Short cognitive behavioral therapy and cognitive training for adults with ADHD – a randomized controlled pilot study
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In clinical practice, a growing need exists for effective non-pharmacological treatments of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Here, we present the results of a pilot study of 10 adults with ADHD participating in short-term individual cognitive- behavioral therapy (CBT), 9 adults participating in cognitive training (CT), and 10 controls. Self-report questionnaires, independent evaluations, and computerized neurocognitive testing were collected before and after the treatments to evaluate change. There were distinctive pre-hypotheses regarding the treatments, and therefore the statistical comparisons were conducted in pairs: CBT vs control, CT vs control, and CBT vs CT. In a combined ADHD symptom score based on self-reports, 6 participants in CBT, 2 in CT and 2 controls improved. Using independent evaluations, improvement was found in 7 of the CBT participants, 2 of CT participants and 3 controls. There was no treatment-related improvement in cognitive performance. Thus, in the CBT group, some encouraging improvement was seen, although not as clearly as in previous research with longer interventions. In the CT group, there was improvement in the trained tasks but no generalization of the improvement to the tasks of the neurocognitive testing, the self- report questionnaires, or the independent evaluations. These preliminary results warrant further studies with more participants and with more elaborate cognitive testing.
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All four randomized controlled trials found that CBT reduced ADHD symptoms (self and independently rated) compared with the control treatment(s).
“All found that CBT reduced ADHD symptoms (self and independently rated) compared with the control treatment(s).”
From Cognitive–behavioural therapy for adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a proof of concept randomised controlled trial (2018) · cites this paper as [3]
The Results (Cognitive behavioral therapy group versus controls; page not supplied) report more self-reported and independently rated improvement in the CBT group than in controls, but both differences were only almost statistically significant (P = 0.07), and the independently rated ASRS difference was not significant. This paper reports one pilot trial; it does not establish the claim about all four trials. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThere have been four randomized controlled trials of individualised CBT that are structured and manualised.
“There have been four randomized controlled trials of individualised CBT that are structured and manualised (3-6).”
From Cognitive–behavioural therapy for adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a proof of concept randomised controlled trial (2018) · cites this paper as [3]
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Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) des Erwachsenenalters
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Long-term effects of cognitive behavioural therapy on the quality of life in adult ADHD
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- Authors
- Virta
- Venue
- Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2010-07
- Volume
- 6
- Pages
- 443
- ISSN
- 1176-6328 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2938293
- OpenAlex
- W2104932664
- Cited by
- 71
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 3.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- adult ADHD, cognitive behavioral therapy, cognitive training, non-pharmacological treatment, brief intervention, neuropsychological performance, transfer of training, ADHD symptom improvement
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