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Cited by 13Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderDevelopmental and Educational NeuropsychologyPsychometric Methodologies and Testing

Reliability, Factor Validity, and Neuropsychological Correlates of the Child Concentration Inventory–2 in a Community Sample of Italian Adolescents

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Somma, Antonella, Becker, Stephen P., Leitner, Caterina, Fossati, Andrea·2022·Assessment
DOI 10.1177/10731911211033349
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Abstract

Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) has been less frequently studied in adolescents compared with school-aged youth, few studies have examined youth self-report of SCT, and no study has examined SCT in Italy. The present study examined the reliability and validity of the Child Concentration Inventory–Version 2 (CCI-2), a youth self-report measure of SCT, in 452 Italian adolescent high school students (37.8% female; mean age = 15.92 years). Adolescents were administered Italian translations of the CCI-2 and the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Self-Report Scale (ASRS). School performance variables (i.e., teacher-rated grades and teachers’ disciplinary ratings) were also collected. A random subsample ( n = 88) of participants was also administered the Mackworth Clock Test, a short version of the Attention Network Test, and the Stop-Signal Task. In our study, all CCI-2 items showed adequate convergent–discriminant validity, and the CCI-2 scale score showed adequate internal consistency reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis results suggested the adequacy of a one-factor model of the CCI-2 items, which showed to be invariant across sex. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the dissociability of SCT from ADHD-Inattention and ADHD-Impulsivity. SCT was significantly and negatively associated with adolescents’ average school grades, whereas ADHD was also significantly and negatively associated with adolescents’ disciplinary ratings. In the random subsample, the CCI-2 total score was positively, significantly, and uniquely associated with overall reaction time on the Attention Network Task, but not other neurocognitive variables. This study provides further support for the reliability and validity of self-reported SCT in adolescence.

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  • Families of children with SCT report wanting at least some parent involvement and a preference for treatment in the school setting.

    “Finally, families of children with SCT report wanting at least some degree of parent involvement while also noting a preference for treatment to be provided in the school setting.34”

    From Report of a Work Group on Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: Key Research Directions and a Consensus Change in Terminology to Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (2023) · cites this paper as [34]

    The Methods and Discussion describe a study of CCI-2 validity and school performance in Italian adolescents, not families’ treatment preferences. Searches for parent involvement and school-based treatment found no passage in our copy addressing either preference; page numbers were unavailable. (LLM, conf=0.76)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • A qualitative study found that almost half of parents of children with elevated SCT symptoms had a negative reaction to the SCT term.

    “and a qualitative study found almost half of parents of children with elevated SCT symptoms had a negative reaction to the SCT term.34”

    From Report of a Work Group on Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: Key Research Directions and a Consensus Change in Terminology to Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (2023) · cites this paper as [34]

    The Discussion (page unavailable) describes validation of the CCI-2 in Italian adolescents, not a qualitative study of parents’ reactions to the SCT term. Searches for parents’ reactions, negative reactions, and the terminology found no passage reporting the claimed finding or its ‘almost half’ figure. (LLM, conf=0.74)

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Somma, A., Becker, S. P., Leitner, C., & Fossati, A.
Affiliations
  • Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (IT)
  • University of Cincinnati (US)
Corresponding author
Fossati, Andrea
ORCID
Venue
Assessment
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2021-08-01
Volume
29
Issue
8
Pages
1842-1857
ISSN
  • 1073-1911 (ISSN-L)
  • 1552-3489
DOI
10.1177/10731911211033349
OpenAlex
W3192340748
Cited by
13
References
14
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3
FWCI
1.61
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Assessment (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
  • Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Keywords
sluggish cognitive tempo, adolescents, self-report measures, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, inattention, impulsivity, academic performance, reaction time, Italian translation, psychometric validation, sex invariance
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Cognition, Female, Humans, Impulsive Behavior, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Reproducibility of Results

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