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The Process of Ending Abuse in Intimate Relationships: A Qualitative Exploration of the Transtheoretical Model
Abstract
This article explores the suggestion that the transtheoretical model of behavior change is a promising conceptual framework for understanding how women end abuse in their intimate relationships. In-depth interviews were conducted with 78 women who were either currently in or had recently left abusive relationships. Women talked about the following five stages of behavior change: (a) nonrecognition (precontemplation), (b) acknowledgment (contemplation), (c) consideration of options (preparation), (d) selection of actions (action), and (e) use of safety strategies to remain free from abuse (maintenance). These results suggest that the model is consistent with how women describe surviving their abusive situations, and they have implications for both research and practice.
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In the citing paper
“The model describes a series of changes from pre-contemplation through contemplation and preparation leading to action and finally maintenance of safety.”
From Help‐seeking amongst women survivors of domestic violence: a qualitative study of pathways towards formal and informal support (2016) · cites this paper as [28]
In the citing paper
“For instance, Burke et al. (2001) interviewed 78 women who were in or had recently left abusive relationships, and identi fi ed a trajectory from nonrecognition to acknowledgement, exploration of options, active steps towards change and engagement with safety strategies.”
From ‘Reconnecting With All the Things That You Lost Because of Control’: What Helps Women in the Process of Leaving a Psychologically Abusive Intimate Partner? (2026) · cites this paper as Burke et al. (2001)
In the citing paper
“A woman's recognition or acknowledgement of abuse is seen as a crucial stage in her journey away from abuse.”
From Help‐seeking amongst women survivors of domestic violence: a qualitative study of pathways towards formal and informal support (2016) · cites this paper as [28]
In the citing paper
“Only then can she contemplate what action to take.”
From Help‐seeking amongst women survivors of domestic violence: a qualitative study of pathways towards formal and informal support (2016) · cites this paper as [28]
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Metadata
- Authors
- BURKE, J. G., GIELEN, A. C., McDONNELL, K. A., O'CAMPO, P., & MAMAN, S.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Venue
- Violence Against Women
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2001-10
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1144-1163
- ISSN
- 1077-8012 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-8448
- OpenAlex
- W2138127643
- Cited by
- 129
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 3.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Violence Against Women (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies
- Keywords
- intimate partner violence, leaving abusive relationships, transtheoretical model, stages of change, women survivors, precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, safety strategies, behavior change
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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