The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year; 64 of the 66 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Promoting First Relationships: Randomized Trial of a Relationship-Based Intervention for Toddlers in Child Welfare
Open accessAbstract
We conducted a community-based, randomized control trial with intent-to-treat analyses of Promoting First Relationships (PFR) to improve parenting and toddler outcomes for toddlers in state dependency. Toddlers (10–24 months; N = 210) with a recent placement disruption were randomized to 10-week PFR or a comparison condition. Community agency providers were trained to use PFR in the intervention for caregivers. From baseline to postintervention, observational ratings of caregiver sensitivity improved more in the PFR condition than in the comparison condition, with an effect size for the difference in adjusted means postintervention of d = .41. Caregiver understanding of toddlers’ social emotional needs and caregiver reports of child competence also differed by intervention condition postintervention ( d = .36 and d = .42) with caregivers in the PFR condition reporting more understanding of toddlers and child competence. Models of PFR effects on within-individual change were significant for caregiver sensitivity and understanding of toddlers. At the 6-month follow-up, only 61% of original sample dyads were still intact and there were no significant differences on caregiver or child outcomes.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Although successful in improving sensitivity, postintervention and 6-month follow up revealed no changes in attachment security.”
From Relational Interventions for Maltreated Children (2017) · cites this paper as Spieker et al., 2012
In the citing paper
“demonstrated that caregivers in the PFR condition had greater improvements in sensitivity (d = .41) and understanding of children’s emotional needs (d = .36) postintervention than did those in the educational comparison condition (Spieker et al., 2012).”
From Relational Interventions for Maltreated Children (2017) · cites this paper as Spieker et al., 2012
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods.
Longford, N. T., Bryk, A. S., & Raudenbush, S. W. (1993) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2075823 · Cited by 18,773 · cited 2×
“The HLM models used data on all participants who had data from at least one time point, with the assumption of data being missing at random after adjusting for model covariates (Raudenbush & Bryk, 2002).”
Method(1969) · Cited by 18,340
Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods
Davidian, M. (2003) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1198/jasa.2003.s288 · Cited by 13,820
(1978) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 12,570
Attachment and Loss. Vol. 1. Attachment
Rever, G. W. (1972) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-197211000-00011 · Cited by 8,446
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
(2007) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781412952644.n48 · Cited by 4,242 · cited 1×
“…data collectors used 1–5 scales to rate the child’s behavior during administration of the Bayley-III Screening Test (Bayley, 2005) on 7 of 10 items from the Emotional Regulation factor and 6 of 9 items from the Orientation/Engagement factor from the Bayley Behavior Rating Scales (BRS; Bayley 1993).”
MethodSensitivity and attachment: A meta-analysis on parental antecedents of infant attachment
De Wolff, M. S., & van Ijzendoorn, M. H. (1997) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1997.tb04218.x · Cited by 2,526
Less is more: meta-analyses of sensitivity and attachment interventions in early childhood
Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Juffer, F. (2003) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.2.195 · Cited by 1,883
Disorganized attachment in early childhood: Meta-analysis of precursors, concomitants, and sequelae
VAN IJZENDOORN, M. H., SCHUENGEL, C., & BAKERMANS–KRANENBURG, M. J. (1999) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579499002035 · Cited by 1,625
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Lennon, E. M., Gardner, J. M., Karmel, B. Z., & Flory, M. J. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809324-5.23376-2 · Cited by 1,325
CATTELL, J. M. (1923) · The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science · doi:10.1177/000271622311000117 · Cited by 911
Cyr, C., Euser, E. M., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Van Ijzendoorn, M. H. (2010) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579409990289 · Cited by 910
Newton, R. R., Litrownik, A. J., & Landsverk, J. A. (2000) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(00)00189-7 · Cited by 810
Meins, E., Fernyhough, C., Fradley, E., & Tuckey, M. R. (2001) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00759 · Cited by 799
Van Breukelen, G. J. P. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.02.007 · Cited by 765 · cited 1×
“This approach gives an unbiased assessment of treatment effects in a randomized design (Van Breukelen, 2006).”
MethodLyons-Ruth, K., Bronfman, E., & Parsons, E. (2003) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.1111/1540-5834.00034 · Cited by 581
The Impact of Placement Stability on Behavioral Well-being for Children in Foster Care
Rubin, D. M., O'Reilly, A. L. R., Luan, X., & Localio, A. R. (2007) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2006-1995 · Cited by 577
Kelly, K., Slade, A., & Grienenberger, J. F. (2005) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616730500245963 · Cited by 553
van IJzendoorn, M. H., Vereijken, C. M. J. L., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., & Riksen‐Walraven, J. M. (2004) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00733.x · Cited by 532 · cited 2×
“Our measure of child attachment security, the TAS45, has promising features associated with another gold standard (according to van IJzendoorn et al., 2004), AQS (Waters, 1987).”
MethodChild Behavior Checklist for Ages 6-18
Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (2001) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t47452-000 · Cited by 452
Enhancing Attachment Organization Among Maltreated Children: Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial
Bernard, K., Dozier, M., Bick, J., Lewis-Morrarty, E., Lindhiem, O., & Carlson, E. (2012) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01712.x · Cited by 430 · cited 1×
“Other intervention studies with child welfare populations (Bernard et al., 2012; Dozier et al., 2009; Fisher & Kim, 2007; Moss et al., 2011) have shown intervention effects on child attachment security using the gold standard brief separation and reunion procedure, the Strange Situation (Ainsworth,…”
MethodPromoting Positive Parenting : An Attachment-Based Intervention
Juffer, F., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2012) · Cited by 402
van IJzendoorn, M. H., Goldberg, S., Kroonenberg, P. M., & Frenkel, O. J. (1992) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb01665.x · Cited by 394
Moss, E., Dubois-Comtois, K., Cyr, C., Tarabulsy, G. M., St-Laurent, D., & Bernier, A. (2011) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579410000738 · Cited by 372 · cited 2×
“Other intervention studies with child welfare populations (Bernard et al., 2012; Dozier et al., 2009; Fisher & Kim, 2007; Moss et al., 2011) have shown intervention effects on child attachment security using the gold standard brief separation and reunion procedure, the Strange Situation (Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, & W…”
MethodBayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development
Grymes, J. M. (2016) · The SAGE Encyclopedia of Contemporary Early Childhood Education · doi:10.4135/9781483340333.n34 · Cited by 364
The role of infant-caregiver attachment in development
Sroufe, L. A. (1988) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 281
Developmental and Behavioral Needs and Service Use for Young Children in Child Welfare
Stahmer, A. C., Leslie, L. K., Hurlburt, M. S., Barth, R. P., Webb, M. B., Landsverk, J. A., & Zhang, J. (2005) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2004-2135 · Cited by 272 · cited 1×
“The need to address the unique developmental vulnerability and primary attachment relationship needs of infants and toddlers in child welfare has been an increasing focus in recent years (Jones Harden, 2007; Stahmer et al., 2005; Zeanah et al., 2011).”
BackgroundPlacement Stability and Mental Health Costs for Children in Foster Care
Rubin, D. M., Alessandrini, E. A., Feudtner, C., Mandell, D. S., Localio, A. R., & Hadley, T. R. (2004) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.113.5.1336 · Cited by 258 · cited 1×
“…in their birth family that led to child welfare involvement may be compounded by sequential separation from one or more attachment figures during this critical period of rapid physiological, neurological, and developmental maturation (Rubin et al., 2004; Rubin, O’Reilly, Luan, & Localio, 2007).”
BackgroundStovall-McClough, K. C., & Dozier, M. (2004) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579404044505 · Cited by 234 · cited 4×
“However, caregiver sensitivity and understanding of the meaning of the child’s behavior is associated with child attachment security, even for older toddlers and preschoolers in foster care (Stovall-McClough & Dozier, 2004).”
BackgroundInfluentialDisorganized infant attachment and preventive interventions: A review and meta-analysis
Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Juffer, F. (2005) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.20046 · Cited by 233
Chaffin, M., Hanson, R., Saunders, B. E., Nichols, T., Barnett, D., Zeanah, C., Berliner, L., Egeland, B., Newman, E., Lyon, T., et al. (2006) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/1077559505283699 · Cited by 229
Dozier, M., Lindhiem, O. J., Lewis‐Morrarty, E., Bick, J. R., Bernard, K., & Peloso, E. D. (2009) · Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10560-009-0165-1 · Cited by 224
Slade, A., Sadler, L. S., Dios-Kenn, C. D., Webb, D., Currier-Ezepchick, J., & Mayes, L. C. (2005) · The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child · doi:10.1080/00797308.2005.11800747 · Cited by 221 · cited 1×
“In conjunction with video feedback, PFR uses reflective practice principals (Slade et al., 2005; Suchman et al., 2010) to focus on the deeper emotional feelings and needs underlying difficulties in the parent and child relationship and to help caregivers think about their child’s developing mind.”
BackgroundSuchman, N. E., DeCoste, C., Castiglioni, N., McMahon, T. J., Rounsaville, B., & Mayes, L. (2010) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2010.501983 · Cited by 218 · cited 1×
“In conjunction with video feedback, PFR uses reflective practice principals (Slade et al., 2005; Suchman et al., 2010) to focus on the deeper emotional feelings and needs underlying difficulties in the parent and child relationship and to help caregivers think about their child’s developing mind.”
BackgroundPutnam‐Hornstein, E., & Needell, B. (2011) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.04.006 · Cited by 212 · cited 1×
“Infants who enter foster care as newborns have elevated rates of low birth weight, birth abnormalities, lack of prenatal care, and exposure to drugs, alcohol, and other teratogens (Klee, Kronstadt, & Zlotnick, 1997; Putnam-Hornstein & Needell, 2011).”
BackgroundDeGangi, G. A., Breinbauer, C., Roosevelt, J. D., Porges, S. W., & Greenspan, S. I. (2000) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/1097-0355(200007)21:3 · Cited by 189
van IJzendoorn, M. H., Goldberg, S., Kroonenberg, P. M., & Frenkel, O. J. (1992) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1131237 · Cited by 170
Reid, G. J., Hong, R. Y. S., & Wade, T. J. (2009) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2008.00692.x · Cited by 160
Intervention Effects on Foster Preschoolers’ Attachment-Related Behaviors From a Randomized Trial
Fisher, P. A., & Kim, H. K. (2007) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-007-0066-5 · Cited by 152
(2004) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/0893-3200.18.4.628 · Cited by 151
Raikes, H., & Thompson, R. A. (2008) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616730802113620 · Cited by 148
Intervening with foster infants' caregivers: Targeting three critical needs
Dozier, M., Higley, E., Albus, K. E., & Nutter, A. (2002) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.10032 · Cited by 143 · cited 2×
“For this study, PFR also addressed the fact that infants and toddlers in child welfare tend to give behavioral signals that lead even nurturing caregivers to provide nonnurturing care (Dozier et al., 2002).”
BackgroundAtypical Attachment in Infancy and Early Childhood Among Children at Developmental Risk
Vondra, J. I., Barnett, D., & Pipp‐Siegel, S. (2000) · Cited by 130
This Is My Child: Differences Among Foster Parents in Commitment to Their Young Children
Dozier, M., & Lindhiem, O. J. (2006) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/1077559506291263 · Cited by 129 · cited 1×
“Commitment to child was rated from caregivers’ answers to interview questions from This Is My Baby (TIMB; Bates, 1998; Dozier & Lindhiem, 2006).”
BackgroundPutnam‐Hornstein, E., & Needell, B. (2011) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.07.010 · Cited by 106
Moran, G., Forbes, L. M., Evans, E. M., Tarabulsy, G. M., & Madigan, S. L. (2008) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2007.12.012 · Cited by 102
Foster care's youngest: A preliminary report.
Klee, L., Kronstadt, D., & Zlotnick, C. (1997) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/h0080232 · Cited by 99
Attachment in foster children associated with caregivers' sensitivity and behavioral problems
Oosterman, M., & Schuengel, C. (2008) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.20198 · Cited by 88 · cited 1×
“Oosterman and Schuengel (2008) found an association between foster parent sensitivity and foster children’s attachment security only when controlling for symptoms of inhibited and disinhibited attachment disorder; the bivariate association between sensitivity and attachment security, r ¼ .18, was…”
BackgroundKelly, J. F., Zuckerman, T. G., & Rosenblatt, S. (2008) · Infants & Young Children · doi:10.1097/01.iyc.0000336541.37379.0e · Cited by 84 · cited 1×
“PFR has been training ECI providers from a variety of disciplines in this skill set for many years (Kelly et al., 2008), but given the absence of intervention effects on children’s socioemotional and regulatory problems, further research on PFR with this population is needed.”
BackgroundSelf-citationLieberman, A. F. (2003) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616730310001596133 · Cited by 81 · cited 2×
“Lieberman (2003) studied adoptive parents who had concerns about their children’s ability to attach to them.”
BackgroundPreschool language development among children of adolescent mothers
Oxford, M. L., & Spieker, S. J. (2006) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2005.12.013 · Cited by 74 · cited 1×
“An extensive literature supports its predictive validity of cognitive and social emotional outcomes (Oxford & Spieker, 2006) and sensitivity to intervention effects (Bakermans-Kranenburg et al., 2003).”
BackgroundSelf-citationFoster Care for Young Children: Why It Must Be Developmentally Informed
Zeanah, C. H., Shauffer, C. B., & Dozier, M. G. (2011) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2011.08.001 · Cited by 68 · cited 2×
“In a recent plea for developmentally informed foster care for maltreated infants and young children, Zeanah, Shauffer, and Dozier (2011) emphasized that attachment must be of paramount consideration in child welfare planning, decision making, and training of foster care providers and parents.”
BackgroundSleep Disruption in Young Foster Children
Tininenko, J. R., Fisher, P. A., Bruce, J., & Pears, K. C. (2010) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-010-0177-2 · Cited by 49
An alternative approach for the analyses and interpretation of attachment sort items
Kirkland, J., BIMLER, D. L., Drawneek, A., McKim, M. K., & Schölmerich, A. (2004) · Early Child Development and Care · doi:10.1080/0300443042000187185 · Cited by 37
Training Personnel to Promote Quality Parent-Child Interaction in Families Who Are Homeless
Kelly, J. F., Buehlman, K. T., & Caldwell, K. (2000) · Topics in Early Childhood Special Education · doi:10.1177/027112140002000306 · Cited by 37
Self-citationAndreassen, C., & Fletcher, P. (2007) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e661962007-001 · Cited by 29
Foster Parents' Understanding of Children's Problematic Attachment Strategies
Tyrrell, C. L., & Dozier, M. (1999) · Adoption Quarterly · doi:10.1300/j145v02n04_04 · Cited by 27 · cited 1×
“Foster mothers more frequently report that their children are difficult to calm or soothe than mothers of children who have never been in care (Tyrrell & Dozier, 1999).”
BackgroundFamilies Matter—Even for Kids in Child Care
Dworkin, P. H. (2003) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/00004703-200302000-00011 · Cited by 24
Relationship-based Systems Change
Gilkerson, L., & Kopel, C. C. (2005) · Infants & Young Children · doi:10.1097/00001163-200510000-00010 · Cited by 24 · cited 2×
“Reflective consultation is a core tenet of infant mental (Gilkerson & Kopel, 2005) and, based on comments the PFR providers made to the PFR trainer who facilitated the weekly meetings, one reason why they stayed with the project.”
BackgroundMethodChapter VII. Atypical Patterns of Early Attachment: Discussion and Future Directions
Barnett, D., Butler, C. M., & Vondra, J. I. (1999) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.1111/1540-5834.00038 · Cited by 21
Infants/toddlers in child welfare: What have we learned and where do we go from here?
Harden, B. J., & Klein, S. M. (2011) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.04.021 · Cited by 16
Bates, B. C. (1998) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t00340-000 · Cited by 9
Early childhood interventionists' perspectives on serving maltreated infants and toddlers
Herman-Smith, R. L. (2011) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.04.013 · Cited by 6
Schore, A. N. (2001) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/1097-0355(200101/04)22:1
Research works printed but not linked: 11
- Abidin R. A., 1995, Parenting Stress Index: Short Form (PSI-SF)
- Achenbach T., 2000, Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1 1/2–5
- Barnard K. E. (1994). What the teaching scale measures. In Sumner G. S., Spietz A. (Eds.), NCAST: Caregiver/parent–child interaction teaching manual. Seattle: University of Washington, NCAST Publications. Retrieved from http://www.ncast.org/index.cfm?category=2
- Bimler D., 2004, The ABC(D) of the TAS45 (Toddler Attachment Set - 45): A lay figure's guide to analysis and interpretation of TAS45 data
- Briggs-Gowan M., 2002, Brief infant-toddler social and emotional assessment (BITSEA) manual, version 2.0
- Dozier M., 2003, Attachment and biobehavioral catch-up (ABC)
- Jones Harden B., 2007, Infants in the child welfare system: A developmental perspective on policy and practice
- Kelly J. F., 2007, Final report: A relationship-focused approach to family stabilization
- Kelly J. F., 2008, Raising a baby
- Kelly J. F., Sandoval D., Zuckerman T. G., Buehlman K. (2008). Promoting first relationships: A program for service providers to help parents and other caregivers nurture young children’s social and emotional development (2nd ed.). Seattle, WA: NCAST Programs. Retrieved from http://www.ncast.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=category.display&category_id=2I
- Sroufe L. A., 1988, Clinical implications of attachment child psychology, 18
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Jeong, J., Franchett, E. E., Ramos de Oliveira, C. V., Rehmani, K., & Yousafzai, A. K. (2021) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003602 · Cited by 903
Relational interventions for child maltreatment: Past, present and future perspectives
Toth, S. L., Gravener-Davis, J. A., Guild, D. J., & Cicchetti, D. (2013) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579413000795 · Cited by 124
“…ABC intervention, PFR addresses the concern that children who have had multiple caregivers due to their involvement in the child welfare system may give confusing signals, preventing the child from eliciting the nurturing response that they are seeking from their caregiver (Spieker et al., 2012).”
A meta-analytic review of parenting interventions in foster care and adoption
Schoemaker, N. K., Wentholt, W. G. M., Goemans, A., Vermeer, H. J., Juffer, F., & Alink, L. R. A. (2019) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579419000798 · Cited by 113
“Of the 19 studies with a follow-up measurement, only 1 study reported results on attachment security (Spieker et al., 2012; 6 months after the postintervention measurement), and no studies reported results on diurnal cortisol levels, whichmade it impossible to investigate the long-term follow-up…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMacdonald, G. M., Livingstone, N., Hanratty, J., McCartan, C. J., Cotmore, R., Cary, M., Glaser, D., Byford, S., Welton, N. J., Bosqui, T. J., et al. (2016) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta20690 · Cited by 90
“Spieker et al.(131) used the Toddler Attachment Sort-45,(350) a modified version of the Attachment Q-sort(698) to assess children’s attachment security, and Becker-Weidman(134,135) used the Randolph Attachment Disorder Questionnaire.”
InfluentialEvidence-Based Parenting Interventions to Promote Secure Attachment
Wright, B., & Edginton, E. (2016) · Global Pediatric Health · doi:10.1177/2333794x16661888 · Cited by 72
Metadata
- Authors
- Spieker, S. J., Oxford, M. L., Kelly, J. F., Nelson, E. M., & Fleming, C. B.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Venue
- Child Maltreatment
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2012-09-04
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 271-286
- ISSN
- 1077-5595 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-6119
- PMC
- PMC3552521
- OpenAlex
- W2038885525
- Cited by
- 104
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 10.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Child Maltreatment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH077329)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P30HD02274, P30HD002274)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Child Welfare and Adoption
- Social Sciences › Education › Early Childhood Education and Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- parenting support, caregiver sensitivity, placement disruption, child welfare, child competence, social-emotional needs, family reunification
- MeSH terms
- Child Behavior, Child Health Services, Child Welfare, Child, Preschool, Female, Health Promotion, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Object Attachment, Parent-Child Relations, Parenting, Caregivers
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
