General self-efficacy in the Norwegian population: differences and similarities between sociodemographic groups

Bonsaksen, Tore; Lerdal, Anners; Heir, Trond; Ekeberg, Øivind; Skogstad, Laila; Grimholt, Tine K.; Schou-Bredal, Inger

doi:10.1177/1403494818756701

Cited by 85Optimism, Hope, and Well-beingPersonality Traits and PsychologyHealth and Wellbeing Research

General self-efficacy in the Norwegian population: differences and similarities between sociodemographic groups

Open access

Bonsaksen, Tore, Lerdal, Anners, Heir, Trond, Ekeberg, Øivind, Skogstad, Laila, Grimholt, Tine K., Schou-Bredal, Inger·2019·Scandinavian Journal of Public Health

DOI 10.1177/1403494818756701

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Aims: General self-efficacy (GSE) refers to optimistic self-beliefs of being able to perform and control behaviors, and is linked with various physical and mental health outcomes. Measures of self-efficacy are commonly used in health research with clinical populations, but are less explored in relationship to sociodemographic characteristics in general populations. This study investigated GSE in relation to sociodemographic characteristics in the general population in Norway. Methods: As part of a larger national survey, the GSE scale was administered to a general population sample, and 1787 out of 4961 eligible participants (response rate 36%) completed the scale. Group comparisons were conducted using independent t -tests and one-way analyses of variance. Linear regression analysis was used to examine factors independently associated with GSE. Results: GSE was lower for older compared to younger participants ( p < 0.001). It was higher for men compared to women ( p < 0.001), higher for those with higher levels of education compared to those with lower levels ( p < 0.001) and higher for those in work compared to their counterparts ( p < 0.001). Controlling for all variables, male gender and employment were independently associated with higher GSE. Age moderated the associations between gender and employment on one hand, and GSE on the other. The association between being male and having higher GSE was more pronounced in younger age, as was the association between being employed and having higher GSE. Conclusions: Male gender and being employed were related to higher GSE among persons in the general population in Norway, and these associations were stronger among persons of younger age. The findings are considered fairly representative for the Norwegian population.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1177/1403494818756701

Cites

21 of 21 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Prior studies have reported lower self-efficacy and lower distress tolerance among racial minorities compared to White participants and among those with lower levels of education.
“Studies have reported lower self-efficacy and lower distress tolerance among racial minorities compared to White participants (Assari, 2017; McIntosh et al., 2021) and among those with lower levels of education (Bonsaksen et al., 2019).”
From Feeling more confident to encounter negative emotions: The mediating role of distress tolerance on the relationship between self-efficacy and outcomes of exposure and response prevention for OCD (2024) · cites this paper as Bonsaksen et al., 2019

Self-efficacy: The exercise of control
Bandura, A., Freeman, W. H., & Lightsey, R. (1999) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.13.2.158 · Cited by 46,835 · see citing works
The general self-efficacy scale: multicultural validation studies
Luszczynska, A., Scholz, U., & Schwarzer, R. (2005) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.3200/jrlp.139.5.439-457 · Cited by 1,878 · see citing works
Is General Self-Efficacy a Universal Construct?1
Scholz, U., Gutiérrez Doña, B., Sud, S., & Schwarzer, R. (2002) · European Journal of Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1027//1015-5759.18.3.242 · Cited by 1,637 · see citing works
Measures in Health Psychology: A User's Portfolio
Johnston, M., Wright, S., & Weinman, J. A. (1995) · Cited by 1,300 · see citing works
The Causes and Consequences of Response Rates in Surveys by the News Media and Government Contractor Survey Research Firms
Holbrook, A. L., Krosnick, J. A., & Pfent, A. M. (2007) · doi:10.1002/9780470173404.ch23 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Perceived self-efficacy in health behaviour research: Conceptualisation, measurement and correlates
Leganger, A., Kraft, P., & R⊘ysamb, E. (2000) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870440008400288 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Validation of the Swedish translation of the general self-efficacy scale
Löve, J., Moore, C. D., & Hensing, G. (2012) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-011-0030-5 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Changes in self-regulatory cognitions as predictors of changes in smoking and nutrition behaviour
Scholz, U., Nagy, G., Göhner, W., Łuszczyńska, A., & Kliegel, M. (2009) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870440801902519 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Comparison of the role of self-efficacy and illness representations in relation to dietary self-care and diabetes distress in adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Nouwen, A., Urquhart Law, G., Hussain, S., McGovern, S., & Napier, H. (2009) · Psychology & Health · doi:10.1080/08870440802254597 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Control Constructs: Do They Mediate the Relation between Educational Attainment and Health Behaviour?
Leganger, A., & Kraft, P. (2003) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/13591053030083006 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Population-based norms of the Life Orientation Test–Revised (LOT-R).
Schou-Bredal, I., Heir, T., Skogstad, L., Bonsaksen, T., Lerdal, A., Grimholt, T., & Ekeberg, Ø. (2017) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2017.07.005 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Self-citation
Self-efficacy as a predictor of improvement in health status and overall quality of life in pulmonary rehabilitation—An exploratory study
Bentsen, S. B., Wentzel‐Larsen, T., Henriksen, A. H., Rokne, B., & Wahl, A. K. (2010) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2009.11.019 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Does self-efficacy predict return-to-work after sickness absence? A prospective study among 930 employees with sickness absence for three weeks or more
Labriola, M., Lund, T., Christensen, K. B., Albertsen, K., Bültmann, U., Jensen, J. N., & Villadsen, E. (2007) · Work · doi:10.3233/wor-2007-00660 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Durkheim and Weber on the social implications of new information and communication technologies
Schroeder, R., & Ling, R. (2013) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444813495157 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Trajectories of self-efficacy in persons with chronic illness: An explorative longitudinal study
Bonsaksen, T., Fagermoen, M. S., & Lerdal, A. (2013) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2013.856432 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citation
Longitudinal Relationship between Self-efficacy and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms 8 Years after a Violent Assault: An Autoregressive Cross-Lagged Model
Nygaard, E., Johansen, V. A., Siqveland, J., Hussain, A., & Heir, T. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00913 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citation
The role of psychosocial factors in socioeconomic differences in physical activity: A population-based study
Lehto, E., Konttinen, H. M., Jousilahti, P., & Haukkala, A. (2013) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/1403494813481642 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-efficacy, disability level and physical strength in the injured workers: findings from a major factory disaster in Bangladesh
Villanueva, G. A., Fitch, T. J., Quadir, M. M., Sagiraju, H. K. R., & Alamgir, H. (2016) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.3109/09638288.2016.1161085 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Marriage, Cohabitation and LAT Relationships
Trost, J. E. (2016) · Journal of Comparative Family Studies · doi:10.3138/jcfs.47.1.17 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Predictors of physical and mental health in persons with morbid obesity attending a patient education course – a two-year follow-up study
Lerdal, A., Gay, C., Bonsaksen, T., & Fagermoen, M. S. (2017) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-017-0675-z · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citation
Two-step method of major depression screening by patient health questionnaire for patients with lung cancer
Kawada, T. (2013) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-013-1952-y · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Health-related quality of life is strongly associated with self-efficacy, self-esteem, loneliness, and stress in 14–15-year-old adolescents: a cross-sectional study
Mikkelsen, H. T., Haraldstad, K., Helseth, S., Skarstein, S. O., Småstuen, M. C., & Rohde, G. E. (2020) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-020-01585-9 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Associations between e-health literacy and chronic disease self-management in older Chinese patients with chronic non-communicable diseases: a mediation analysis
Wu, Y., Wen, J. L., Wang, X., Wang, Q., Wang, W., Wang, X., Xie, J., & Li, C. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-14695-4 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Quality of life in people with visual impairment compared with the general population
Bonsaksen, T., Brunes, A., & Heir, T. (2023) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s10389-023-01995-1 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citation
Self-diagnosed depression in the Norwegian general population – associations with neuroticism, extraversion, optimism, and general self-efficacy
Bonsaksen, T., Grimholt, T. K., Skogstad, L., Lerdal, A., Ekeberg, Ø., Heir, T., & Schou‐Bredal, I. (2018) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5990-8 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citation
Pain and health-related quality of life in adolescents and the mediating role of self-esteem and self-efficacy: a cross-sectional study including adolescents and parents
Mikkelsen, H. T., Haraldstad, K., Helseth, S., Skarstein, S. O., Småstuen, M. C., & Rohde, G. E. (2021) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-021-00629-z · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Role of neuroticism and extraversion in the emotional health of people with cancer
Macía, P., Gorbeña, S., Gómez, A., Barranco, M., & Castillo, I. I. (2020) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04281 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Changes in health-related quality of life in adolescents and the impact of gender and selected variables: a two-year longitudinal study
Mikkelsen, H. T., Småstuen, M. C., Haraldstad, K., Helseth, S., Skarstein, S. O., & Rohde, G. E. (2022) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-022-02035-4 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Electronic Health Literacy as a Source of Self-Efficacy Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Park, C. (2024) · Clinical Gerontologist · doi:10.1080/07317115.2024.2373894 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Sexual Assault and the Association With Health, Quality of Life, and Self-Efficacy in the General Norwegian Population
Schou‐Bredal, I., Bonsaksen, T., Ekeberg, Ø., Skogstad, L., Grimholt, T. K., Lerdal, A., & Heir, T. (2020) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260520926307 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citation
Self-evaluated anxiety in the Norwegian population: prevalence and associated factors
Bonsaksen, T., Heir, T., Ekeberg, Ø., Grimholt, T. K., Lerdal, A., Skogstad, L., & Schou‐Bredal, I. (2019) · Archives of Public Health · doi:10.1186/s13690-019-0338-0 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citation
General self-efficacy and social support in men and women with pain – irregular sex patterns of cross-sectional and longitudinal associations in a general population sample
Samulowitz, A., Hensing, G. K. E., Haukenes, I., Bergman, S., & Grimby‐Ekman, A. (2022) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-022-05992-5 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
General self-efficacy in individuals with visual impairment compared with the general population
Brunes, A., Hansen, M. B., & Heir, T. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0254043 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citation
Negative social media-related experiences and lower general self-efficacy are associated with depressive symptoms in adolescents
Bonsaksen, T., Steigen, A. M., Stea, T. H., Kleppang, A. L., Lien, L., & Leonhardt, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.1037375 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citation
Social Support, General Self-Efficacy, Fear of Falling, and Physical Activity Among Older Adults in a Middle-Income Country
Okoye, E. C., Onwuakagba, I. U., Akile, C. C., Okonkwo, U. P., Akosile, C. O., Mgbeojedo, U. G., Oyewumi, T. J., & Kubeyinje, O. S. (2022) · Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1177/23337214221097750 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Resilience and diabetes self-management among African-American men receiving primary care at an urban safety-net hospital: a cross-sectional survey
Jia, J., Jenkins, A. J., Quintiliani, L. M., Truong, V., & Lasser, K. E. (2020) · Ethnicity and Health · doi:10.1080/13557858.2020.1849566 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Perceived Injustice in Patients With Chronic Pain: Prevalence, Relevance, and Associations With Long-Term Recovery and Deterioration
Rème, S. E., Ljosaa, T. M., Stubhaug, A., Granan, L.-P., Falk, R. S., & Jacobsen, H. B. (2022) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2022.01.007 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
The association of efficacy, optimism, uncertainty and health anxiety with inflammatory bowel disease activity.
Stone, J. K., Shafer, L. A., Graff, L. A., Witges, K., Sexton, K., Lix, L. M., Haviva, C., Targownik, L. E., & Bernstein, C. N. (2022) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.110719 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Quality of life and mental health in emerging adults with cerebral palsy compared to the general population
Schmidt, S., Markwart, H., Rapp, M., Guyard, A., Arnaud, C., Fauconnier, J., Thyen, U., Hahm, S., Bagazgoïtia, N. V. D., & Muehlan, H. (2022) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-022-01961-7 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Interpersonal Violence and Mental Health Outcomes: Mediation by Self-efficacy and Coping
Magalhães, E., Grych, J. H., Ferreira, C., Antunes, C., Prioste, A., & Jongenelen, I. (2021) · Victims & Offenders · doi:10.1080/15564886.2021.1880508 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Health-related quality of life in patients with newly diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease: an observational prospective cohort study (IBSEN III)
Olsen, B. C., Opheim, R., Kristensen, V. A., Høivik, M. L., Lund, C. I., Aabrekk, T. B., Johansen, I., Holten, K. I. A., Strande, V., Bengtson, M., et al. (2023) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-023-03435-9 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Experience and support of Chinese healthcare professionals as second victims of patient safety incidents: A cross‐sectional study
Yan, L., Tan, J., Chen, H., Yao, L., Li, Y., Zhao, Q., & Xiao, M. (2021) · Perspectives In Psychiatric Care · doi:10.1111/ppc.12843 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
The General Self-Efficacy Scale in a population planned for bariatric surgery in Sweden: a psychometric evaluation study
Dahlberg, K., Stenberg, E., Liang, Y., Nilsson, U. G., & Jaensson, M. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061509 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Sleep patterns and psychosocial health of parents of preterm and full-born infants: a prospective, comparative, longitudinal feasibility study
Marthinsen, G. N., Helseth, S., Småstuen, M. C., Bjorvatn, B., Bandlien, S. M., & Fegran, L. (2022) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-022-04862-1 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Physiological Responses to Organizational Stressors Among Police Managers
Nota, P. M. D., Scott, S. C., Huhta, J., Gustafsberg, H., & Andersen, J. P. (2024) · Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback · doi:10.1007/s10484-023-09613-2 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Health-related quality of life in parents of adolescents one year into the COVID-19 pandemic: a two-year longitudinal study
Rohde, G. E., Helseth, S., Skarstein, S. O., Småstuen, M. C., Mikkelsen, H. T., & Haraldstad, K. (2022) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-022-02069-8 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Nursing students' expectations of group supervision while writing a bachelor thesis: A pre-post survey
Jaensson, M., Wätterbjörk, I., Isaksson, A., & Falk‐Brynhildsen, K. (2024) · Nurse Education Today · doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2024.106257 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Investigating the relationship between aging perception and self-efficacy in the older adults: a cross-sectional study in Eastern Iran
Arjmand-sangani, M., Sharifzadeh, G., Soltani, N. S., & Torshizi, M. (2024) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-024-05231-7 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Mapping conditional health literacy and digital health literacy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease to optimise availability of digital health information: a cross-sectional study
Maurud, S., Lunde, L., Moen, A., & Opheim, R. (2025) · Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1080/00365521.2025.2497952 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
An endeavour for change and self-efficacy in transition: patient perspectives on postoperative recovery after bariatric surgery–a qualitative study
Dahlberg, K., Bylund, A., Stenberg, E., & Jaensson, M. (2022) · International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1080/17482631.2022.2050458 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Stress, pain, and work affiliation are strongly associated with health-related quality of life in parents of 14–15-year-old adolescents
Rohde, G. E., Helseth, S., Mikkelsen, H. T., Skarstein, S. O., Småstuen, M. C., & Haraldstad, K. (2022) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-021-01913-7 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“All Hands on Deck”: Psychological Characteristics of Women with Experience of Oncological Disease Participating in Sailing Cruise—A Pilot Study
Wyszomirska, J., Bąk‐Sosnowska, M., & Modrzejewska, A. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192013133 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Prevalence of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Based on Rome IV Criteria in Patients in Biochemical and Endoscopic Remission From Newly Diagnosed Inflammatory Bowel Disease: One- and Three-Year Results (the IBSEN III Cohort)
Olsen, B. C., Opheim, R., Kristensen, V. A., Høivik, M. L., Lund, C., Aabrekk, T. B., Johansen, I., Holten, K. I. A., Strande, V., Glad, I. F., et al. (2025) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1093/ibd/izaf047 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
General self-efficacy differentially moderates depressive symptoms in adults with epilepsy depending on seizure severity
Lee, S., Im, K., Jung, M.-A., & Seo, J. Y. (2022) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2022.108990 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-efficacy for therapeutic mode use among occupational therapy students in Norway
Opseth, T. M., Carstensen, T., Yazdani, F., Ellingham, B., Thørrisen, M. M., & Bonsaksen, T. (2017) · Cogent Education · doi:10.1080/2331186x.2017.1406630 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citation
Psychosocial resources predict frequent pain differently for men and women: A prospective cohort study
Samulowitz, A., Haukenes, I., Grimby‐Ekman, A., Bergman, S., & Hensing, G. K. E. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0283222 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Feeling more confident to encounter negative emotions: The mediating role of distress tolerance on the relationship between self-efficacy and outcomes of exposure and response prevention for OCD
Xu, J., Falkenstein, M. J., & Kuckertz, J. M. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.02.091 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Associations between social vulnerability and functioning in older age, and the moderating role of optimism and self-efficacy
Lahti, A.-M., Mikkola, T. M., Tirkkonen, A., Eriksson, J. G., & von Bonsdorff, M. B. (2025) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-025-03077-6 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Job Satisfaction among Occupational Therapists Employed in Primary Care Services in Norway
Bonsaksen, T., Horghagen, S., Arntzen, C., Gramstad, A., & Stigen, L. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20065062 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citation
Salud mental y factores de resiliencia durante el confinamiento por COVID-19
Fernández-Millán, J. M., & Bretones, F. D. (2021) · Universitas Psychologica · doi:10.11144/javeriana.upsy19.smfr · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Influence of Collective Esophageal Speech Training on Self-efficacy in Chinese Laryngectomees: A Pretest-posttest Group Study
Chen, Q., Luo, J., Li, J., Jian, D., Yuchi, Y., Ruan, H.-X., Huang, X.-L., & Wang, M. (2019) · Current Medical Science · doi:10.1007/s11596-019-2109-0 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Inclusive community energy initiatives? Understanding involvement of different socio-demographic groups
Goedkoop, F., Jans, L., Perlaviciute, G., & Hamann, K. R. S. (2025) · Energy Research & Social Science · doi:10.1016/j.erss.2025.104104 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Interprofessional Differences in Multidimensional Self-Efficacy Associated With Professional Performance in Nephrology During Case-Based Learning
Chao, C., Wu, M., Hung, K., Wu, M.-S., & Liang, J. (2024) · Kidney International Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ekir.2024.01.018 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Coping expectancies and disability across the new ICD ‐11 chronic pain categories: A large‐scale registry study
Munk, A., Jacobsen, H. B., & Rème, S. E. (2022) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.1979 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Associations of long‐term clinical recovery and improved quality of life across ICD ‐11 chronic pain categories in a real‐world registry study
Farnes, N., Granan, L., Jacobsen, H. B., Stubhaug, A., & Vambheim, S. M. (2024) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.2250 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Community-Working Occupational Therapists Serving as Fieldwork Supervisors: Characteristics and Associated Factors
Bonsaksen, T., Dolva, A., Horghagen, S., Sveen, U., Hagby, C., & Arntzen, C. (2019) · The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.15453/2168-6408.1627 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citation
Postpartum septic symphysitis, a rare condition with possible long-term consequences: a cohort study with long-term follow-up
Elden, H., Olsén, M. F., Hussein, N. F., Axelsson, L. W., Sengpiel, V., & Ullman, M. (2021) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-021-04023-w · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The correlation between the addiction profile and general self-efficacy of patients receiving treatment for substance use disorder
Filiz, N., & Polat, S. (2022) · Journal of Substance Use · doi:10.1080/14659891.2022.2047808 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Perceived Influence on Service Goals Among Community-Working Occupational Therapists in Norway
Bonsaksen, T., Sveen, U., Dolva, A., Horghagen, S., Thyness, E. M., Hagby, C., & Arntzen, C. (2018) · Journal of Primary Care & Community Health · doi:10.1177/2150132718813491 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citation
Health Literacy and Self‐Efficacy in Parents of Toddlers—A Cross‐Sectional Study
Søreide, R. M. E., Larsen, M. H., Wahl, A. K., Tschamper, M. K., & Urstad, K. H. (2025) · Nursing Open · doi:10.1002/nop2.70078 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The relationship between gender, psychosocial factors, pain, health literacy and health-related quality of life in parents of Norwegian adolescents one year into the COVID-19 pandemic
Rohde, G. E., Helseth, S., Hagen, M., Mikkelsen, H. T., Skarstein, S. O., & Haraldstad, K. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-18525-7 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Family function and health self-management ability among older adults from mountainous areas in China: moderated mediation model in a cross-sectional study
Chen, J., Chen, M.-F., Zain, N. M., Yap, C.-Y., Yusuf, A., & Ying, B.-H. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-22472-2 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Autoeficacia y engagement desde la perspectiva de género
Ospina-Cano, S., González, E. Q., Villavicencio-Ayub, E., & Rodríguez, G. A. (2023) · Equidad y Desarrollo · doi:10.19052/eq.vol1.iss41.7 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Healthcare Students’ Approaches to Studying in Association With Self-Efficacy and Mental Health: Repeated Cross-Sectional Analysis
DaLomba, E. J., Bonsaksen, T., & Mansur, S. (2022) · Occupational Therapy in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/0164212x.2022.2078757 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citation
Daily use of alcohol in the Norwegian general population: Prevalence and associated factors
Bonsaksen, T., Heir, T., Skogstad, L., Grimholt, T. K., Ekeberg, Ø., Lerdal, A., & Schou‐Bredal, I. (2020) · Drugs and Alcohol Today · doi:10.1108/dat-02-2020-0010 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citation
One-Year Change in Locus of Control among People with Dementia
Halse, I., Bjørkløf, G. H., Engedal, K., Selbæk, G., & Barca, M. L. (2021) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra · doi:10.1159/000520248 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-efficacy beliefs among baccalaureate nursing students – A cross-sectional, comparative study
Nordhus, G. E. M., NaNongkhai, P., & Almås, S. H. (2022) · International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship · doi:10.1515/ijnes-2021-0157 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The effect of behavioral rehearsal in the training of clinical psychology students in cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial.
Bjaastad, J. F., Lillevoll, K. R., Hoffart, A., Nilsen, T. S., Kjoteroe, J., Prescott, P., Røssberg, J., Clark, D. M., Dahl, K., Wang, C. E. A., et al. (2025) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2025.104849 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Perceptions of self-efficacy, everyday stress, and symptoms of anxiety and depression among traumatized women in comprehensive treatment
Svensén, S., Bolstad, I., Ødbehr, L. S., & Larsson, G. (2025) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2025.2582354 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Anxiety and depression in newly diagnosed patients with inflammatory bowel disease (the IBSEN III study) compared with the general population in Norway
Johansen, I., Hagen, M., Løkkeberg, S. T., Aabrekk, T. B., Asak, Ø., Bengtson, M., Cetinkaya, R. B., Detlie, T. E., Frigstad, S. O., Holten, K. I. A., et al. (2026) · Journal of Crohn s and Colitis · doi:10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjag021 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Mental health and energy drink consumption among Norwegian adolescents; a cross-sectional study
Kaldenbach, S., Leonhardt, M., Strand, T. A., & Holten-Andersen, M. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-23432-6 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Validation of a short version of the Lee fatigue scale in adults living in Norway: a cross-sectional population survey
Lerdal, A., Gay, C., Bonsaksen, T., Ekeberg, Ø., Grimholt, T., Heir, T., Kottorp, A., Lee, K. A., Skogstad, L., & Schou‐Bredal, I. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-17036-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
Caring Across Cultures: A Cross-Sectional Study of Cultural Competence Among Nurses in Norway
Alkhaled, T., Johannessen, B., Lie, B., Alpers, L., & Rohde, G. E. (2026) · Journal of Transcultural Nursing · doi:10.1177/10436596261423159 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Stimulating older customers’ digital self-efficacy: A strengths-based approach to reduce digital vulnerability in augmented reality
Ceyssens, C., Verhulst, N., & Vermeulen, M. (2026) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2026.116364 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-efficacy in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration in anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy
Mahmoud, A. A. E.-C., Shekho, N., Pedersen, M. K., Stokholm, L., Subhi, Y., Grauslund, J., & Thinggaard, B. S. (2026) · AJO International · doi:10.1016/j.ajoint.2026.100283 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Current Researches in Educational Sciences V
Bozdağ, F. Ü., Kart, A. N., Uğurlu, N. I., Kayhan, N., Kart, A. N., Kart, M., Uslu, Ö., Karaali, S., Bedir, H., DEMİRÖZ, K., et al. (2022) · Akademisyen Kitabevi eBooks · doi:10.37609/akya.2107
تأثير الكفاءات المهنية على الانخراط في العمل في المؤسسة الأمنية الفلسطينية: الدور الوسيط للكفاءة الذاتية العامة
عريقات, ر., & العلا, أ. أ. (2023) · المجلة العربیة للإدارة · doi:10.21608/aja.2023.222907.1487
Psychological Resilience Despite Childhood Maltreatment: The Impact of Self-Efficacy, Personality Functioning and Social Support in Young Adult Residential Care LeaversPreprint
von Wendorff, C. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4779130
Uncovering potential interviewer-related biases in self-efficacy assessment: a study among chronic disease patients
Holter, M., Avian, A., Weger, M., Strini, S., Michelitsch, M., Winkler, V., Kloft, A. M., Groß, J., Falb, T., Gabriel, M., et al. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-02579-2
Additional file 2 of Sleep patterns and psychosocial health of parents of preterm and full-born infants: a prospective, comparative, longitudinal feasibility study
Marthinsen, G. N., Helseth, S., Småstuen, M., Bjorvatn, B., Bandlien, S. M., & Fegran, L. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20252804
Additional file 1 of Investigating the relationship between aging perception and self-efficacy in the older adults: a cross-sectional study in Eastern Iran
Arjmand-sangani, M., Sharifzadeh, G., Soltani, N. S., & Torshizi, M. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26461820
Additional file 1 of Pain and health-related quality of life in adolescents and the mediating role of self-esteem and self-efficacy: a cross-sectional study including adolescents and parents
Mikkelsen, H. T., Haraldstad, K., Helseth, S., Skarstein, S. O., Småstuen, M. C., & Rohde, G. E. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16544190
Additional file 1 of Changes in health-related quality of life in adolescents and the impact of gender and selected variables: a two-year longitudinal study
Mikkelsen, H. T., Småstuen, M. C., Haraldstad, K., Helseth, S., Skarstein, S. O., & Rohde, G. E. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20517267
Additional file 5 of Sleep patterns and psychosocial health of parents of preterm and full-born infants: a prospective, comparative, longitudinal feasibility study
Marthinsen, G. N., Helseth, S., Småstuen, M., Bjorvatn, B., Bandlien, S. M., & Fegran, L. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20252813
Additional file 1 of Sleep patterns and psychosocial health of parents of preterm and full-born infants: a prospective, comparative, longitudinal feasibility study
Marthinsen, G. N., Helseth, S., Småstuen, M., Bjorvatn, B., Bandlien, S. M., & Fegran, L. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20252801
Additional file 3 of Sleep patterns and psychosocial health of parents of preterm and full-born infants: a prospective, comparative, longitudinal feasibility study
Marthinsen, G. N., Helseth, S., Småstuen, M., Bjorvatn, B., Bandlien, S. M., & Fegran, L. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20252807
Additional file 4 of Sleep patterns and psychosocial health of parents of preterm and full-born infants: a prospective, comparative, longitudinal feasibility study
Marthinsen, G. N., Helseth, S., Småstuen, M., Bjorvatn, B., Bandlien, S. M., & Fegran, L. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20252810
Effects of the elements in SchoolHealth on adolescents’ health literacy, general self-efficacy and health-related quality of life—A randomized factorial trialPreprint
Waldum-Grevbo, K. S., Holen, S., WENTZEL-LArsen, T. J. T. N., Lisøy, C., & Sagatun, Å. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-8174141/v1
Self-perceived oral health, general self-efficacy, and their relations to oral health conditions in head and neck cancer patients in Sweden—a prospective observational study
Karlsson, C., Bohm, N., Finizia, C. A., Andersson, J. S., & Almståhl, A. (2026) · Frontiers in Oral Health · doi:10.3389/froh.2025.1693673
Item response theory and differential item functioning analyses of the general self-efficacy scale for Koreans with disabilities
Choi, H. (2026) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-026-09061-1
Psychosocial effects of attending educational and support conferences on adults with rare diseases: A pre-post study.Preprint
Sigurðardóttir, S., Johannessen, T. J., Stenberg, U., Systad, S., Duinker, I. L., Bogart, K. R., & Feragen, K. B. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-8975124/v1
Lifetime exposure to bullying and its association with health status and quality of life in the general Norwegian population: a cross-sectional study
Skogstad, L., Schou‐Bredal, I., Ekeberg, Ø., Grimholt, T. K., Bonsaksen, T., & Heir, T. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1811310
Self-citation
Mental health status of workers in the semiconductor industry during the COVID-19 pandemic: comparisons between regions on three continents
Weitensfelder, L., Kundi, M., Knasmüller, S., Nersesyan, A. K., Schneider, M., & Wultsch, G. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1823067
Growing in the Shadow of Mental Illness: Quality of Life, Health Status, Social Functioning, and Health Care Utilization Among Adults to Parents With Severe Mental Illness
Shestiperov, A., Kagan, I., & Grinstein‐Cohen, O. (2026) · Journal of Nursing Scholarship · doi:10.1111/jnu.70118
Adolescents’ health literacy and health-related quality of life: The mediating role of self-efficacy
Waldum-Grevbo, K. S., Holen, S., Wentzel‐Larsen, T., & Sagatun, Å. (2026) · Public Health in Practice · doi:10.1016/j.puhip.2026.100849
A mobile health-assisted cardiovascular follow-up after pregnancy complications (MumCare): protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Staff, A. C., Sugulle, M., Noll, J., Sollie-Hoel, M. K. C., Aguirre, B. O., Fiskå, B. S., Aasbø, G., Klovning, A., Estensen, M.-E., & Waldum, Å. H. (2026) · Frontiers in Global Women s Health · doi:10.3389/fgwh.2026.1889953

Gender Difference in General Self-Efficacy among Young-Old Elderly Aged 60–74 in Rural Shandong China: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Wang, Y., Xu, L., Qin, W., Zhang, J., Xia, Y., Jing, X., Lu, L., Jiao, A., & Li, Y. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16245070 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Perceived self-efficacy in health behaviour research: Conceptualisation, measurement and correlates
Leganger, A., Kraft, P., & R⊘ysamb, E. (2000) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870440008400288 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Self-rated global health in the Norwegian general population
Bonsaksen, T., Ekeberg, Ø., Skogstad, L., Heir, T., Grimholt, T. K., Lerdal, A., & Schou‐Bredal, I. (2019) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-019-1258-y · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citation
General self-efficacy in East and West Germany: A comparison of two German representative cohorts in 2014 and 2022
Reinwarth, A. C., Petersen, J., Beutel, M. E., Weidner, K., Clemens, V., & Brähler, E. (2025) · Public Health in Practice · doi:10.1016/j.puhip.2025.100718
Predictors of General Self-Efficacy and Self-Esteem in Occupational Therapy Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
Bonsaksen, T. (2015) · Occupational Therapy in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/0164212x.2015.1055536 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citation

Authors: Bonsaksen, T., Lerdal, A., Heir, T., Ekeberg, Ø., Skogstad, L., Grimholt, T. K., & Schou-Bredal, I.
Affiliations: OsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan University (NO)
University of Oslo (NO)
Oslo University Hospital (NO)
Department of Nursing Science, Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Corresponding author: Bonsaksen, Tore
ORCID: Bonsaksen, Tore
Lerdal, Anners
Heir, Trond
Venue: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2018-02-08
Volume: 47
Issue: 7
Pages: 695-704
ISSN: 1403-4948 (ISSN-L)
1651-1905
DOI: 10.1177/1403494818756701
OpenAlex: W2785813274
Cited by: 85
References: 21
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1
FWCI: 5.68
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
hdl.handle.net
Licence: other-oa
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health and Wellbeing Research
Keywords: general self-efficacy, sociodemographic differences, gender differences, employment status, age differences, educational attainment, general population, Norwegian population
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Employment, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Norway, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sex Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Self Efficacy, Young Adult

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

General self-efficacy in the Norwegian population: differences and similarities between sociodemographic groups

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks