Is fluency being ‘neglected’ in the classroom? Teacher understanding of fluency and related classroom practices
Abstract
This article reports on a study examining second language (L2) teachers’ understanding of speech fluency and their self-reported classroom practices for promoting it. Qualitative and quantitative data collected from 84 L2 teachers in England were analysed to answer the research questions. In addition to the descriptive statistics and lexical frequency analysis used to explore teacher understanding of fluency, Rossiter, Derwing, Manimtim and Thomson’s (2010) framework was employed to analyse the teachers’ reported classroom practices. The results suggest that teachers often define fluency in a broad sense, with many using fluency and speaking ability interchangeably. Similarly, a large majority of the activities reported by the teachers were useful for enhancing speaking practice rather than focusing on fluency specifically. The findings underline the interaction between teacher understanding and their methodology (Borg, 2003), and highlight a mismatch between what fluency research recommends and what teachers do in class. Though the study highlights the complex and multifaceted nature of L2 oral fluency, we argue that adopting a narrower understanding could help teachers take a more active and practical approach to promoting fluency in the classroom.
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Task repetition is an effective teaching technique for fostering L2 learners' fluency.
“Task repetition is an effective teaching technique for fostering L2 learners' fluency (Bygate, 2018;Lambert et al., 2017;Tavakoli & Hunter, 2018).”
From MASSED TASK REPETITION IS A DOUBLE-EDGED SWORD FOR FLUENCY DEVELOPMENT (2022) · cites this paper as Tavakoli & Hunter, 2018
Cites
The Influence of Planning and Task Type on Second Language Performance
Foster, P., & Skehan, P. (1996) · Studies in Second Language Acquisition · doi:10.1017/s0272263100015047 · Cited by 1,147 · see citing works
Exploring measures and perceptions of fluency in the speech of second language learners
Kormos, J., & Dénes (2004) · System · doi:10.1016/j.system.2004.01.001 · Cited by 679 · see citing works
TASK REPETITION AND SECOND LANGUAGE SPEECH PROCESSING
Lambert, C., Kormos, J., & Minn, D. (2017) · Studies in Second Language Acquisition · doi:10.1017/s0272263116000085 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Exploring the benefits of task repetition and recycling for classroom language learning
Lynch, T., & Maclean, J. (2000) · Language Teaching Research · doi:10.1177/136216880000400303 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
de Jong, N., & Perfetti, C. A. (2011) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9922.2010.00620.x · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Repeating a Monologue Under Increasing Time Pressure: Effects on Fluency, Complexity, and Accuracy
Thai, C., & Boers, F. (2016) · TESOL Quarterly · doi:10.1002/tesq.232 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
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Suzuki, Y. (2021) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/lang.12433 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
MASSED TASK REPETITION IS A DOUBLE-EDGED SWORD FOR FLUENCY DEVELOPMENT
Suzuki, Y., & Hanzawa, K. (2022) · Studies in Second Language Acquisition · doi:10.1017/s0272263121000358 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATIONS Task repetition is an effective teaching technique for fostering L2 learners’ fluency (Bygate, 2018; Lambert et al., 2017; Tavakoli & Hunter, 2018).”
Method
- Authors
- Tavakoli, P., & Hunter, A.-M.
- Affiliations
- University of Reading (GB)
- St Mary’s University, UK
- Corresponding author
- Tavakoli, Parvaneh
- Venue
- Language Teaching Research
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2017-05-10
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 330-349
- ISSN
- 1362-1688 (ISSN-L)
- 1477-0954
- OpenAlex
- W2612365358
- Cited by
- 96
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 36.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Language Teaching Research (publishedVersion)
- CentAUR (University of Reading) (acceptedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Second Language Acquisition and Learning
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Literature and Literary Theory › Second Language Learning and Teaching
- Keywords
- speech fluency, second language teachers, teacher understanding, teaching practice, speaking practice, teacher methodology, English as a second language
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