Training Attention-Switching Ability in Adults With ADHD
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Children with ADHD show attention-switching impairment. The present study assessed attention-switching ability in adults with ADHD, the extent to which this ability can be improved via targeted training, and the degree to which training extends to novel tasks of attention-switching. METHOD: Adults with ADHD (n = 16) and adults without ADHD (n = 18) were divided into training and non-training groups. Training groups performed six blocks of four different attention-switching tasks, while non-training groups completed non-switching, "filler" tasks. Lastly, the four groups were tested on two novel attention-switching tasks. RESULTS: Adults with ADHD showed impaired attention-switching, relative to non-ADHD adults, but training significantly improved attention-switching in both ADHD and non-ADHD training groups. Finally, training effects transferred to new tasks of attention-switching. CONCLUSION: Adults with ADHD show attention-switching impairments, but deficits may be ameliorated with short-term, targeted training. Research has implications for cognitive training in ADHD.
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Evidence suggests that global and local switch-cost tap somewhat different cognitive processes and can be differentiated on a neural level.
“evidence suggests that they tap somewhat different cognitive processes and can be differentiated on a neural level [94], [95].”
Cites
Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Emerson, M. J., Witzki, A. H., Howerter, A., & Wager, T. D. (2000) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1006/cogp.1999.0734 · Cited by 15,798 · see citing works
Costs of a predictible switch between simple cognitive tasks.
Rogers, R. D., & Monsell, S. (1995) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.124.2.207 · Cited by 3,170 · see citing works
The relations among inhibition and interference control functions: A latent-variable analysis.
Friedman, N. P., & Miyake, A. (2004) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.133.1.101 · Cited by 2,309 · see citing works
Schmidt, R. A., & Bjork, R. A. (1992) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1992.tb00029.x · Cited by 1,582 · cited 1× · see citing works
“First, participants in the training group were provided with practice on four different attention-switching tasks during training to reduce the likelihood that they would learn task-specific strategies or skills (e.g., learning to inhibit particular tasks; Schmidt & Bjork, 1992).”
MethodTraining of Working Memory in Children With ADHD
Klingberg, T., Forssberg, H., & Westerberg, H. (2002) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1076/jcen.24.6.781.8395 · Cited by 1,225 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Furthermore, Klingberg et al. (2002) found that training benefits extended to other tasks of frontal lobe function, including a test of fluid intelligence (Raven’s) and a test of inhibitory control (the Stroop).”
BackgroundNeural mechanisms of transient and sustained cognitive control during task switching.
Braver, T. S., Reynolds, J. R., & Donaldson, D. I. (2003) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00466-5 · Cited by 826 · see citing works
Cautionary note on reporting eta-squared values from multifactor ANOVA designs.
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Individual differences in executive functions are almost entirely genetic in origin.
Friedman, N. P., Miyake, A., Young, S. E., DeFries, J. C., Corley, R. P., & Hewitt, J. K. (2008) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.137.2.201 · Cited by 1,547 · see citing works
Dovis, S., Van der Oord, S., Wiers, R. W., & Prins, P. J. M. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0121651 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Toplak, M. E., Connors, L., Shuster, J., Knezevic, B., & Parks, S. (2008) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2007.10.008 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Virta (2010) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s11743 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Exploring <i>N</i> -Back Cognitive Training for Children With ADHD
Jones, M. R., Katz, B., Buschkuehl, M., Jaeggi, S. M., & Shah, P. (2020) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054718779230 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“…Card Sorting Test (Pineda et al., 1998; Reeve & Schandler, 2001), verbal fluency tasks (Pineda et al., 1998), the Stroop task (Reeve & Schandler, 2001), taskswitching (Cepeda, Cepeda, & Kramer, 2000; White & Shah, 2006), and the Tower of London task (Cornoldi, Barbieri, Gaiani, & Zocchi, 1999).”
BackgroundSelf-citationLópez-Pinar, C., Martínez-Sanchís, S., Carbonell-Vayá, E., Sánchez-Meca, J., & Fenollar-Cortés, J. (2020) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054719855685 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
- Authors
- White, H. A., & Shah, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Memphis (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Attention Disorders
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2006-08
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 44-53
- ISSN
- 1087-0547 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-1246
- OpenAlex
- W2031005890
- Cited by
- 83
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 1.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Attention Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, attentional shift, cognitive training, adult ADHD, transfer of training, executive function
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attention, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Female, Humans, Male, Teaching, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome
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