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Cited by 66Intimate Partner and Family ViolenceChild Abuse and TraumaElder Abuse and Neglect

Gender Differences in Intimate Partner Violence: A Predictive Analysis of IPV by Child Abuse and Domestic Violence Exposure During Early Childhood

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Jung, Hyunzee, Herrenkohl, Todd I., Skinner, Martie L., Lee, Jungeun Olivia, Klika, J. Bart, Rousson, Ashley N.·2019·Violence Against Women
DOI 10.1177/1077801218796329PMC PMC6395526
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Abstract

This study focused on gender differences in the prediction of adult intimate partner violence (IPV) by subtypes of child abuse and children’s exposure to IPV. Latent classes of adult IPV consisted of a no violence (20.3%), a psychological violence only (46.2%), a psychological and sexual violence (9.2%), a multitype violence and intimidation (6.8%), and a psychological and physical violence with low intimidation class (17.5%). Physical–emotional child abuse and domestic violence exposure predicted a higher likelihood of multitype violence for males. Sexual abuse predicted a higher likelihood of this same class for females. Implications for future research and prevention are discussed.

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Crossref · 10.1177/1077801218796329

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  • Three studies did not find significant statistical evidence to support the gender-specific hypothesis.

    “Three studies, however, did not find significant statistical evidence to support the gender-specific hypothesis (Jung et al., 2019; Kwong et al., 2003; Menard et al., 2014).”

    From Theoretical Analysis of the Cycle of Intimate Partner Violence: A Systematic Review (2025) · cites this paper as Jung et al., 2019

    The Results (Effects of Early Violence Experiences on Adult IPV; page unavailable) report statistically significant gender interactions for physical-emotional child abuse, sexual abuse, and childhood exposure to IPV in predicting later IPV classes. Although the Discussion reports no gender differences in the makeup of the IPV classes or their prediction by gender alone, the study did find statistical evidence for gender-specific effects of childhood experiences. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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  • For women, the only strong predictor of adult intimate partner violence was childhood sexual abuse.

    “For women, however, the only strong predictor of adult intimate partner violence was if they had experienced sexual abuse in childhood.”

    From The Intergenerational Transmission of Emotional Intimate Partner Violence: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2025) · cites this paper as Jung et al., 2019

    The Results section reports that childhood sexual abuse predicted adult IPV for women, and the Discussion describes it as a stronger predictor for women. But the Results also report that childhood physical-emotional abuse predicted a particular IPV class comparison for women, so sexual abuse was not the only predictor identified. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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  • Men exposed to earlier forms of physical and emotional violence were 25 per cent more likely than women to experience adult IPV.

    “They found that men exposed to earlier forms of physical and emotional violence were 25 per cent more likely than women to experience adult IPV.”

    From The Intergenerational Transmission of Emotional Intimate Partner Violence: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2025) · cites this paper as Jung et al., 2019

    The Results section (page not provided) reports that childhood physical-emotional abuse was more strongly associated with multi-type violence and intimidation, relative to psychological violence only, for males than for females. It reports β = .25, not a 25% greater likelihood of experiencing adult IPV overall. (LLM, conf=0.90)

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  • Emotional abuse is a central component of intimate partner violence (IPV), encompassing verbal aggression, humiliation, ridicule, coercive control, social isolation, and symbolic intimidation.

    “Emotional abuse is widely recognized within psychological literature as a central component of intimate partner violence (IPV), encompassing behaviors such as verbal aggression, humiliation, ridicule, coercive control, social isolation, and symbolic intimidation, including threats to valued relationships or property (Karakurt and Silver, 2013; Jung et al., 2019).”

    From From use to abuse: psychological, neurobiological, and spiritual pathways in relational harm and recovery (2026) · cites this paper as Jung et al., 2019

    The Methods (Variables; page not provided) treats psychological aggression as a form of IPV and separately measures intimidation and control, supporting the broad point that IPV includes nonphysical abuse. It does not establish that emotional abuse is a central component or describe the full list of behaviors attributed to it, including ridicule, social isolation, and threats to relationships or property. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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Cites

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Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. Akers RL (1985). Deviant behavior: A social learning approach (3rd ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
  2. Bandura A (1977). Aggression: A social learning analysis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  3. Finkelhor D, Turner H, Hamby S, & Ormrod R (2011). Polyvictimization: Children’s exposure to multiple types of violence, crime, and abuse. OJJDP Juvenile Justice Bulletin, 10.
  4. Herrenkohl RC, Herrenkohl EC, Egolf BP, & Wu P (1991). The developmental consequences of child abuse: The Lehigh Longitudinal Study In Starr RHJ, & Wolfe DA (Eds.), The effects of child abuse and neglect: Issues and research (pp. 57– 81). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.

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Authors
Jung, H., Herrenkohl, T. I., Skinner, M. L., Lee, J. O., Klika, J. B., & Rousson, A. N.
Affiliations
  • University of Washington (US)
  • University of Southern California (US)
  • Prevent Child Abuse America (US)
Corresponding author
Jung, Hyunzee
ORCID
Venue
Violence Against Women
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2018-08-30
Volume
25
Issue
8
Pages
903-924
ISSN
  • 1077-8012 (ISSN-L)
  • 1552-8448
DOI
10.1177/1077801218796329
PMC
PMC6395526
OpenAlex
W2889545763
Cited by
66
References
41
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 4 · 2015: 1
FWCI
0.75
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations
  • Violence Against Women (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute of Justice (2012-IJ-CX-0023)
  • National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (RO1 HD049767)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
  • Social Sciences › Demography › Elder Abuse and Neglect
Keywords
intimate partner violence, gender differences, child abuse, domestic violence exposure, early childhood, psychological violence, sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional abuse, latent class analysis, intimidation, IPV prevention
MeSH terms
Intimate Partner Violence, Exposure to Violence, Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Racial Groups, Adult Survivors of Child Abuse

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