The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Gender violence as a water, sanitation, and hygiene risk: Uncovering violence against women and girls as it pertains to poor WaSH access.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to better understand the gender violence risks that exist in communities where poor water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) access is a known problem. Focus groups and key informant interviews were used to capture the lived experiences of community and health care practitioners from Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, and Kenya. This article provides lived narratives of the various cultural and environmental conditions leading to assaults directly attributable to inadequate WaSH. The results shed light on the complex intersections between water access and violence and have significant implications for achieving gender equity and universal access to WaSH.
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In the citing paper
“In Uganda, outside of refugee contexts, water insecurity has been associated with increased risk of emotional distress (Mushavi et al. 2020), sexual violence (Pommells et al. 2018), and missed educational opportunities (Cooper-Vince et al. 2017).”
From Water insecurity and sexual and gender-based violence among refugee youth: qualitative insights from a humanitarian setting in Uganda (2022) · cites this paper as Pommells et al. 2018
In the citing paper
“Inadequate water provision and collection behaviors were reported to influence intimate partner violence [26,75,101,108,111,153,165,179,198,231,260,264,266].Women reported violence from husbands if they did not provide water for bathing needs (Kenya, [198] Ethiopia, [108] Vietnam, [111] Cameroon [231]), did not have water in the home (East Africa [179]), went to cleaner water sources considered”
From Water, sanitation, and women’s empowerment: A systematic review and qualitative metasynthesis (2022) · cites this paper as [179]
In the citing paper
“Related to water, walking long distances and collecting from certain sources reportedly exposed women and girls to sexual violence, [76,153,179,231,258,259] particularly as men studied women's patterns [179].”
From Water, sanitation, and women’s empowerment: A systematic review and qualitative metasynthesis (2022) · cites this paper as [179]
In the citing paper
“Fears or experiences of harm from domestic and wild animals and insects were reported for both water collection and sanitation activities [62, 135, 143, 170, 172-174, 177-179, 184, 187, 189-191, 198, 201, 214, 226, 229, 257, 258, 296].Women and girls reported fear and actual experiences of injury at and when accessing sanitation locations, regardless of sanitation type [135, 168, 172, 174, 184, 18”
From Water, sanitation, and women’s empowerment: A systematic review and qualitative metasynthesis (2022) · cites this paper as [179]
In the citing paper
“Providing sufficient water for the household was described as important to being a good wife; failure to do so has resulted in shame and violence [153,179,273].”
From Water, sanitation, and women’s empowerment: A systematic review and qualitative metasynthesis (2022) · cites this paper as [179]
In the citing paper
“Providing sufficient water for the household was described as important to being a good wife; failure to do so has resulted in shame and violence [153,179,273].”
From Water, sanitation, and women’s empowerment: A systematic review and qualitative metasynthesis (2022) · cites this paper as [179]
In the citing paper
“Water collection sites could be places of tension and danger, including sexual exploitation, for women and girls in Zimbabwe [123] and Uganda [165,179].”
From Water, sanitation, and women’s empowerment: A systematic review and qualitative metasynthesis (2022) · cites this paper as [179]
Citations
Cites
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Self-citationWaSH as a maternal health issue: three perspectives from rural Uganda
Schuster‐Wallace, C. J., Watt, S., Mulawa, Z., & Pommells, M. (2018) · Development in Practice · doi:10.1080/09614524.2018.1533527 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Deen T. (2012, August). Women spend 40 billion hours collecting water. Inter Press Service. Retrieved from http://www.ipsnews.net/2012/08/women-spend-40-billion-hours-collecting-water/
- Schuster-Wallace C. J., 2016, The Solutions Journal, 7, 15
- Schuster-Wallace C. J., 2015, WaSH: Integrated social empowerment toolkit for community WaSH and wellbeing—W:ISE toolkit handbook
- Schuster-Wallace C. J., 2015, Women’s health in the majority world, 131
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Wutich, A., Brewis, A., & Tsai, A. C. (2020) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Water · doi:10.1002/wat2.1461 · Cited by 201
Water insecurity and gender‐based violence: A global review of the evidence
Tallman, P. S., Collins, S. M., Salmón-Mulanovich, G., Rusyidi, B., Kothadia, A., & Cole, S. (2022) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Water · doi:10.1002/wat2.1619 · Cited by 131
The impacts of armed conflict on human development: A review of the literature
Vesco, P., Baliki, G., Brück, T., Döring, S., Eriksson, A., Fjelde, H., Guha‐Sapir, D., Hall, J., Knutsen, C. H., Leis, M., et al. (2024) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106806 · Cited by 145
Water, sanitation, and women’s empowerment: A systematic review and qualitative metasynthesis
Caruso, B. A., Conrad, A., Patrick, M., Owens, A., Kviten, K., Zarella, O., Rogers, H., & Sinharoy, S. S. (2022) · PLOS Water · doi:10.1371/journal.pwat.0000026 · Cited by 94
Nunbogu, A. M., & Elliott, S. J. (2022) · Water Security · doi:10.1016/j.wasec.2022.100113 · Cited by 59
Metadata
- Authors
- Pommells, M., Schuster-Wallace, C., Watt, S., & Mulawa, Z.
- Affiliations
- Aga Khan Foundation (CA)
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment, and Health (CA)
- Uganda Christian University (UG)
- Corresponding author
- Pommells, Morgan
- Venue
- Violence Against Women
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2018-03-16
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 1851-1862
- ISSN
- 1077-8012 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-8448
- OpenAlex
- W2792621356
- Cited by
- 124
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 7
- FWCI
- 7.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Violence Against Women (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender, Security, and Conflict
- Keywords
- gender-based violence, violence against women and girls, water, sanitation and hygiene, WASH access, intimate partner violence, water access, lived experience, gender equity, healthcare workers
- MeSH terms
- Gender-Based Violence, Adult, Female, Humans, Hygiene, Kenya, Male, Rural Population, Rwanda, Sanitation, Tanzania, Uganda, Water Supply, Focus Groups, Vulnerable Populations
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