Veterans with PTSD or SUD
Fivecoat, H. C., Lookatch, S. J., Mavandadi, S., McKay, J. R., & Sayers, S. L. (2022) · The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research · doi:10.1007/s11414-022-09823-2 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Singh, V., Dhawan, A., Chadda, R. K., Mishra, A. K., & Sarkar, S. (2022) · Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1177/02537176211066739 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Avendaño, A. M. A., Mendoza, M. R., & Luis, A. H. G. S. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.649961 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Aleksanyan, J., Choi, S., Lincourt, P., Burke, C., Ramsey, K. S., Hussain, S., Jordan, A. E., Morris, M., D’Aunno, T. A., Glied, S., et al. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0297567 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Archambault, L., Bertrand, K., Jutras‐Aswad, D., Monson, E., Touré, E. H., & Perreault, M. (2023) · Drug and Alcohol Review · doi:10.1111/dar.13634 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Broken Care Continuum for Young Adults With Opioid Addiction
Hadland, S. E. (2020) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.09.020 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Avendaño, A. M. A., & Luis, A. H. G. S. (2020) · Salud Colectiva · doi:10.18294/sc.2020.2523 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Hutchison, M., Pisani, A. R., Cuellar, V. A., Donovan, S. J., Scade, P., & Conner, K. R. (2025) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2025.2508748 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Sandhu, M., Thulien, M., Eekhoudt, C. R., Friesen, D., Moore, E. M., Ignaszewski, M. J., Bagley, S. M., Motta‐Ochoa, R., Jenkins, E., & Fast, D. (2025) · SSM - Qualitative Research in Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmqr.2025.100631 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Peart, A., Petukhova, R., Sin, J., Manning, V., Arunogiri, S., Lubman, D. I., & Grigg, J. (2026) · Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation · doi:10.2147/sar.s564520 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Implications of deficit discourse in the conversations of a mother who requests forced treatment
Araujo, C. N. D. P., McNamee, S., & Corradi-Webster, C. M. (2023) · Psicologia USP · doi:10.1590/0103-6564e220043 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Lum, A., Damianidou, D., Bailey, K. A., Cassel, S., Unwin, K., Beck, A. K., Kelly, P. J., Argent, A., Deane, F. P., Langford, S., et al. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4121575 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
McCarter, K. L., Lum, A., Damianidou, D., Bailey, K. A., Cassel, S., Unwin, K., Beck, A. K., Kelly, P. J., Argent, A., Deane, F. P., et al. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2250527/v1
Siljeholm, O., Eckerström, J., Molander, O., Sundbye, J., & Hammarberg, A. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26082711
Lum, A., Damianidou, D., Bailey, K. A., Cassel, S., Unwin, K., Beck, A., Kelly, P. J., Argent, A., Deane, F. P., Langford, S., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22914694
Siljeholm, O., Eckerström, J., Molander, O., Sundbye, J., & Hammarberg, A. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26082613
Lum, A., Damianidou, D., Bailey, K. A., Cassel, S., Unwin, K., Beck, A., Kelly, P. J., Argent, A., Deane, F. P., Langford, S., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22914697
Wagner, V. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/48f1c9b2z5effz4662z85ffzec13069fcf14
Self-citationRobinson, A., LeBouef, S., Krahl, W., Hokanson, C. D., Mohamud, Z., & O’Brien, J. R. G. (2026) · Journal of Addiction Medicine · doi:10.1097/adm.0000000000001727
Sheidow, A. J., Drazdowski, T. K., Pasman, E., Wenzel, K. R., Gallardo, K. R., Jurinsky, J., Kelly, L. M., McCart, M. R., Hayes, B. B., Lewis, L. E., et al. (2026) · Emerging Adulthood · doi:10.1177/21676968261493641
- Authors
- Wagner, V., Bertrand, K., Flores-Aranda, J., Acier, D., Brunelle, N., Landry, M., & Brochu, S.
- Affiliations
- Université de Sherbrooke (CA)
- Université de Nantes (FR)
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (CA)
- Montréal Addiction Rehabilitation Centre—University Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Université de Montréal (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Wagner, Vincent
- Venue
- Qualitative Health Research
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2016-12-04
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1614-1627
- ISSN
- 1049-7323 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-7557
- OpenAlex
- W2560304114
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 1.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hal.science
- Licence
- Locations
- Qualitative Health Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
- Université de Montréal
- Fonds de Recherche du Québec–Société et Culture
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Homelessness and Social Issues
- Keywords
- help-seeking, young adults, family influence, peer influence, treatment expectations, criminal justice involvement, emergency department, health and social services
- MeSH terms
- Help-Seeking Behavior, Adolescent, Adult, Female, Health Services Accessibility, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Quebec, Tape Recording, Substance-Related Disorders, Qualitative Research, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review