Cited by 219Child and Animal Learning DevelopmentAutism Spectrum Disorder ResearchSocial Robot Interaction and HRI

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Spontaneous Theory of Mind and Its Absence in Autism Spectrum Disorders

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Senju, Atsushi·2012·The Neuroscientist

DOI 10.1177/1073858410397208PMC PMC3796729

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Abstract

Theory of mind, the cognitive capacity to infer others’ mental states, is crucial for the development of social communication. The impairment of theory of mind may relate to autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which is characterized by profound difficulties in social interaction and communication. In the current article, I summarize recent updates in theory of mind research utilizing the spontaneous false belief test, which assesses participants’ spontaneous tendency to attribute belief status to others. These studies reveal that young infants pass the spontaneous false belief test well before they can pass the same task when explicitly asked to answer. By contrast, high-functioning adults with ASD, who can easily pass the false belief task when explicitly asked to, do not show spontaneous false belief attribution. These findings suggest that the capacity for theory of mind develops much earlier than was previously thought, and the absence of spontaneous theory of mind may relate to impairment in social interaction and communication found in ASD.

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Authors: Senju, A.
Affiliations: University of London (GB)
Corresponding author: Senju, Atsushi
ORCID: Senju, Atsushi
Venue: The Neuroscientist
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2011-05-23
Volume: 18
Issue: 2
Pages: 108-113
ISSN: 1073-8584 (ISSN-L)
1089-4098
DOI: 10.1177/1073858410397208
PMC: PMC3796729
OpenAlex: W2116421617
Cited by: 219
References: 29
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 7
FWCI: 19.05
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: The Neuroscientist (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
BIROn (Birkbeck, University of London) (acceptedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Social Robot Interaction and HRI
Keywords: theory of mind, autism spectrum disorder, false belief test, infant social cognition, social communication, high-functioning adults
MeSH terms: Adult, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Culture, Humans, Infant, Interpersonal Relations, Neuropsychological Tests, Social Perception, Theory of Mind

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Spontaneous Theory of Mind and Its Absence in Autism Spectrum Disorders

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