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Promoting First Relationships: Randomized Trial of a Relationship-Based Intervention for Toddlers in Child Welfare
Open accessAbstract
We conducted a community-based, randomized control trial with intent-to-treat analyses of Promoting First Relationships (PFR) to improve parenting and toddler outcomes for toddlers in state dependency. Toddlers (10–24 months; N = 210) with a recent placement disruption were randomized to 10-week PFR or a comparison condition. Community agency providers were trained to use PFR in the intervention for caregivers. From baseline to postintervention, observational ratings of caregiver sensitivity improved more in the PFR condition than in the comparison condition, with an effect size for the difference in adjusted means postintervention of d = .41. Caregiver understanding of toddlers’ social emotional needs and caregiver reports of child competence also differed by intervention condition postintervention ( d = .36 and d = .42) with caregivers in the PFR condition reporting more understanding of toddlers and child competence. Models of PFR effects on within-individual change were significant for caregiver sensitivity and understanding of toddlers. At the 6-month follow-up, only 61% of original sample dyads were still intact and there were no significant differences on caregiver or child outcomes.
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“Although successful in improving sensitivity, postintervention and 6-month follow up revealed no changes in attachment security.”
From Relational Interventions for Maltreated Children (2017) · cites this paper as Spieker et al., 2012
In the citing paper
“demonstrated that caregivers in the PFR condition had greater improvements in sensitivity (d = .41) and understanding of children’s emotional needs (d = .36) postintervention than did those in the educational comparison condition (Spieker et al., 2012).”
From Relational Interventions for Maltreated Children (2017) · cites this paper as Spieker et al., 2012
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Sorted by citations
Jeong, J., Franchett, E. E., Ramos de Oliveira, C. V., Rehmani, K., & Yousafzai, A. K. (2021) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003602 · Cited by 903
Relational interventions for child maltreatment: Past, present and future perspectives
Toth, S. L., Gravener-Davis, J. A., Guild, D. J., & Cicchetti, D. (2013) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579413000795 · Cited by 124
“…ABC intervention, PFR addresses the concern that children who have had multiple caregivers due to their involvement in the child welfare system may give confusing signals, preventing the child from eliciting the nurturing response that they are seeking from their caregiver (Spieker et al., 2012).”
A meta-analytic review of parenting interventions in foster care and adoption
Schoemaker, N. K., Wentholt, W. G. M., Goemans, A., Vermeer, H. J., Juffer, F., & Alink, L. R. A. (2019) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579419000798 · Cited by 113
“Of the 19 studies with a follow-up measurement, only 1 study reported results on attachment security (Spieker et al., 2012; 6 months after the postintervention measurement), and no studies reported results on diurnal cortisol levels, whichmade it impossible to investigate the long-term follow-up…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMacdonald, G. M., Livingstone, N., Hanratty, J., McCartan, C. J., Cotmore, R., Cary, M., Glaser, D., Byford, S., Welton, N. J., Bosqui, T. J., et al. (2016) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta20690 · Cited by 90
“Spieker et al.(131) used the Toddler Attachment Sort-45,(350) a modified version of the Attachment Q-sort(698) to assess children’s attachment security, and Becker-Weidman(134,135) used the Randolph Attachment Disorder Questionnaire.”
InfluentialEvidence-Based Parenting Interventions to Promote Secure Attachment
Wright, B., & Edginton, E. (2016) · Global Pediatric Health · doi:10.1177/2333794x16661888 · Cited by 72
Attachment Theory and Maternal Drug Addiction: The Contribution to Parenting Interventions
Parolin, M., & Simonelli, A. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00152 · Cited by 75
Reassessing the validity of the attachment Q‐sort: An updated meta‐analysis
Cadman, T., Diamond, P. R., & Fearon, P. R. M. (2017) · Infant and Child Development · doi:10.1002/icd.2034 · Cited by 70
Relational Interventions for Maltreated Children
Valentino, K. (2017) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.12735 · Cited by 67
“36) postintervention than did those in the educational comparison condition (Spieker et al., 2012).”
Promoting First Relationships ®
Oxford, M. L., Spieker, S. J., Lohr, M. J., & Fleming, C. B. (2016) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/1077559516668274 · Cited by 67
“Because we were dissatisfied with the TAS-45 trilemma scoring system used in our previous study (Spieker et al., 2012), in this study, we applied the five-pile sorting procedure that produced good psychometrics for an overall TAS-45 security score in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Birth…”
InfluentialSelf-citationHarden, B. J., Buhler‐Wassmann, A. C., & Parra, L. J. (2016) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/1524838016658878 · Cited by 75
Video feedback for parental sensitivity and attachment security in children under five years
O’Hara, L., Smith, E. R., Barlow, J., Livingstone, N., Herath, N. I., Wei, Y., Spreckelsen, T. F., & Macdonald, G. M. (2019) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012348.pub2 · Cited by 66
Bödeker, K., Fuchs, A., Führer, D., Kluczniok, D., Dittrich, K., Reichl, C., Reck, C., Kaess, M., Attar, C. H., Möhler, E., et al. (2018) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-018-0839-z · Cited by 56
Jugovac, S., O’Kearney, R., Hawes, D. J., & Pasalich, D. S. (2022) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-022-00401-8 · Cited by 72
Occupational Therapy Practice Guidelines for Early Childhood: Birth–5 Years
Clark, G. F., & Kingsley, K. L. (2020) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.2020.743001 · Cited by 66
“…OT recommended revisiting infant massage using the Baby ’ s First Massage protocol (Bennett et al., 2013; Juneau et al., 2015; Oswalt & Biasini, 2011) and training River in responding to Bhrodi ’ s cries and cues (Evans et al., 2014; Komoto et al., 2015; Ravn et al., 2011; Spieker et al., 2012).”
Hastings, P. D., Kahle, S. S., Fleming, C. B., Lohr, M. J., Katz, L. F., & Oxford, M. L. (2018) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/desc.12725 · Cited by 50
Self-citationProgram Components of Psychosocial Interventions in Foster and Kinship Care: A Systematic Review
Kemmis-Riggs, J., Dickes, A., & McAloon, J. (2017) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-017-0247-0 · Cited by 54
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Hastings, P. D., & Kahle, S. S. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-17332-6_3 · Cited by 45
Pasalich, D. S., Fleming, C. B., Oxford, M. L., Zheng, Y., & Spieker, S. J. (2016) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/1077559516656398 · Cited by 39
“This study was a secondary data analysis of an RCT of the PFR intervention (see Spieker et al., 2012) involving 210 toddlers (M age¼ 18.01 months, SD¼ 4.73, 56% boys) and their caregivers who were recruited into the Fostering Families Project between April 2007 and March 2010.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationKohlhoff, J. R., Lieneman, C. C., Cibralic, S., Traynor, N. M., & McNeil, C. B. (2022) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-022-00405-4 · Cited by 52
Ahun, M. N., Ali, N. B., Hentschel, E., Jeong, J., Franchett, E. E., & Yousafzai, A. K. (2024) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.15110 · Cited by 43
Spieker, S. J., Oxford, M. L., & Fleming, C. B. (2014) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.06.017 · Cited by 35
“Zeanah et al. (2001) compared the permanency outcomes of 145 children under four years who entered care four years before the implementation of a multimodal, individualized assessment and intervention program directed to both birth families and foster families (comparison group), and 95 children who entered care four…”
BackgroundSelf-citationIntervention Effects on Morning and Stimulated Cortisol Responses among Toddlers in Foster Care
Nelson, E. M. M., & Spieker, S. J. (2013) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.21382 · Cited by 37
“42), relative to caregivers in the comparison condition (Spieker et al., 2012), but this association was not apparent in the substudy.”
InfluentialSelf-citationOxford, M. L., Marcenko, M. O., Fleming, C. B., Lohr, M. J., & Spieker, S. J. (2015) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2015.12.004 · Cited by 34
“Consequently, we examined outcomes in the reunified subsample using the same approach as the main effects study (Spieker et al., 2012a).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationMarcellus, L., & Badry, D. (2021) · International Journal of Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1080/20473869.2021.1945890 · Cited by 36
“…including the Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up (ABC) intervention (Dozier et al. 2013), the Foster Family Intervention (FFI) (Van Andel et al. 2016), the New Orleans Intervention Model (Zeanah et al. 2011), and the Promoting First Relationships (PFR) intervention (Spieker et al. 2012).”
BackgroundParenting Intervention Outcomes for Kinship Caregivers and Child: A Systematic Review
Wu, Q., Zhu, Y.-Q., Ogbonnaya, I., Zhang, S.-J., & Wu, S. (2020) · International Journal of Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104524 · Cited by 28
“Some interventions (Pasalich et al., 2016; Spieker et al., 2012; Spieker et al., 2014), such as the Promoting First Relationship program, focused on improving the relationship between caregivers and the cared for children.”
BackgroundOxford, M. L., Fleming, C. B., Nelson, E. M. M., Kelly, J. F., & Spieker, S. J. (2013) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2013.09.021 · Cited by 29
Self-citationImpact of a home visiting program on sleep problems among young children experiencing adversity
Hash, J. B., Oxford, M. L., Fleming, C. B., Ward, T. M., Spieker, S. J., & Lohr, M. J. (2019) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.12.016 · Cited by 29
“This finding is contrary to our hypotheses and conflicts with findings from the priormentioned study showing fewer sleep problems among infants and toddlers who received PFR (Oxford et al., 2013; Spieker et al., 2012).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationPasalich, D. S., Fleming, C. B., Spieker, S. J., Lohr, M. J., & Oxford, M. L. (2018) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/1077559518809217 · Cited by 34
“Findings from a prior RCT of PFR in toddlers who had recently entered a new foster/kinship placement or were reunified (Spieker et al., 2012) indicate potential benefits of PFR for reducing risk of poor behavioral outcomes in children who have experienced unstable placements.”
Self-citationBooth‐LaForce, C., Oxford, M. L., Barbosa‐Leiker, C., Burduli, E., & Buchwald, D. (2019) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-019-01053-x · Cited by 25
“Both Spieker et al. (2012) and Oxford et al. (2016) found that PFR, compared with a control treatment, significantly improved the quality of parent-child interaction, as well as caregivers’ knowledge of toddlers’ social-emotional needs and level of developmentally appropriate expectations.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationDubois‐Comtois, K., Cyr, C. P., Tarabulsy, G. M., St‐Laurent, D., Bernier, A., & Moss, E. (2017) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579417000189 · Cited by 25
“That a relatively short-term, structured, and intensive intervention procedure like the AVI and others (Bernard et al., 2015; Spieker et al., 2012) serves to positively influence maternal sensitivity provides a degree of hope for both caseworkers and the families they work with.”
Schoemaker, N. K., Juffer, F., Rippe, R. C. A., Vermeer, H. J., Stoltenborgh, M., Jagersma, G., Maras, A., & Alink, L. R. A. (2020) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.104779 · Cited by 31
“Effectiveness studies of PFR showed positive effects on parental sensitivity, parenting knowledge, and attachment security (Pasalich, Fleming, Oxford, Zheng, & Spieker, 2016; Spieker et al., 2012).”
BackgroundFASD-Informed Care and the Future of Intervention
Olson, H. C., Pruner, M., Byington, N., & Jirikowic, T. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-32386-7_13 · Cited by 22
Oxford, M. L., Hash, J. B., Lohr, M. J., Bleil, M. E., Fleming, C. B., Unützer, J., & Spieker, S. J. (2021) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0001219 · Cited by 22
Self-citationDickes, A., Kemmis-Riggs, J., & McAloon, J. (2017) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-017-0248-z · Cited by 23
Adapting an evidence-based parenting program for child welfare involved teens and their caregivers
Barkan, S. E., Salazar, A. M., Estep, K., Mattos, L. M., Eichenlaub, C., & Haggerty, K. P. (2014) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.03.006 · Cited by 27
Diaz, A., Swingler, M. M., Tan, L., Smith, C. L., Calkins, S. D., & Bell, M. A. (2019) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2019.03.002 · Cited by 20
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Self-citationOxford, M. L., Spieker, S. J., Lohr, M. J., Fleming, C. B., Dillon, C., & Rees, J. R. (2017) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-017-2387-8 · Cited by 17
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“Significant intervention-related gains in parent understanding of toddlers, child atypical affective communication, and especially parent sensitivity (Booth-LaForce et al., 2020; Oxford, Marcenko, et al., 2016; Oxford, Spieker, et al., 2016; Spieker et al., 2012), along with improved child stress physiology (Hastings…”
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“In two prior RCTs conducted in child welfare populations, caregivers who participated in PFR demonstrated an increase both in observed caregiver sensitivity and in their knowledge of child development (Oxford et al., 2016; Spieker et al., 2012).”
Self-citationAshley, W., & Brown, J. C. (2015) · Journal of Black Studies · doi:10.1177/0021934715590406 · Cited by 13
Wilke, F., Hachfeld, A., & Anders, Y. (2017) · Early Years Journal of International Research and Development · doi:10.1080/09575146.2017.1288089 · Cited by 13
“…the parents notice, reflect on and interpret the meaning of their child’s behavior and thereby help the parents acquire deeper understanding of their child’s needs and expectations, reorganize the meaning of challenging behavior and regulate potential interaction problems (Spieker et al. 2012).”
BackgroundTouati, C. D., Miljkovitch, R., Sirparanta, A., & Deborde, A.-S. (2021) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104886 · Cited by 16
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Self-citationKingsley, K. L., Sagester, G., & Weaver, L. L. (2020) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.2020.039768 · Cited by 13
“Another RCT examined a parent training intervention that included 60-min in-home weekly sessions over 10 wk; the only signi fi cant caregiver outcome was improved sensitivity, with a medium effect size (Spieker et al., 2012).”
Jessee, A., McElwain, N. L., & Booth‐LaForce, C. (2016) · Parenting · doi:10.1080/15295192.2016.1134988 · Cited by 11
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Self-citationHaggerty, K. P., Barkan, S. E., Skinner, M. L., Packard, W. B., & Cole, J. J. (2016) · Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research · doi:10.1086/686986 · Cited by 11
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“…the Promoting First Relationships home visiting program suggests that a home visiting model could be a feasible and effective way of reducing parent-perceived sleep problems among young children involved with CPS (Hash et al., 2019) and child welfare (Oxford et al., 2013; Spieker et al., 2012).”
BackgroundSelf-citationIntimate Partner Violence Across the Lifespan: Dyadic Theory and Risk and Protective Factors
Capaldi, D. M., Low, S. K., Tiberio, S. S., & Shortt, J. W. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-62122-7_151-1 · Cited by 10
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“HHYP includes several delivery methods that have robust empirical support in trials with families at risk of, or with a history of, maltreatment, including video-feedback [e.g., 41–43] and in-vivo coaching [e.g., 44–46].”
Oxford, M. L., Hash, J. B., Lohr, M. J., Fleming, C. B., Dow‐Smith, C., & Spieker, S. J. (2023) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.22050 · Cited by 8
Self-citationAttachment and Early Language Development: Implications for Early Intervention
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Parents' Perspectives on Early Relational Health: A Qualitative Study
Cordoba, D. J., Levin, E. R., Ramachandran, U., Lima, D., Shearman, N., Willis, D., Srinivasavaradan, D., & Jiménez, M. E. (2024) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/dbp.0000000000001301 · Cited by 5
“37 Past work has indicated that a parent-child relational framework could be a promising strategy to train residents in developmental assessment.”
Harden, B. J., Parra, L. J., & Duchene-Kelly, M. (2020) · Child maltreatment · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-54314-3_14 · Cited by 5
Intimate Partner Violence Across the Lifespan: Dyadic Theory and Risk and Protective Factors
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“Two trials were conducted with child welfare populations (Oxford et al., 2016; Spieker et al., 2012), two with rural Native communities (Booth-LaForce et al., 2020, 2022), and one with Spanish and English-speaking new mothers who had received prenatal mental health referrals from community health…”
Self-citationProgress in Developing Responsive Parenting Programs for Child Welfare–Involved Infants
Barth, R. P. (2012) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/1077559512466586 · Cited by 5
“Despite these concerns, the Spieker et al. (2012) research does provide promising evidence for changing parenting behavior.”
BackgroundInfluentialWeatherston, D. J., & Rosenblum, K. L. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-03110-7_14 · Cited by 5
Marcellus, L., MacKinnon, K., Gordon, C., & Shaw, L. (2021) · JBI Evidence Synthesis · doi:10.11124/jbies-20-00071 · Cited by 5
Hustedt, J. T., Hooper, A. L., Hallam, R. A., Vu, J. A.-T., Han, M., & Ziegler, M. L. (2022) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-022-01340-0 · Cited by 5
“Though prior randomized trials (Oxford et al., 2016; Spieker et al., 2012) show that PFR produces positive impacts in parenting, including increased sensitivity, we did not find direct effects of PFR on the outcomes examined in the current study.”
InfluentialChazan‐Cohen, R., Ende, A. V., & Lombardi, C. M. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1302687 · Cited by 5
Teculeasa, F., Golu, F., & Gorbănescu, A. (2023) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-023-00563-9 · Cited by 5
“…0.15 0.68 -0.37 .567 (Messer et al., 2018) -0.45 7.82 -8.50 .921 (Reddy et al, 2013) 0.31 0.77 -0.15 .193 (Smith et al, 2012) 0.58 1.29 -0.13 .112 (Spieker et al, 2012) 0 analyses using mixed-effects regression (methods of moment) revealed no statistically significant association between the…”
BackgroundInfluentialO’Leary, R., Oxford, M. L., Booth‐LaForce, C., London, S., & Buchwald, D. (2022) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-022-03533-z · Cited by 4
“, 2019), social attention and competence (Jones et al., 2017; Spieker et al., 2012), and normalizes stimulated cortisol (Nelson & Spieker, 2013), while decreasing the child’s affective communication errors (Oxford et al.”
Self-citationEdler, K., Behrens, B., Jacques, K. P., & Valentino, K. (2023) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579423000809 · Cited by 6
Psychosocial Consequences and Treatments for Maltreated Children
Fitzgerald, M. M., & Berliner, L. (2013) · Child maltreatment · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7208-3_20 · Cited by 4
Response to the Barth Commentary (2012)
Spieker, S. J., Oxford, M. L., Kelly, J. F., Nelson, E. M. M., & Fleming, C. B. (2012) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/1077559512467396 · Cited by 3
“By the time we completed the trial examined in Spieker et al. (2012), PFR developers had piloted and revised a distance learning training model, with mentorship via video conferencing, making wider dissemination to child welfare agencies more feasible and affordable.”
Self-citationTimmer, S. G., Hawk, B. N., Washington, A. M. L., & Urquiza, A. J. (2022) · Child maltreatment · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-82479-2_25 · Cited by 3
Hallam, R. A., Han, M., Vu, J. A.-T., & Hustedt, J. T. (2016) · Advances in early education and day care · doi:10.1108/s0270-402120160000020007 · Cited by 3
Booth‐LaForce, C., Oxford, M. L., O’Leary, R., Rees, J. R., Petras, A., & Buchwald, D. (2022) · Translational Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/tbm/ibac060 · Cited by 3
Self-citationThe Parent University Program: Factors Predicting Change in Responsive Parenting Behaviors
Liggett-Creel, K., Barth, R., Mayden, B., & Pitts, B. (2017) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.07.017 · Cited by 3
Childhood maltreatment and sleep
Hash, J. B., & Oxford, M. L. (2022) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101664 · Cited by 2
Self-citationHustedt, J. T. (2015) · Journal of Research in Childhood Education · doi:10.1080/02568543.2015.1040902 · Cited by 2
Women and Infants Affected by Incarceration: The Potential Value of Home Visiting Program Engagement
Lee, R. D., D’Angelo, D. V., & Burley, K. D. (2022) · Children of incarcerated parents · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-84713-5_1 · Cited by 2
Keys, E., Benzies, K., Kirk, V. G., & Duffett‐Leger, L. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00109 · Cited by 2
Alvarez, M. D. L. C., García, B. H., Flores, C. M. N., Vázquez, A. L., Lara, J., & Rodríguez, M. M. D. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818872-9.00030-3 · Cited by 4
Care practices and approaches with children experiencing attachment difficulties: A scoping review
Kaur, L., Gendron‐Cloutier, L., & Montreuil, M. (2023) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.107265 · Cited by 1
Home attachment-based interventions in child protection services: A systematic review
Bretesché, T., Toussaint, E., & Bacro, F. (2025) · European Review of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.erap.2025.101112 · Cited by 1
Swerbenski, H. G., & Russotti, J. M. (2025) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102691 · Cited by 3
Promoting Early Childhood Development in the Pediatric Medical Home
Duby, J. C. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-39059-8_6 · Cited by 1
Maltraitance et négligence de l’enfant : apport de la théorie de l’attachement
Guédeney, N. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-2-294-74519-5.00008-7 · Cited by 2
West, D. (2021) · VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) · doi:10.1177/03085759211055359 · Cited by 1
Working with Families of Children Who Have Experienced Maltreatment
Pasalich, D. S., & Palfrey, N. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108682053.019 · Cited by 1
Effectiveness of a video-feedback intervention to promote positive parenting for foster children
West, D., Stas, L., Holen, F. V., Gypen, L., & Vanderfaeillie, J. (2023) · Developmental Child Welfare · doi:10.1177/25161032231220922 · Cited by 2
“Nevertheless, there were no enduring post-intervention effects on attachment outcomes (Spieker, et al., 2012).”
BackgroundLessons from Training Early Head Start Staff to Implement an Evidence-Based Parenting Intervention
Han, M., Hallam, R. A., Hustedt, J. T., Vu, J. A.-T., & Gaviria-Loaiza, J. (2016) · Dialogues in Social Justice: An Adult Education Journal (The University of North Carolina at Charlotte) · doi:10.55370/hsdialog.v19i3.455 · Cited by 1
Maltraitance et négligence de l’enfant : apport de la théorie de l’attachement
Guédeney, N. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-2-294-77630-4.00008-9 · Cited by 1
I like you, do you like me? How gender, context, and aggression predict liking.
Marian, M., da Cunha, J. M., & Santo, J. B. (2019) · Psicologia Argumento · doi:10.7213/psicolargum.36.93.ao07
“Peer rejection is tied to peer victimization and can lead to maladjustment, poor grades, and other developmental issues (Crick et al., 2006; Lansford et al., 2010; Preddy & Fite, 2012; Spieker et al., 2012).”
BackgroundPsychosocial Treatments: Psychotherapy, Behavioral, and Cultural Interventions
Trujillo, M. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-15401-0_11
Crittenden, P. M., Farnfield, S., Spieker, S. J., Landini, A., Oxford, M. L., Robson, K., Karlsen, S., Johnson, H., Ellis, V., & Ash, Z. (2024) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.1005127
Self-citationHash, J. B., Oxford, M. L., Nelson, D. C., Lohr, M. J., Fleming, C. B., de Castro, A. B., & Spieker, S. J. (2025) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-024-03003-w
“…PFR improved at least one child regulatory outcome including sleep (Hash et al., 2019; Oxford et al., 2013; Spieker et al., 2012), social-emotional competence (Spieker et al., 2012), stress physiology (Hastings et al., 2018; Nelson & Spieker, 2013), and externalizing behavior (Oxford et al., 2021).”
InfluentialSelf-citationGilbert, D. J., Price, A. D., Cook, P. A., & Mukherjee, R. (2025) · Children · doi:10.3390/children12091133
“Interventions are available to address insecure attachment in typically developing individuals, such as, for example, the Attachment and Biobehavioural Catch-Up intervention, Child–Parent Psychotherapy, and Promoting First Relationships (PFR) [47–50].”
Child life specialists in foster care: A case for child life in a nontraditional setting
Meyer, L. (n.d.) · ProQuest Demo Repository
Metadata
- Authors
- Spieker, S. J., Oxford, M. L., Kelly, J. F., Nelson, E. M., & Fleming, C. B.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Venue
- Child Maltreatment
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2012-09-04
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 271-286
- ISSN
- 1077-5595 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-6119
- PMC
- PMC3552521
- OpenAlex
- W2038885525
- Cited by
- 104
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 10.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Child Maltreatment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH077329)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P30HD02274, P30HD002274)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Child Welfare and Adoption
- Social Sciences › Education › Early Childhood Education and Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- parenting support, caregiver sensitivity, placement disruption, child welfare, child competence, social-emotional needs, family reunification
- MeSH terms
- Child Behavior, Child Health Services, Child Welfare, Child, Preschool, Female, Health Promotion, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Object Attachment, Parent-Child Relations, Parenting, Caregivers
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