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Systematic text condensation: A strategy for qualitative analysis
Abstract
Aims To present background, principles, and procedures for a strategy for qualitative analysis called systematic text condensation and discuss this approach compared with related strategies. Methods Giorgi's psychological phenomenological analysis is the point of departure and inspiration for systematic text condensation. The basic elements of Giorgi's method and the elaboration of these in systematic text condensation are presented, followed by a detailed description of procedures for analysis according to systematic text condensation. Finally, similarities and differences compared with other frequently applied methods for qualitative analysis are identified, as the foundation of a discussion of strengths and limitations of systematic text condensation. Results Systematic text condensation is a descriptive and explorative method for thematic cross-case analysis of different types of qualitative data, such as interview studies, observational studies, and analysis of written texts. The method represents a pragmatic approach, although inspired by phenomenological ideas, and various theoretical frameworks can be applied. The procedure consists of the following steps: 1) total impression - from chaos to themes; 2) identifying and sorting meaning units - from themes to codes; 3) condensation - from code to meaning; 4) synthesizing - from condensation to descriptions and concepts. Similarities and differences comparing systematic text condensation with other frequently applied qual…
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Metadata
- Authors
- Malterud, K.
- Affiliations
- Uni Research (Norway) (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Malterud, Kirsti
- ORCID
- Malterud, Kirsti
- Venue
- Scandinavian Journal of Public Health
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2012-12
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 795-805
- ISSN
- 1403-4948 (ISSN-L)
- 1651-1905
- OpenAlex
- W2078904464
- Semantic Scholar
- 1735fab29ac548b150286eb84e85cb0305861a18
- Cited by
- 2,305
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 142 · 2025: 198 · 2024: 273 · 2023: 227 · 2022: 239 · 2021: 261 · 2020: 211 · 2019: 171 · 2018: 146 · 2017: 132 · 2016: 120 · 2015: 98 · 2014: 58 · 2013: 26
- FWCI
- 280.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Scandinavian Journal of Public Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Qualitative Research Methods and Applications
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Qualitative Research Methods and Ethics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Sociology and Education Studies
- Keywords
- qualitative data analysis, meaning units, code development, thematic analysis, methodological quality, reflexivity, intersubjectivity
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Research Design, Statistics as Topic, Qualitative Research
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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