Cited by 267Autism Spectrum Disorder ResearchDisability Education and EmploymentFamily and Disability Support Research

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Outcomes in adults with autism spectrum disorders: a historical perspective

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Henninger, Natalie A., Taylor, Julie Lounds·2013·Autism

DOI 10.1177/1362361312441266PMC PMC3769945

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Abstract

In this review, we examine the ways in which researchers have defined successful adult outcomes for individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) from the first systematic follow-up reports to the present day. The earliest outcome studies used vague and unreliable outcome criteria, and institutionalization was a common marker of poor outcomes. In the past decade, researchers have begun to standardize the measurement of adult outcomes with specific criteria based on friendships, employment, and living arrangements. Although nearly all of these studies have agreed that the majority of adults with ASD have poor outcomes, evolving concepts of what it means to be an adult could have an impact on outcomes measured. For example, some researchers have suggested that taking into account the person-environment fit could reveal a more optimistic picture of outcomes for these adults. Suggestions for future research are discussed.

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Influential

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Background
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Background
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Smith, I. M., Flanagan, H. E., Ungar, W. J., D’Entremont, B., Garon, N., den Otter, J., Waddell, C., Bryson, S. E., Tsiplova, K., Léger, N., et al. (2019) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2072 · Cited by 23
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Background
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“This review will focus primarily on long-term follow-up outcome studies that have been published over the past decade (for reviews of earlier outcome studies see Gillberg 1991; Henninger and Taylor 2012; Howlin 2000; Howlin and Moss 2012; Levy and Perry 2011; Nordin and Gillberg 1998).”
Background
Sensory Processing and Community Participation in Autistic Adults
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“The person-environment fit describes the complex dynamic between personal needs and societal expectations (Henninger & Taylor, 2013).”
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Background
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Background
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“Furthermore, it is well documented that the use of broad categories inaccurately characterizes support needs (Henninger and Taylor 2013; Kapp 2023; Whiteley, Carr, and Shattock 2021; Chapman and Veit 2020; Chapple and Worsley 2021; Rix 2023).”
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“…IDDs has been suboptimal, with either coarse measurement that has not been scientifically validated or adaptations from childhood measures with limited applicability to adults (Berry-Kravis et al., 2013; Esbensen et al., 2017; Hart et al., 2017; Henninger & Taylor, 2013; Koslowski et al., 2016).”
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“These individuals have long been forgotten in the current context (Henninger & Taylor, 2013; Howlin et al., 2004, 2013).”
Background
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Can archaeology become a positive working environment for adults with autism spectrum disorders?
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“Yet, program development, funding, and research on program effectiveness have largely been focused on children (Henninger & Taylor, 2013).”
Background
A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY OF VOCATIONAL EXPERIENCES IN ADULT COLLEGE GRADUATES WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS
Lizotte, M. (2016) · Michigan State University Libraries · doi:10.25335/6erh-k674 · Cited by 5
Who Tweets for the autistic community? A natural language processing–driven investigation
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“Whether or not the sample can be deemed adequately representative can be determined by comparing the results of the survey to data from large samples of autistic adults (Henninger & Taylor, 2013; Howlin & Moss, 2012; Magiati et al., 2014).”
‘Does that mean you will be violent?’: A qualitative exploration into Autistic women’s experiences of relationships with lecturers at university
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“…on Autistic adults, as they have been regularly documented in research to have poor outcomes compared to neurotypical adults, such as less independence, higher rates of mental health difficulties and poor job prospects (e.g. Henninger & Taylor, 2013; Howlin & Magiati, 2017; Lee et al., 2023).”
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“Therefore, more research has recently been devoted to the study of the predictors of ASD outcomes and the actual needs of adolescents and adults with autism [7,8].”
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Autism Spectrum Disorder
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“%) co-residing with ageing parents (Anderson et al., 2014; Henninger & Taylor, 2013; Herrema et al., 2017).”
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“Individuals with ASD across the spectrum are reported to experience poor outcomes in 20 the transition from school to adulthood (Hendricks & Wehman, 2010; Henninger & Taylor, 2013; Newman et al., 2011; Shattuck et al., 2012; Shogren & Plotner, 2012; Wehman, 2013).”
Background
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Background
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Authors: Henninger, N. A., & Taylor, J. L.
Affiliations: Vanderbilt University (US)
Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital (US)
ORCID: Taylor, Julie Lounds
Venue: Autism
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2012-08-21
Volume: 17
Issue: 1
Pages: 103-116
ISSN: 1362-3613 (ISSN-L)
1461-7005
DOI: 10.1177/1362361312441266
PMC: PMC3769945
OpenAlex: W2109872026
Cited by: 267
References: 38
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 10
FWCI: 8.34
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Autism (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (K01MH092598)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P30HD015052, P30 HD-15052)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Social Sciences › Education › Disability Education and Employment
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family and Disability Support Research
Keywords: autism spectrum disorder, adult outcomes, outcome measurement, institutionalization, employment, friendship, living arrangements, person-environment fit
MeSH terms: Adult, Child, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Employment, Humans, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Friends, History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century, Independent Living

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