ADHD Dimensions and Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Symptoms in Relation to Self-Report and Laboratory Measures of Neuropsychological Functioning in College Students
Abstract
Objective: This study examined ADHD and sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) symptoms in relation to self-report and laboratory measures of neuropsychological functioning in college students. Method: College students ( N = 298, aged 17-25, 72% female) completed self-reports of ADHD, SCT, depression, sleep, functional impairment, and executive functioning (EF). Participants also completed a visual working memory task, a Stroop test, and the Conners’ Continuous Performance Test–II (CPT-II). Results: ADHD inattentive and SCT symptoms were strong predictors of self-reported EF, with inattention the strongest predictor of Time Management and Motivation and SCT the strongest predictor of Self-Organization/Problem Solving. SCT (but not inattention) was associated with Emotion Regulation. No relationships were found between self-reported symptoms and laboratory task performance. Between-group analyses were largely consistent with regression analyses. Conclusion: Self-reported ADHD and SCT symptoms are strongly associated with college students’ self-reported EF, but relationships with laboratory task measures of neuropsychological functioning are limited.
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Extant studies indicate higher rates of SCT among college students as compared to the general adult population.
“extant studies indicate higher rates of SCT among college students as compared to the general adult population (Flannery, Becker, et al., 2016; Jarrett et al., 2017; Wood, Lewandowski, et al., 2017).”
From Sluggish Cognitive Tempo and Personality: Links to BIS/BAS Sensitivity and the Five Factor Model (2018) · cites this paper as Jarrett et al., 2017
Findings regarding the differential links between SCT and ADHD in relation to personality in childhood cannot be assumed to generalize to young adults.
“Further, findings regarding the differential links between SCT and ADHD in relation to personality in childhood cannot be assumed to generalize to young adults, particularly as a recent study shows SCT to increase slightly across the transition from childhood to adolescence (Leopold et al., 2016) and young adults have higher rates of SCT than both children and the general adult population (Flann”
From Sluggish Cognitive Tempo and Personality: Links to BIS/BAS Sensitivity and the Five Factor Model (2018) · cites this paper as Jarrett et al., 2017
In prior studies of adults with ADHD and SCT, SCT was associated with EF deficits in problem-solving and organization.
“In the few prior studies of adults with ADHD + SCT, SCT was associated with EF deficits in problem-solving and organization (9, 10) and in global EF (1, 2, 9–13).”
From Characteristics of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo among adults with ADHD: objective neurocognitive measures align with self-report of executive function (2023) · cites this paper as [10]
Even when accounting for both ADHD severity and comorbid anxiety, SCT remained independently associated with EF deficits and emotional self-control.
“Even when accounting for both ADHD severity and co-morbid anxiety, SCT remained independently associated with EF deficits and emotional self-control (2, 9–11).”
From Characteristics of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo among adults with ADHD: objective neurocognitive measures align with self-report of executive function (2023) · cites this paper as [10]
In prior studies of adults with ADHD and SCT, SCT was associated with global EF deficits.
“In the few prior studies of adults with ADHD + SCT, SCT was associated with EF deficits in problem-solving and organization (9, 10) and in global EF (1, 2, 9–13).”
From Characteristics of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo among adults with ADHD: objective neurocognitive measures align with self-report of executive function (2023) · cites this paper as [10]
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- Authors
- Jarrett, M. A., Rapport, H. F., Rondon, A. T., & Becker, S. P.
- Affiliations
- University of Alabama (US)
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Attention Disorders
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2014-12-16
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 673-683
- ISSN
- 1087-0547 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-1246
- OpenAlex
- W2041903257
- Semantic Scholar
- 7622a93664b20b204edad83aa5a337e24b7acd82
- Cited by
- 94
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 6
- FWCI
- 5.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Attention Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, sluggish cognitive tempo, inattention, executive function, university students, neuropsychological performance, self-reported symptoms, visual working memory, Stroop task, continuous performance test, emotion regulation, self-organization, motivation, time management, depression, sleep, functional disability
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Cognition Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Emotions, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Motivation, Neuropsychological Tests, Regression Analysis, Sleep Wake Disorders, Students, Task Performance and Analysis, Young Adult, Executive Function, Stroop Test, Self Report
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