Effects of team leader emotional intelligence and team emotional climate on team member job satisfaction: A cross‐level
Abstract
Purpose Western research on teams has paid an increasing attention to team's emotional process and corresponding outcomes. However, there were seldom studies examining the influence mechanism of team leader emotional intelligence on subordinate outcomes in teams, and the previous studies often neglected the team context. The aim of the study is to explore the cross‐level effect of team leader emotional intelligence and team emotional climate on team member job satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach Questionnaire survey on 148 team leaders and 840 team members was conducted. The paper applied hierarchical linear modeling analyses with the software HLM 6.06 to test the hypotheses. Findings The analyses on the matched sample showed that team negative emotional climate has negative effect on team member job satisfaction, and team emotional climate moderates the relationship between leader emotional intelligence and team member job satisfaction such that leader emotional intelligence has stronger effect on member job satisfaction as team emotional climate becomes more negative. Research limitations/implications First, it is a single time period study and cross‐sectional research design, which limits our ability to make causal inferences about the relationships proposed. Second, team leader emotional intelligence was reported by team leader themselves, and it will be better to combine self‐report and other‐report measures of emotional intelligence in the future study. Originality/value This study extends the existing theory through a cross‐level framework that examines how team emotional climate interacts with team leader emotional intelligence to affect member job satisfaction, thus enriches the studies on emotional intelligence and leadership, team emotional climate and team effectiveness. The study also provides evidence of group‐level emotion in China, a non‐Western cultural country, which enriches the existing body of studies sampling exclusively from Western cultural groups and the research of emotions in organizations at group level.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
A team leader's emotional intelligence strongly impacts the work team's well-being as the work climate becomes stressed.
“Consequently, a team leader's EI strongly impacts the work team's well-being as the work climate becomes stressed [83].”
From Emotional intelligence, leadership, and work teams: A hybrid literature review. (2023) · cites this paper as [83]
Cites
Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. D. (1990) · Imagination, Cognition and Personality · doi:10.2190/dugg-p24e-52wk-6cdg · Cited by 10,484 · see citing works
The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling
Tropman, J. E., & Hochschild, A. R. (1984) · Journal of Policy Analysis and Management · doi:10.2307/3324333 · Cited by 8,747 · see citing works
The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success?
Lyubomirsky, S., King, L., & Diener, E. (2005) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.6.803 · Cited by 7,143 · see citing works
Working with Emotional Intelligence
Goleman, D. (1999) · ETC: A Review of General Semantics · doi:10.66774/etc_5601_103 · Cited by 6,254 · see citing works
The job satisfaction–job performance relationship: A qualitative and quantitative review.
Judge, T. A., Thoresen, C. J., Bono, J. E., & Patton, G. K. (2001) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.127.3.376 · Cited by 4,760 · see citing works
(1980) · Methodology · Cited by 3,570 · see citing works
Weiss, H. M., & Cropanzano, R. (1996) · Cited by 3,558 · see citing works
What Makes Teams Work: Group Effectiveness Research from the Shop Floor to the Executive Suite
Cohen, S. G., & Bailey, D. E. (1997) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/014920639702300303 · Cited by 3,526 · see citing works
Fredrickson, B. L. (2001) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.56.3.218 · Cited by 3,512 · see citing works
The ripple effect: emotional contagion and its influence on group behavior
Barsade, S. G. (2002) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3094912 · Cited by 3,361 · see citing works
The effects of leader and follower emotional intelligence on performance and attitude
Wong, C., & Law, K. S. (2002) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/s1048-9843(02)00099-1 · Cited by 3,237 · see citing works
Locke, E. A. (1969) · Organizational Behavior and Human Performance · doi:10.1016/0030-5073(69)90013-0 · Cited by 2,767 · see citing works
Stages of Small-Group Development Revisited
Tuckman, B. W., & Jensen, M. A. C. (1977) · Group & Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/105960117700200404 · Cited by 2,679 · see citing works
Team Effectiveness 1997-2007: A Review of Recent Advancements and a Glimpse Into the Future
Mathieu, J. E., Maynard, M. T., Rapp, T. L., & Gilson, L. L. (2008) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206308316061 · Cited by 2,424 · see citing works
rwg: an assessment of within-group interrater agreement
James, L. R., Demaree, R. G., & Wolf, G. (1993) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.78.2.306 · Cited by 2,221 · see citing works
Aggregation bias in estimates of perceptual agreement.
James, L. R. (1982) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.67.2.219 · Cited by 2,139 · see citing works
Centering Decisions in Hierarchical Linear Models: Implications for Research in Organizations
Hofmann, D. A., & Gavin, M. B. (1998) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/014920639802400504 · Cited by 2,111 · see citing works
Emotions and leadership: The role of emotional intelligence
George, J. M. (2000) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/0018726700538001 · Cited by 2,027 · see citing works
Handbook of leadership;: A survey of theory and research
Stogdill, R. M. (1974) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,816 · see citing works
Groups in Context: A Model of Task Group Effectiveness
Ancona, D. G. (1984) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2392936 · Cited by 1,783 · see citing works
Substitutes for leadership: Their meaning and measurement
Kerr, S., & Jermier, J. M. (1978) · Organizational Behavior and Human Performance · doi:10.1016/0030-5073(78)90023-5 · Cited by 1,748 · see citing works
The Wisdom of Teams: Creating the High-Performance Organization
(1997) · Quality Management Journal · doi:10.1080/10686967.1997.11918781 · Cited by 1,493 · see citing works
Personality, affect, and behavior in groups
George, J. M. (1990) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.75.2.107 · Cited by 1,372 · see citing works
Path-goal theory of leadership: Lessons, legacy, and a reformulated theory
House, R. J. (1996) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/s1048-9843(96)90024-7 · Cited by 1,340 · see citing works
Waldman, D. A., Ramirez, G. G., House, R. J., & Puranam, P. (2001) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/3069341 · Cited by 1,259 · see citing works
The emotional intelligence of leaders
Goleman, D. (1998) · Leader to Leader · doi:10.1002/ltl.40619981008 · Cited by 1,168 · see citing works
A Longitudinal Analysis of the Antecedents of Organizational Commitment
Bateman, T. S., & Strasser, S. (1984) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/255959 · Cited by 1,076 · see citing works
Mood and emotions in small groups and work teams
Kelly, J. R., & Barsade, S. G. (2001) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1006/obhd.2001.2974 · Cited by 1,011 · see citing works
Relation of employee and manager emotional intelligence to job satisfaction and performance
Sy, T., Tram, S., & O’Hara, L. A. (2006) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2005.10.003 · Cited by 805 · see citing works
Toward a contextual theory of leadership
Osborn, R. N., Hunt, J. G., & Jauch, L. R. (2002) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/s1048-9843(02)00154-6 · Cited by 660 · see citing works
Workplace emotions: the role of supervision and leadership.
Bono, J., Foldes, H. J., Vinson, G. A., & Muros, J. P. (2007) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.92.5.1357 · Cited by 581 · see citing works
A Social Interactional Theory of Emotions.
Fine, G. A., & Kemper, T. D. (1981) · Social Forces · doi:10.2307/2578010 · Cited by 554 · see citing works
Research strategies and tactics in industrial and organizational psychology.
Sackett, P. R., & Larson, J. R. (1990) · Cited by 454 · see citing works
Pirola-Merlo, A., Härtel, C., Mann, L., & Hirst, G. (2002) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/s1048-9843(02)00144-3 · Cited by 451 · see citing works
Affect and favorable work outcomes: two longitudinal tests of the happy-productive worker thesis
Wright, T. A., & Staw, B. M. (1999) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1379(199901)20:1 · Cited by 435 · see citing works
Emergent leaders as managers of group emotion
Pescosolido, A. T. (2002) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/s1048-9843(02)00145-5 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Barrick, M. R., Bradley, B., Kristof‐Brown, A. L., & Colbert, A. E. (2007) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2007.25525781 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
van der Vegt, G. S., Emans, B. J. M., & de Vliert, E. V. (2001) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2001.tb00085.x · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Group emotion: A view from top and bottom.
Barsade, S. G., & Gibson, D. E. (1998) · Cited by 299 · see citing works
The Affective Revolution in Organizational Behavior: The Emergence of a Paradigm
Stroh, L. K., Northcraft, G. B., Neale, M. A., Kern, (.-A. M., Langlands, (.-A. C., & Greenberg, J. (2003) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410607379-8 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Duffy, M. K., & Shaw, J. D. (2000) · Small Group Research · doi:10.1177/104649640003100101 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
O’Driscoll, M. P., & Beehr, T. A. (2000) · The Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/00224540009600454 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Expectancy theory measures: An empirical comparison in an experimental simulation
Ilgen, D. R., Nebeker, D. M., & Pritchard, R. D. (1981) · Organizational Behavior and Human Performance · doi:10.1016/0030-5073(81)90022-2 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Work Related and ``Private'' Social Interactions at Work
Tschan, F., Semmer, N. K., & Inversin, L. (2003) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1023/b:soci.0000007338.60393.bf · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Fisher, B. M., & EDWARDS, J. E. (1988) · Academy of Management Proceedings · doi:10.5465/ambpp.1988.4980535 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
SHARED EMOTIONS AND GROUP EFFECTIVENESS: THE ROLE OF BROADENING-AND-BUILDING INTERACTIONS.
Rhee, S. (2006) · Academy of Management Proceedings · doi:10.5465/ambpp.2006.22898617 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Druskat, V. U., & Pescosolido, A. T. (2007) · Research on emotion in organizations · doi:10.1016/s1746-9791(06)02002-5 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Managers’ Trait Emotional Intelligence and Group Outcomes: The Case of Group Job Satisfaction
Zampetakis, L. A., & Moustakis, V. (2011) · Small Group Research · doi:10.1177/1046496410373627 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
An Emotion Process Model for Multicultural Teams
Elfenbein, H. A., & Shirako, A. (2006) · Research on managing groups and teams · doi:10.1016/s1534-0856(06)09011-6 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Yu, Q. (2008) · Acta Psychologica Sinica · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1041.2008.00074 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Villard, J. A. (2004) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network) · Cited by 10 · see citing works
AFFECT AND PERFORMANCE: A WITHIN PERSONS ANALYSIS.
Fisher, C. D., & Noble, C. S. (2000) · Academy of Management Proceedings · doi:10.5465/apbpp.2000.5535153 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
(1997) · Naming the Mind: How Psychology Found its Language · doi:10.4135/9781446221815.n7 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Emotional intelligence, leadership, and work teams: A hybrid literature review.
Coronado-Maldonado, I., & Benítez-Márquez, M.-D. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20356 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Miao, C., Humphrey, R. H., & Qian, S. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.06.056 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
- Authors
- Liu, X., & Liu, J.
- Affiliations
- Renmin University of China (CN)
- ORCID
- Liu, Jun
- Venue
- Nankai Business Review International
- Publisher
- Emerald
- Published
- 2013-08-16
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 180-198
- ISSN
- 2040-8749 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1550723111
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 1.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nankai Business Review International (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotional Intelligence and Performance
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Team Dynamics and Performance
- Keywords
- leader emotional intelligence, job satisfaction, team members, cross-level effects, moderating effect, team leadership
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review