Stages of Small-Group Development Revisited
Abstract
The purpose of this review was to examine published research on small-group development done in the last ten years that would constitute an empirical test of Tuckman's (1965) hypothesis that groups go through the stages of "forming," "storming," "norming," and "performing." Of the twenty-two studies reviewed, only one set out to directly test this hypothesis, although many of the others could be related to it. Following a review of these studies, a fifth stage, "adjourning," was added to the hypothesis, and more empirical work was recommended.
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For a collaborative research team to become high-performing, conflict is a normal and necessary element.
“conflict is a normal and necessary part of becoming a high-performing collaborative research team (Tuckman and Jensen 1977).”
From Creating and maintaining high‐performing collaborative research teams: the importance of diversity and interpersonal skills (2014) · cites this paper as Tuckman and Jensen 1977
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- Authors
- Tuckman, B. W., & Jensen, M. A. C.
- Affiliations
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- Venue
- Group & Organization Studies
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1977-12
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 419-427
- ISSN
- 0364-1082 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2100929472
- Cited by
- 2,679
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 82 · 2025: 110 · 2024: 150 · 2023: 148 · 2022: 133 · 2021: 139 · 2020: 120 · 2019: 110 · 2018: 106 · 2017: 111 · 2016: 147 · 2015: 136 · 2014: 99 · 2013: 104 · 2012: 107
- FWCI
- 1.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Group & Organization Studies (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Team Dynamics and Performance
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Power and Status Dynamics
- Keywords
- small group development, group dynamics
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