Cited by 3,373Health and Wellbeing ResearchBehavioral Health and InterventionsHealth Education and Validation

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Development of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) Scales

Wallston, Kenneth A., Strudler Wallston, Barbara, DeVellis, Robert·1978·Health Education Monographs

DOI 10.1177/109019817800600107

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Abstract

The development of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control scales is described. Scales have been developed to tap beliefs that the source of reinforcements for health-related behaviors is primarily internal, a matter of chance, or under the control of powerful others. These scales are based on earlier work with a general Health Locus of Control Scale, which, in turn, was developed from Rotter's social learning theory. Equivalent forms of the scales are presented along with initial internal consistency and validity data. Possible means of utilizing these scales are provided.

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Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.
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Self-citation
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Self-citation
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“Locus of control Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (B, C) [71] ✓ ✕ ✓ ✓ ✓”
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Background
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Method
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“We assessed controllability not with regard to specific instances of coping transactions as have some previous studies (e.g., Park et al., 2001; Sorgen & Manne, 2002) nor with regard to the general situation (e.g., Strentz & Auerbach, 1988), but rather in regard to patients’ perceptions of control over their own healt…”
Method
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Retracted
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“The Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale (MHLCS) was developed by Wallston, Wallston, and DeVellis (1978) in order to evaluate perceived health control.”
Method
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“Control beliefs may be derived from either previous experiences, from environmental factors or from other persons ( Wallston, Wallston & DeVellis, 1978 ).”
Background
Relationships between locus of control, health value, and preventive health behaviors among women
Wurtele, S. K., Britcher, J. C., & Saslawsky, D. A. (1985) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/0092-6566(85)90018-2 · Cited by 40
Potential side effects of dental amalgam restorations
Bratel, J., Haraldson, T., & Ottosson, J. (1997) · European Journal Of Oral Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1997.tb00207.x · Cited by 40
Correlation between compliance regimens with health locus of control in patients with hypertension.
Taher, M., Bayat, Z. S., zandi, K. N., Ghasemi, E., Abredari, H., Karimy, M., & Abedi, A. R. (2015) · PubMed Central · Cited by 39
The Impact of Acculturation on Depression Among Older Muslim Immigrants in the United States
Abu-Bader, S. H., Tirmazi, M. T., & Ross-Sheriff, F. (2011) · Journal of Gerontological Social Work · doi:10.1080/01634372.2011.560928 · Cited by 39
“Health locus of control was measured using the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale (MHLC; Wallston, Wallston, & DeVellis, 1978 ), which is an 18-item instrument that rates respondents according to internal health locus of control (IHLC), powerful others health locus of control (PHLC), and chance health locu…”
Method
Factors Influencing Adherence in Cancer Patients Taking Oral Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Verbrugghe, M., Duprez, V., Beeckman, D., Grypdonck, M. H. F., Quaghebeur, M., Verschueren, C., Verhaeghe, S. T. L., & Hecke, A. V. (2015) · Cancer Nursing · doi:10.1097/ncc.0000000000000250 · Cited by 39
Pain Symptom Profiles in Persons with Spinal Cord Injury
Cruz‐Almeida, Y., Felix, E. R., Martinez‐Arizala, A., & Widerström-Noga, E. G. (2009) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2009.00713.x · Cited by 39
Coping with illness and subjective theories of illness in adult patients with haematological malignancies: Systematic review
Koehler, M., Koenigsmann, M., & Frommer, J. (2008) · Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2008.09.014 · Cited by 39
Self-esteem in Greek Dialysis Patients The Contribution of Health Locus of Control
Theofilou, P. (2012) · Iranian Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.13140/rg.2.2.32034.50883 · Cited by 39
Applying the biopsychosocial model to the management of rheumatic disease
Ryan, S., & Carr, A. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-06934-5.00005-x · Cited by 49
The Beliefs About Stress Scale (BASS): Development, reliability, and validity.
Laferton, J. A. C., Stenzel, N., & Fischer, S. (2016) · International Journal of Stress Management · doi:10.1037/str0000047 · Cited by 42
Working while sick: validation of the multidimensional presenteeism exposures and productivity survey for nurses (MPEPS-N)
Lui, J. N. M., & Johnston, J. M. (2019) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-019-4373-x · Cited by 39
Self-Control-Centered Empowerment Model: Health Consciousness and Health Knowledge as Drivers of Empowerment-Seeking through Health Communication
Chang, C. (2019) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2019.1652385 · Cited by 40
Adolescents' Health Behaviours and Its Associations with Psychological Variables
Kim, Y. (2011) · Central European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.21101/cejph.a3694 · Cited by 39
“The Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale (MHLC) developed by Wallston, Wallston, and DeVellis (15) was translated into Korean, and used in the study.”
Method
Diabetes in Urban African Americans. Body Image, Satisfaction With Size, and Weight Change Attempts
Anderson, L. A., Janes, G. R., Ziemer, D. C., & Phillips, L. S. (1997) · The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care · doi:10.1177/014572179702300309 · Cited by 39
Family meetings for older adults in intermediate care settings: the impact of patient cognitive impairment and other characteristics on shared decision making
Milte, C. M., Ratcliffe, J., Davies, O., Whitehead, C., Masters, S. C., & Crotty, M. (2013) · Health Expectations · doi:10.1111/hex.12076 · Cited by 39
The experience of asthma
Snadden, D., & Brown, J. B. (1992) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(92)90144-f · Cited by 39
Health locus of control in late life: A study of genetic and environmental influences in twins aged 80 years and older.
Johansson, B. E. A., Grant, J. D., Plomin, R. J., Pedersen, N. L., Ahern, F. M., Berg, S., & McClearn, G. E. (2001) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//0278-6133.20.1.33 · Cited by 39
Beliefs and collaboration in illness: Evolution over time.
Rolland, J. S. (1998) · Families Systems & Health · doi:10.1037/h0089839 · Cited by 39
Health Locus of Control of Joggers and Nonexercisers
Slenker, S. E., Price, J. H., & O’Connell, J. K. (1985) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.1985.61.1.323 · Cited by 39
Taking corrective action when exposed to fake news: The role of fake news literacy
Huber, B., Borah, P., & de Zúñiga, H. G. (2022) · Journal of Media Literacy Education · doi:10.23860/jmle-2022-14-2-1 · Cited by 40
“Media locus of control (MLOC) refers to people’s self-perceived responsibility and ability to control the influence of the information they consume (Maksl et al., 2015; Wallston et al., 1978).”
Background
The impact of workplace factors on filing of workers’ compensation claims among nursing home workers
Qin, J., Kurowski, A., Gore, R. J., & Punnett, L. (2014) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/1471-2474-15-29 · Cited by 38
“Nineteen other variables were tested as potential confounders including 1) demographic and health factors: age, gender, race, education (years of schooling), BMI, marital status, chronic conditions (diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, Western Ontario McMaster Osteoarthritis Index), smoking, leisure activities (h…”

Authors: Wallston, K. A., Strudler Wallston, B., & DeVellis, R.
Affiliations: Vanderbilt University (US)
George Peabody College for Teachers Nashville, Tennessee
ORCID: Wallston, Kenneth A.
Venue: Health Education Monographs
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 1978-03
Volume: 6
Issue: 1
Pages: 160-170
ISSN: 0073-1455 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1177/109019817800600107
OpenAlex: W2134621022
Cited by: 3,373
References: 9
Citations by year: 2026: 58 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 79 · 2023: 80 · 2022: 105 · 2021: 111 · 2020: 99 · 2019: 74 · 2018: 84 · 2017: 75 · 2016: 111 · 2015: 120 · 2014: 102 · 2013: 95 · 2012: 95
FWCI: 51.69
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Health Education Monographs (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health and Wellbeing Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Health Education and Validation
Keywords: health locus of control, Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale, health behavior, internal locus of control, chance locus of control, powerful others locus of control, scale development, social learning theory, Rotter, scale validation, internal consistency
MeSH terms: Adult, Attitude to Health, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Male, Psychological Tests

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Development of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) Scales

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