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Cited by 104Optimism, Hope, and Well-beingPsychometric Methodologies and TestingPsychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction

Population-based norms of the Life Orientation Test–Revised (LOT-R).

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Schou-Bredal, Inger, Heir, Trond, Skogstad, Laila, Bonsaksen, Tore, Lerdal, Anners, Grimholt, Tine, Ekeberg, Øivind·2017·International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology
DOI 10.1016/j.ijchp.2017.07.005PMC PMC6220921
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Abstract

Background/Objective: The most common used instrument to measure optimism, both in psychological and medical research, is the Life Orientation Test- Revised (LOT-R). A multi-countries study using the future item from the LOT-R, found that level of optimism varied between countries. The provision of population-based norms is necessary, since norms enable the application of the LOT-R in individual diagnosis to compare individuals or special patient groups’ scores with reference data. Method: A representative population based survey was conducted in 2014-2015. Norwegian aged 18–94 years (N = 1,792) completed questionnaires assessing sociodemographic, optimism and health and quality of life. Results: The mean age was 53.2 (SD = 16.6) and 53% were women. Mean LOT-R score was 17.2 (SD 3.0). There were marginal age and no gender differences. Although optimism was associated with sociodemographic variables, these were considered negligible due to small effect size. Norm data are given for the entire population. Optimism was associated with better health and quality of life. Conclusions: This study provides age and gender specific norm values from a representative sample of the Norwegian population. The normative data may be used in comparisons of optimism between individuals or between different samples of patients or sub-groups of people. Antecedentes/Objetivo: El instrumento más comúnmente utilizado para medir el optimismo, tanto en la investigación psicológica como en la médica, es el Test de Orientación Vital Revisado (LOT-R). Disponer de normas poblacionales es necesario, ya que permiten comparar los puntajes de individuos o grupos con los datos de referencia. Método: En 2014-2015 se llevó a cabo un estudio poblacional. Noruegos de entre 18 y 94 años (N = 1.792) cumplimentaron cuestionarios que evaluaban variables sociodemográficas, optimismo disposicional, salud y calidad de vida. Resultados: La edad media fue de 53,2 (DT = 16,6) y el 53% fueron mujeres. La puntuación media del LOT-R fue de 17,2 (DT = 3). Se encontraron diferencias marginales en la edad y no hubo diferencias de género. Aunque el optimismo se asoció con variables sociodemográficas, esta asociación no se consideró significativa debido a los pequeños tamaños del efecto, por lo que los datos normativos se refieren a la población general. El optimismo se asoció con mejor salud y calidad de vida. Conclusión: Este estudio proporciona valores normativos específicos en función de edad y sexo a partir de una muestra representativa de la población noruega.

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  1. Statistisk sentralbyrå, Statistics Norway (2015). Retrieved March 3, 2017, from http://www.ssb.no. in press.

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Authors
Schou-Bredal, I., Heir, T., Skogstad, L., Bonsaksen, T., Lerdal, A., Grimholt, T., & Ekeberg, Ø.
Affiliations
  • University of Oslo (NO)
  • OsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan University (NO)
  • Lovisenberg Diakonale Sykehus (NO)
  • Oslo University Hospital (NO)
ORCID
Venue
International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2017-09
Volume
17
Issue
3
Pages
216-224
ISSN
1697-2600 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.ijchp.2017.07.005
PMC
PMC6220921
OpenAlex
W2750363077
Cited by
104
References
39
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 2
FWCI
10.02
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
  • Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Keywords
Life Orientation Test-Revised, optimism, population norms, age and gender differences, quality of life, Norwegian population, psychometric validation, dispositional optimism, future orientation

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