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Systematic text condensation: A strategy for qualitative analysis

Malterud, Kirsti·2012·Scandinavian Journal of Public Health

DOI 10.1177/1403494812465030

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Abstract

Aims To present background, principles, and procedures for a strategy for qualitative analysis called systematic text condensation and discuss this approach compared with related strategies. Methods Giorgi's psychological phenomenological analysis is the point of departure and inspiration for systematic text condensation. The basic elements of Giorgi's method and the elaboration of these in systematic text condensation are presented, followed by a detailed description of procedures for analysis according to systematic text condensation. Finally, similarities and differences compared with other frequently applied methods for qualitative analysis are identified, as the foundation of a discussion of strengths and limitations of systematic text condensation. Results Systematic text condensation is a descriptive and explorative method for thematic cross-case analysis of different types of qualitative data, such as interview studies, observational studies, and analysis of written texts. The method represents a pragmatic approach, although inspired by phenomenological ideas, and various theoretical frameworks can be applied. The procedure consists of the following steps: 1) total impression - from chaos to themes; 2) identifying and sorting meaning units - from themes to codes; 3) condensation - from code to meaning; 4) synthesizing - from condensation to descriptions and concepts. Similarities and differences comparing systematic text condensation with other frequently applied qual…

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Authors: Malterud, K.
Affiliations: Uni Research (Norway) (NO)
Corresponding author: Malterud, Kirsti
ORCID: Malterud, Kirsti
Venue: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2012-12
Volume: 40
Issue: 8
Pages: 795-805
ISSN: 1403-4948 (ISSN-L)
1651-1905
DOI: 10.1177/1403494812465030
OpenAlex: W2078904464
Semantic Scholar: 1735fab29ac548b150286eb84e85cb0305861a18
Cited by: 2,305
References: 33
Citations by year: 2026: 142 · 2025: 198 · 2024: 273 · 2023: 227 · 2022: 239 · 2021: 261 · 2020: 211 · 2019: 171 · 2018: 146 · 2017: 132 · 2016: 120 · 2015: 98 · 2014: 58 · 2013: 26
FWCI: 280.98
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Education › Qualitative Research Methods and Applications
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Qualitative Research Methods and Ethics
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Sociology and Education Studies
Keywords: qualitative data analysis, meaning units, code development, thematic analysis, methodological quality, reflexivity, intersubjectivity
MeSH terms: Humans, Research Design, Statistics as Topic, Qualitative Research

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